Assessment of the Risk of Amazon Dieback
The Amazon basin is a key component of the global carbon cycle. The old-growth rainforests in the basin represent storage of ~ 120 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) in their biomass. Annually, these tropical forests process approximately 18 Pg C through r...
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| Language: | English |
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World Bank
2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20101124000244 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2531 |
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okr-10986-2531 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank |
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English |
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ABOVEGROUND VEGETATION AEROSOLS AIR AIR TEMPERATURE AMAZON DEFORESTATION AMAZON FOREST AMAZON RAINFOREST AMAZONIAN FOREST AMAZONIAN RAINFALL ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION ATMOSPHEREOCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION ATMOSPHERIC CARBON ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BIOCLIMATIC LIMITS BIOMASS CARBON BIOMASS DENSITY BIOSPHERE CARBON CARBON CHANGE CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON SINK CARBON STARVATION CENTURY TEMPERATURE CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS CLIMATE CHANGES CLIMATE CONDITIONS CLIMATE EQUILIBRIUM CLIMATE EXTREMES CLIMATE FEEDBACKS CLIMATE FORCING CLIMATE IMPACT CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH CLIMATE IMPACTS CLIMATE MODEL CLIMATE MODELS CLIMATE POLICIES CLIMATE PREDICTION CLIMATE RESEARCH CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT CLIMATE SCENARIO CLIMATE SCENARIOS CLIMATE SCIENCE CLIMATE SIMULATION CLIMATE SIMULATIONS CLIMATE TRENDS CLIMATE-VEGETATION MODEL CLIMATIC CHANGES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CLIMATIC FACTORS CLIMATIC RESEARCH CLIMATIC VARIABLE CLIMATOLOGY CLOUD COVER CLOUDS CO2 COLORS CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION CONVERGENCE CRU DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION SCENARIOS DROUGHT DRY FORESTS DRY SEASON DYNAMIC GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE EMISSION EMISSION SCENARIO EMISSION SCENARIOS EMISSION TRAJECTORIES EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM SOILS EMISSIONS SCENARIOS ENDEMIC SPECIES ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIST EVAPORATION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EXTREME DRY EXTREME EVENTS EXTREME PRECIPITATION EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS EXTREME WEATHER EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS FERTILIZATION FLOODS FOREST FOREST BIOMASS FOREST BIOMASS ESTIMATE FOREST CARBON FOREST CONSERVATION FOREST COVER FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST DIEBACK FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FOREST GROWTH FOREST MICROCLIMATOLOGY FOREST STANDS FOREST STRUCTURE FOREST TYPES FORESTS FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS FOSSIL FUELS GCM GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL GHG GHGS GLOBAL AVERAGE SURFACE WARMING GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE GLOBAL CLIMATE GLOBAL EMISSION GLOBAL EMISSIONS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GLOBAL PRECIPITATION GLOBAL PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY GLOBAL SCALE GLOBAL VEGETATION GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES HYDROLOGY ICE IMPACT OF CLIMATE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE POLICY INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE IPCC ITCZ LAND SURFACE LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LAND USE CHANGES LIGHTNING LOSS OF VEGETATION MEAN RAINFALL METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH METHANE NITROGEN OCEANS PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLANT GROWTH PRECIPITATION RADIATIVE FORCING RAIN RAINFALL RAINFALL ANOMALIES RAINFALL DISTRIBUTIONS RAINFALL REDUCTION RAINFALL TREND RAINFALL VARIABILITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENTISTS SEA LEVEL RISE SEASON SEASONAL RAINFALL SULPHATE SURFACE MODEL SURFACE PRESSURE SURFACE RUNOFF SURFACE TEMPERATURE SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGE SURFACE TEMPERATURES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPERATE FORESTS TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES TEMPERATURE ANOMALY TEMPERATURE CHANGE TEMPERATURE CHANGES TEMPERATURE INCREASE TEMPERATURE INDEXES TREE SPECIES TROPICAL BROADLEAF EVERGREEN TROPICAL FOREST TROPICAL FOREST BIOMASS TROPICAL FORESTS TROPICS URBAN AREAS VEGETATION CARBON VEGETATION CHANGE VEGETATION DYNAMICS VEGETATION GROWTH WATER CYCLE WEATHER FORECASTING WEATHER PREDICTION WET SEASON WIND WOODLAND |
