Non-Tariff Measures and the World Trading System

With the success of the World Trade Organization and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, in reducing conventional tariff barriers, much of the recent focus of regional and multilateral trade agreements has switched to non-t...

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Main Authors:	Ederington, Josh, Ruta, Michele
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2016
Subjects:	TARIFFS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK URUGUAY ROUND MULTILATERAL TRADE IMPERFECT SUBSTITUTES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION EXCISE TAXES PRODUCTION TRADE EFFECTS ANTITRUST LAWS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS VARIABLE COSTS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS INCOME PERFECT COMPETITION FOREIGN PRODUCERS TRADE BARRIERS PROPERTY RIGHTS GDP PER CAPITA EXPORTS ELASTICITY TRADE FLOWS POLITICAL ECONOMY WELFARE INCENTIVES EQUILIBRIUM VARIABLES ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY SUBSIDY SAFETY STANDARDS INPUTS TRADE CONCESSIONS DUMPING ITC PAYMENTS SAFETY REGULATIONS MARKET ACCESS PROTECTIONISM FREE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENTS DEVELOPMENT EXPORT BARRIERS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS INFLUENCE COLLUSION COSTS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS IMPORT QUOTAS DOMESTIC PRODUCERS FIXED COSTS EXCHANGE RATES EXTERNALITIES MONOPOLY RECIPROCAL REDUCTION IMPERFECT COMPETITION QUOTAS CRITERIA CENTRALIZATION MARKETS NET EXPORTS WTO CARTEL ACCESS ECONOMICS LITERATURE TRADE POLICY CONSUMER CHOICE UTILITY NATURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY SUBSIDIES TRADE POLICIES ECONOMIC RESEARCH TAXES IMPORT TARIFFS EXTERNALITY CONSUMPTION MULTIPLIER EFFECT VALUE ADDED INTERNATIONAL TRADE ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY FINANCIAL CRISIS VALUE COMPETITIVENESS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY CONCESSIONS PATENTS UTILITY FUNCTION INEFFICIENCY ECONOMY AGRICULTURE CONSUMERS TARIFF BARRIERS MEASUREMENT BENCHMARK ECONOMIC THEORY TRADE LIBERALIZATION SHALLOW INTEGRATION ECONOMICS WORLD TRADING SYSTEM CLOSED ECONOMY MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS BUSINESS CYCLES TAXATION TRADE ECONOMIC INTEGRATION FOREIGN COMPETITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION GDP GOODS THEORY ECONOMIES OF SCALE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES BILATERAL TRADE INVESTMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES PREFERENTIAL TRADE TARIFF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE DECENTRALIZATION NASH EQUILIBRIUM MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION WORLD TRADE PRICE CONTROLS CONSUMPTION LEVELS OUTCOMES POSITIVE EFFECTS PRICES CONSUMER PROTECTION BENEFITS PRODUCTION COSTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY COMPETITION FUTURE RESEARCH
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/05/26345621/non-tariff-measures-world-trading-system http://hdl.handle.net/10986/24499