| spellingShingle |
ABOVEGROUND VEGETATION AEROSOLS AIR AIR TEMPERATURE AMAZON DEFORESTATION AMAZON FOREST AMAZON RAINFOREST AMAZONIAN FOREST AMAZONIAN RAINFALL ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION ATMOSPHEREOCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION ATMOSPHERIC CARBON ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BIOCLIMATIC LIMITS BIOMASS CARBON BIOMASS DENSITY BIOSPHERE CARBON CARBON CHANGE CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON SINK CARBON STARVATION CENTURY TEMPERATURE CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS CLIMATE CHANGES CLIMATE CONDITIONS CLIMATE EQUILIBRIUM CLIMATE EXTREMES CLIMATE FEEDBACKS CLIMATE FORCING CLIMATE IMPACT CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH CLIMATE IMPACTS CLIMATE MODEL CLIMATE MODELS CLIMATE POLICIES CLIMATE PREDICTION CLIMATE RESEARCH CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT CLIMATE SCENARIO CLIMATE SCENARIOS CLIMATE SCIENCE CLIMATE SIMULATION CLIMATE SIMULATIONS CLIMATE TRENDS CLIMATE-VEGETATION MODEL CLIMATIC CHANGES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CLIMATIC FACTORS CLIMATIC RESEARCH CLIMATIC VARIABLE CLIMATOLOGY CLOUD COVER CLOUDS CO2 COLORS CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION CONVERGENCE CRU DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION SCENARIOS DROUGHT DRY FORESTS DRY SEASON DYNAMIC GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE EMISSION EMISSION SCENARIO EMISSION SCENARIOS EMISSION TRAJECTORIES EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM SOILS EMISSIONS SCENARIOS ENDEMIC SPECIES ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIST EVAPORATION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EXTREME DRY EXTREME EVENTS EXTREME PRECIPITATION EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS EXTREME WEATHER EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS FERTILIZATION FLOODS FOREST FOREST BIOMASS FOREST BIOMASS ESTIMATE FOREST CARBON FOREST CONSERVATION FOREST COVER FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST DIEBACK FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FOREST GROWTH FOREST MICROCLIMATOLOGY FOREST STANDS FOREST STRUCTURE FOREST TYPES FORESTS FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS FOSSIL FUELS GCM GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL GHG GHGS GLOBAL AVERAGE SURFACE WARMING GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE GLOBAL CLIMATE GLOBAL EMISSION GLOBAL EMISSIONS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GLOBAL PRECIPITATION GLOBAL PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY GLOBAL SCALE GLOBAL VEGETATION GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES HYDROLOGY ICE IMPACT OF CLIMATE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE POLICY INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE IPCC ITCZ LAND SURFACE LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LAND USE CHANGES LIGHTNING LOSS OF VEGETATION MEAN RAINFALL METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH METHANE NITROGEN OCEANS PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLANT GROWTH PRECIPITATION RADIATIVE FORCING RAIN RAINFALL RAINFALL ANOMALIES RAINFALL DISTRIBUTIONS RAINFALL REDUCTION RAINFALL TREND RAINFALL VARIABILITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENTISTS SEA LEVEL RISE SEASON SEASONAL RAINFALL SULPHATE SURFACE MODEL SURFACE PRESSURE SURFACE RUNOFF SURFACE TEMPERATURE SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGE SURFACE TEMPERATURES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPERATE FORESTS TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES TEMPERATURE ANOMALY TEMPERATURE CHANGE TEMPERATURE CHANGES TEMPERATURE INCREASE TEMPERATURE INDEXES TREE SPECIES TROPICAL BROADLEAF EVERGREEN TROPICAL FOREST TROPICAL FOREST BIOMASS TROPICAL FORESTS TROPICS URBAN AREAS VEGETATION CARBON VEGETATION CHANGE VEGETATION DYNAMICS VEGETATION GROWTH WATER CYCLE WEATHER FORECASTING WEATHER PREDICTION WET SEASON WIND WOODLAND Vergara, Walter Scholz, Sebastian M. Assessment of the Risk of Amazon Dieback |
| relation |
A World Bank study |
| description |
The Amazon basin is a key component of
the global carbon cycle. The old-growth rainforests in the
basin represent storage of ~ 120 petagrams of carbon (Pg C)
in their biomass. Annually, these tropical forests process
approximately 18 Pg C through respiration and
photosynthesis. This is more than twice the rate of global
anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions. The basin is also the
largest global repository of biodiversity and produces about
20 percent of the world's flow of fresh water into the
oceans. Despite the large carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux from
recent deforestation, the Amazon rainforest ecosystem is
still considered to be a net carbon sinks of 0.8-1.1 Pg C
per year because growth on average exceeds mortality
(Phillips et al. 2008). However, current climate trends and
human-induced deforestation may be transforming forest
structure and behavior (Phillips et al. 2009). Increasing
temperatures may accelerate respiration rates and thus
carbon emissions from soils (Malhi and Grace 2000). High
probabilities for modification in rainfall patterns (Malhi
et al. 2008) and prolonged drought stress may lead to
reductions in biomass density. Resulting changes in
evapo-transpiration and therefore convective precipitation
could further accelerate drought conditions and destabilize
the tropical ecosystem as a whole, causing a reduction in
its biomass carrying capacity or dieback. In turn, changes
in the structure of the Amazon and its associated water
cycle will have implications for the many endemic species it
contains and result in changes at a continental scale.
Clearly, with much at stake, if climate-induced damage
alters the state of the Amazon ecosystem, there is a need to
better understand its risk, process, and dynamics. The
objective of this study is to assist in understanding the
risk, process, and dynamics of potential Amazon dieback and
its implications. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Vergara, Walter Scholz, Sebastian M. |
| author_facet |
Vergara, Walter Scholz, Sebastian M. |
| author_sort |
Vergara, Walter |
| title |
Assessment of the Risk of Amazon Dieback |
| title_short |
Assessment of the Risk of Amazon Dieback |
| title_full |
Assessment of the Risk of Amazon Dieback |
| title_fullStr |
Assessment of the Risk of Amazon Dieback |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of the Risk of Amazon Dieback |
| title_sort |
assessment of the risk of amazon dieback |
| publisher |
World Bank |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20101124000244 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2531 |
| _version_ |
1764385593681248256 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-25312021-04-23T14:02:02Z Assessment of the Risk of Amazon Dieback Vergara, Walter Scholz, Sebastian M. ABOVEGROUND VEGETATION AEROSOLS AIR AIR TEMPERATURE AMAZON DEFORESTATION AMAZON FOREST AMAZON RAINFOREST AMAZONIAN FOREST AMAZONIAN RAINFALL ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION ATMOSPHEREOCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION ATMOSPHERIC CARBON ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BIOCLIMATIC LIMITS BIOMASS CARBON BIOMASS DENSITY BIOSPHERE CARBON CARBON CHANGE CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON SINK CARBON STARVATION CENTURY TEMPERATURE CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS CLIMATE CHANGES CLIMATE CONDITIONS CLIMATE EQUILIBRIUM CLIMATE EXTREMES CLIMATE FEEDBACKS CLIMATE FORCING CLIMATE IMPACT CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH CLIMATE IMPACTS CLIMATE MODEL CLIMATE MODELS CLIMATE POLICIES CLIMATE PREDICTION CLIMATE RESEARCH CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT CLIMATE SCENARIO CLIMATE SCENARIOS CLIMATE SCIENCE CLIMATE SIMULATION CLIMATE SIMULATIONS CLIMATE TRENDS CLIMATE-VEGETATION MODEL CLIMATIC CHANGES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CLIMATIC FACTORS CLIMATIC RESEARCH CLIMATIC VARIABLE CLIMATOLOGY CLOUD COVER CLOUDS CO2 COLORS CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION CONVERGENCE CRU DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION SCENARIOS DROUGHT DRY FORESTS DRY SEASON DYNAMIC GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE EMISSION EMISSION SCENARIO EMISSION SCENARIOS EMISSION TRAJECTORIES EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM SOILS EMISSIONS SCENARIOS ENDEMIC SPECIES ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIST EVAPORATION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EXTREME DRY EXTREME