id	okr-10986-24499
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-244992021-04-23T14:04:22Z Non-Tariff Measures and the World Trading System Ederington, Josh Ruta, Michele TARIFFS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK URUGUAY ROUND MULTILATERAL TRADE IMPERFECT SUBSTITUTES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION EXCISE TAXES PRODUCTION TRADE EFFECTS ANTITRUST LAWS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS VARIABLE COSTS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS INCOME PERFECT COMPETITION FOREIGN PRODUCERS TRADE BARRIERS PROPERTY RIGHTS GDP PER CAPITA EXPORTS ELASTICITY TRADE FLOWS POLITICAL ECONOMY WELFARE INCENTIVES EQUILIBRIUM VARIABLES ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY SUBSIDY SAFETY STANDARDS INPUTS TRADE CONCESSIONS DUMPING ITC PAYMENTS SAFETY REGULATIONS MARKET ACCESS PROTECTIONISM FREE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENTS DEVELOPMENT EXPORT BARRIERS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS INFLUENCE COLLUSION COSTS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS IMPORT QUOTAS DOMESTIC PRODUCERS FIXED COSTS EXCHANGE RATES EXTERNALITIES MONOPOLY RECIPROCAL REDUCTION IMPERFECT COMPETITION QUOTAS CRITERIA CENTRALIZATION MARKETS NET EXPORTS WTO CARTEL ACCESS ECONOMICS LITERATURE TRADE POLICY CONSUMER CHOICE UTILITY NATURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY SUBSIDIES TRADE POLICIES ECONOMIC RESEARCH TAXES IMPORT TARIFFS EXTERNALITY CONSUMPTION MULTIPLIER EFFECT VALUE ADDED INTERNATIONAL TRADE ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY FINANCIAL CRISIS VALUE COMPETITIVENESS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY CONCESSIONS PATENTS UTILITY FUNCTION INEFFICIENCY ECONOMY AGRICULTURE CONSUMERS TARIFF BARRIERS MEASUREMENT BENCHMARK ECONOMIC THEORY TRADE LIBERALIZATION SHALLOW INTEGRATION ECONOMICS WORLD TRADING SYSTEM CLOSED ECONOMY MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS BUSINESS CYCLES TAXATION TRADE ECONOMIC INTEGRATION FOREIGN COMPETITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION GDP GOODS THEORY ECONOMIES OF SCALE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES BILATERAL TRADE INVESTMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES PREFERENTIAL TRADE TARIFF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE DECENTRALIZATION NASH EQUILIBRIUM MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION WORLD TRADE PRICE CONTROLS CONSUMPTION LEVELS OUTCOMES POSITIVE EFFECTS PRICES CONSUMER PROTECTION BENEFITS PRODUCTION COSTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY COMPETITION FUTURE RESEARCH With the success of the World Trade Organization and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, in reducing conventional tariff barriers, much of the recent focus of regional and multilateral trade agreements has switched to non-tariff measures, both border and behind-the-border policies. This paper considers the recent empirical and theoretical literature on non-tariff measures in the world trading system. It provides a set of stylized facts based on available data on non-tariff measures and reviews the key methods used to estimate their trade impact. It considers the theoretical treatment of these measures in the trade literature with a focus on the rules and institutions that govern non-tariff measures in the world trading system. It discusses some of the major issues regarding international cooperation in these policy areas, in particular whether such cooperation should entail deep integration (involving precise legally binding obligations) or shallow integration (which allows countries greater discretion in the setting of non-tariff measures). Finally, this paper reviews some of the specific features the World Trade Organization uses in dealing with non-tariff measures such as national treatment rules and non-violation complaints, and considers policy options beyond the WTO such as harmonization and mutual recognition of standards. 2016-06-13T20:33:44Z 2016-06-13T20:33:44Z 2016-05 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/05/26345621/non-tariff-measures-world-trading-system http://hdl.handle.net/10986/24499 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7661 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	TARIFFS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK URUGUAY ROUND MULTILATERAL TRADE IMPERFECT SUBSTITUTES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION EXCISE TAXES PRODUCTION TRADE EFFECTS ANTITRUST LAWS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS VARIABLE COSTS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS INCOME PERFECT COMPETITION FOREIGN PRODUCERS TRADE BARRIERS PROPERTY RIGHTS GDP PER CAPITA EXPORTS ELASTICITY TRADE FLOWS POLITICAL ECONOMY WELFARE INCENTIVES EQUILIBRIUM VARIABLES ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY SUBSIDY SAFETY STANDARDS INPUTS TRADE CONCESSIONS DUMPING ITC PAYMENTS SAFETY REGULATIONS MARKET ACCESS PROTECTIONISM FREE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENTS DEVELOPMENT EXPORT BARRIERS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS INFLUENCE COLLUSION COSTS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS IMPORT QUOTAS DOMESTIC PRODUCERS FIXED COSTS EXCHANGE RATES EXTERNALITIES MONOPOLY RECIPROCAL REDUCTION IMPERFECT COMPETITION QUOTAS CRITERIA CENTRALIZATION MARKETS NET EXPORTS WTO CARTEL ACCESS ECONOMICS LITERATURE TRADE POLICY CONSUMER CHOICE UTILITY NATURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY SUBSIDIES TRADE POLICIES ECONOMIC RESEARCH TAXES IMPORT TARIFFS EXTERNALITY CONSUMPTION MULTIPLIER EFFECT VALUE ADDED INTERNATIONAL TRADE ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY FINANCIAL CRISIS VALUE COMPETITIVENESS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY CONCESSIONS PATENTS UTILITY FUNCTION INEFFICIENCY ECONOMY AGRICULTURE CONSUMERS TARIFF BARRIERS MEASUREMENT BENCHMARK ECONOMIC THEORY TRADE LIBERALIZATION SHALLOW INTEGRATION ECONOMICS WORLD TRADING SYSTEM CLOSED ECONOMY MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS BUSINESS CYCLES TAXATION TRADE ECONOMIC INTEGRATION FOREIGN COMPETITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION GDP GOODS THEORY ECONOMIES OF SCALE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES BILATERAL TRADE INVESTMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES PREFERENTIAL TRADE TARIFF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE DECENTRALIZATION NASH EQUILIBRIUM MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION WORLD TRADE PRICE CONTROLS CONSUMPTION LEVELS OUTCOMES POSITIVE EFFECTS PRICES CONSUMER PROTECTION BENEFITS PRODUCTION COSTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY COMPETITION FUTURE RESEARCH
spellingShingle	TARIFFS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK URUGUAY ROUND MULTILATERAL TRADE IMPERFECT SUBSTITUTES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION EXCISE TAXES PRODUCTION TRADE EFFECTS ANTITRUST LAWS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS VARIABLE COSTS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS INCOME PERFECT COMPETITION FOREIGN PRODUCERS TRADE BARRIERS PROPERTY RIGHTS GDP PER CAPITA EXPORTS ELASTICITY TRADE FLOWS POLITICAL ECONOMY WELFARE INCENTIVES EQUILIBRIUM VARIABLES ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY SUBSIDY SAFETY STANDARDS INPUTS TRADE CONCESSIONS DUMPING ITC PAYMENTS SAFETY REGULATIONS MARKET ACCESS PROTECTIONISM FREE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENTS DEVELOPMENT EXPORT BARRIERS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS INFLUENCE COLLUSION COSTS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS IMPORT QUOTAS DOMESTIC PRODUCERS FIXED COSTS EXCHANGE RATES EXTERNALITIES MONOPOLY RECIPROCAL REDUCTION IMPERFECT COMPETITION QUOTAS CRITERIA CENTRALIZATION MARKETS NET EXPORTS WTO CARTEL ACCESS ECONOMICS LITERATURE TRADE POLICY CONSUMER CHOICE UTILITY NATURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY SUBSIDIES TRADE POLICIES ECONOMIC RESEARCH TAXES IMPORT TARIFFS EXTERNALITY CONSUMPTION MULTIPLIER EFFECT VALUE ADDED INTERNATIONAL TRADE ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS COMPETITION POLICY FINANCIAL CRISIS VALUE COMPETITIVENESS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY CONCESSIONS PATENTS UTILITY FUNCTION INEFFICIENCY ECONOMY AGRICULTURE CONSUMERS TARIFF BARRIERS MEASUREMENT BENCHMARK ECONOMIC THEORY TRADE LIBERALIZATION SHALLOW INTEGRATION ECONOMICS WORLD TRADING SYSTEM CLOSED ECONOMY MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS BUSINESS CYCLES TAXATION TRADE ECONOMIC INTEGRATION FOREIGN COMPETITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION GDP GOODS THEORY ECONOMIES OF SCALE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES BILATERAL TRADE INVESTMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES PREFERENTIAL TRADE TARIFF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE DECENTRALIZATION NASH EQUILIBRIUM MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION WORLD TRADE PRICE CONTROLS CONSUMPTION LEVELS OUTCOMES POSITIVE EFFECTS PRICES CONSUMER PROTECTION BENEFITS PRODUCTION COSTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY COMPETITION FUTURE RESEARCH Ederington, Josh Ruta, Michele Non-Tariff Measures and the World Trading System
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7661
description	With the success of the World Trade Organization and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, in reducing conventional tariff barriers, much of the recent focus of regional and multilateral trade agreements has switched to non-tariff measures, both border and behind-the-border policies. This paper considers the recent empirical and theoretical literature on non-tariff measures in the world trading system. It provides a set of stylized facts based on available data on non-tariff measures and reviews the key methods used to estimate their trade impact. It considers the theoretical treatment of these measures in the trade literature with a focus on the rules and institutions that govern non-tariff measures in the world trading system. It discusses some of the major issues regarding international cooperation in these policy areas, in particular whether such cooperation should entail deep integration (involving precise legally binding obligations) or shallow integration (which allows countries greater discretion in the setting of non-tariff measures). Finally, this paper reviews some of the specific features the World Trade Organization uses in dealing with non-tariff measures such as national treatment rules and non-violation complaints, and considers policy options beyond the WTO such as harmonization and mutual recognition of standards.
format	Working Paper
author	Ederington, Josh Ruta, Michele
author_facet	Ederington, Josh Ruta, Michele
author_sort	Ederington, Josh
title	Non-Tariff Measures and the World Trading System
title_short	Non-Tariff Measures and the World Trading System
title_full	Non-Tariff Measures and the World Trading System
title_fullStr	Non-Tariff Measures and the World Trading System
title_full_unstemmed	Non-Tariff Measures and the World Trading System
title_sort	non-tariff measures and the world trading system
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2016
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/05/26345621/non-tariff-measures-world-trading-system http://hdl.handle.net/10986/24499
_version_	1764456878890287104

Non-Tariff Measures and the World Trading System

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