EVENTS EXTREME PRECIPITATION EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS EXTREME WEATHER EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS FERTILIZATION FLOODS FOREST FOREST BIOMASS FOREST BIOMASS ESTIMATE FOREST CARBON FOREST CONSERVATION FOREST COVER FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST DIEBACK FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FOREST GROWTH FOREST MICROCLIMATOLOGY FOREST STANDS FOREST STRUCTURE FOREST TYPES FORESTS FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS FOSSIL FUELS GCM GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL GHG GHGS GLOBAL AVERAGE SURFACE WARMING GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE GLOBAL CLIMATE GLOBAL EMISSION GLOBAL EMISSIONS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION GLOBAL PRECIPITATION GLOBAL PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY GLOBAL SCALE GLOBAL VEGETATION GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES HYDROLOGY ICE IMPACT OF CLIMATE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE POLICY INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE IPCC ITCZ LAND SURFACE LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LAND USE CHANGES LIGHTNING LOSS OF VEGETATION MEAN RAINFALL METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH METHANE NITROGEN OCEANS PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLANT GROWTH PRECIPITATION RADIATIVE FORCING RAIN RAINFALL RAINFALL ANOMALIES RAINFALL DISTRIBUTIONS RAINFALL REDUCTION RAINFALL TREND RAINFALL VARIABILITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENTISTS SEA LEVEL RISE SEASON SEASONAL RAINFALL SULPHATE SURFACE MODEL SURFACE PRESSURE SURFACE RUNOFF SURFACE TEMPERATURE SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGE SURFACE TEMPERATURES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPERATE FORESTS TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES TEMPERATURE ANOMALY TEMPERATURE CHANGE TEMPERATURE CHANGES TEMPERATURE INCREASE TEMPERATURE INDEXES TREE SPECIES TROPICAL BROADLEAF EVERGREEN TROPICAL FOREST TROPICAL FOREST BIOMASS TROPICAL FORESTS TROPICS URBAN AREAS VEGETATION CARBON VEGETATION CHANGE VEGETATION DYNAMICS VEGETATION GROWTH WATER CYCLE WEATHER FORECASTING WEATHER PREDICTION WET SEASON WIND WOODLAND The Amazon basin is a key component of the global carbon cycle. The old-growth rainforests in the basin represent storage of ~ 120 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) in their biomass. Annually, these tropical forests process approximately 18 Pg C through respiration and photosynthesis. This is more than twice the rate of global anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions. The basin is also the largest global repository of biodiversity and produces about 20 percent of the world's flow of fresh water into the oceans. Despite the large carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux from recent deforestation, the Amazon rainforest ecosystem is still considered to be a net carbon sinks of 0.8-1.1 Pg C per year because growth on average exceeds mortality (Phillips et al. 2008). However, current climate trends and human-induced deforestation may be transforming forest structure and behavior (Phillips et al. 2009). Increasing temperatures may accelerate respiration rates and thus carbon emissions from soils (Malhi and Grace 2000). High probabilities for modification in rainfall patterns (Malhi et al. 2008) and prolonged drought stress may lead to reductions in biomass density. Resulting changes in evapo-transpiration and therefore convective precipitation could further accelerate drought conditions and destabilize the tropical ecosystem as a whole, causing a reduction in its biomass carrying capacity or dieback. In turn, changes in the structure of the Amazon and its associated water cycle will have implications for the many endemic species it contains and result in changes at a continental scale. Clearly, with much at stake, if climate-induced damage alters the state of the Amazon ecosystem, there is a need to better understand its risk, process, and dynamics. The objective of this study is to assist in understanding the risk, process, and dynamics of potential Amazon dieback and its implications. 2012-03-19T09:35:51Z 2012-03-19T09:35:51Z 2011 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20101124000244 978-0-8213-8621-7 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2531 English A World Bank study CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication |