Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2010 : Recovering from the Crisis

This edition of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regional economic update concerns the region recovering from the financial crisis along with the global economy. Growth in 2010 is expected to be 4.4 percent region-wide, driven by domestic ab...

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Main Authors: Ianchovichina, Elena, Mottaghi, Lili, Carey, Kevin, Spivak, Nadia, Farazi, Subika, Silwal, Ani
Format: Report
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2016
Subjects:
CDS
CPI
NPL
OIL
TAX
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/04/12514848/world-bank-middle-east-north-africa-region-regional-economic-update-recovering-crisis
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23977
id okr-10986-23977
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
BALANCE SHEETS
BANK CREDITORS
BANK PROFITABILITY
BANKING SECTOR
BANKING SECTORS
BANKING SYSTEM
BARRIERS TO ENTRY
BASIS POINTS
BOND
BORROWING COSTS
BRANCH NETWORKS
CAPITAL FLOWS
CDS
CENTRAL BANK
CENTRAL BANKS
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMODITY PRICES
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
COUNTRY DEBT
COUPON
COUPON PAYMENT
CPI
CREDIT DEFAULT
CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP
CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS
CREDIT GROWTH
CREDIT RISK
CREDITOR
CREDITOR CLAIMS
CREDITORS
CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUSES
DEBT
DEBT CRISIS
DEBT FINANCING
DEBT FLOWS
DEBT ISSUES
DEBT MARKETS
DEBT OVERHANG
DEBT RESTRUCTURING
DEBT STOCK
DEBTS
DEMAND FOR CREDIT
DEPOSIT
DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS
DEPOSITS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRY
DOMESTIC BANKING
DOMESTIC BANKS
DOMESTIC BORROWING
DOMESTIC CURRENCY
DOMESTIC DEBT
DOMESTIC DEBT MARKETS
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL MARKETS
DOMESTIC MARKETS
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EMERGING ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKETS
EQUITY MARKETS
EXCHANGE RATE
EXPENDITURE
EXPENDITURES
EXPORT GROWTH
EXPORT SHARES
EXPORTERS
EXTERNAL DEBT
FACE VALUE
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
FINANCIAL SECTOR INDICATORS
FINANCIAL SHOCK
FINANCIAL STABILITY
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FISCAL DEFICIT
FISCAL DEFICITS
FISCAL POLICIES
FISCAL POLICY
FOREIGN BANK
FOREIGN BANK PARTICIPATION
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
GLOBAL ECONOMY
GLOBAL TRADE
GOVERNMENT DEBT
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
GOVERNMENT SPENDING
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
HOLDING
HOUSEHOLD INCOMES
IMPLICIT SOVEREIGN GUARANTEE
INCOME GROWTH
INFLATION
INFLATION INDEX
INFLATIONARY PRESSURES
INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS
INTEREST RATE
INTERMEDIATE INPUTS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL DEBT
INTERNATIONAL DEBT MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS
INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
INVENTORIES
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT ACTIVITY
INVESTMENT CLIMATE
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
INVESTMENT PROJECTS
INVESTMENT RATES
INVESTOR CONFIDENCE
ISLAMIC BANKS
ISLAMIC BONDS
LABOR FORCE
LABOR MARKET
LEGAL PROTECTION
LEGAL RIGHTS
LEVEL PLAYING FIELD
LIQUIDITY
LIQUIDITY RISKS
LOAN
LOAN RATES
MARKET ANALYSTS
MARKET DEVELOPMENTS
MARKET DISCIPLINE
MARKET PARTICIPANTS
MARKET PLAYERS
MATURITY
METALS
MICROFINANCE
MONETARY FUND
MONETARY POLICIES
NEGATIVE SHOCK
NON PERFORMING LOANS
NONPERFORMING LOAN
NPL
OIL
OIL BOOM
OIL PRICE
OIL PRICES
OPEC
PENSION
PENSION FUNDS
POLICY RESPONSES
POPULATION GROWTH
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIO FLOWS
PORTFOLIOS
POST-CRISIS PERIOD
PRICE INDEXES
PRICE VOLATILITY
PRIVATE BANKS
PRIVATE CONSUMPTION
PRIVATE DEBT
PRIVATE DEBT FLOWS
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT
PRODUCERS
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
PROVISIONING RULES
PRUDENTIAL SUPERVISION
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FINANCES
PUBLIC INVESTMENTS
PUBLIC REGISTRY
PUBLIC SPENDING
PURCHASING POWER
REAL ESTATE LENDING
REGULATORY STRUCTURES
REGULATORY SYSTEMS
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCE SERVICE
REMITTANCES
RESERVES
RETURN
RETURNS
RISK AVERSION
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
RISK PREMIUMS
SECURITIES
SETTLEMENT
SOLVENCY
STATE BANKS
STOCK MARKET
STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION
STOCK MARKET INDEX
STOCK MARKETS
STOCKS
STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS
SUKUK
SWAP
TAX
TERMS OF TRADE
TRADABLE DEBT
TRADE CREDIT
TRADE CREDITORS
TRADE FINANCE
TRADE LIBERALIZATION
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TREASURIES
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
WORKING CAPITAL
spellingShingle BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
BALANCE SHEETS
BANK CREDITORS
BANK PROFITABILITY
BANKING SECTOR
BANKING SECTORS
BANKING SYSTEM
BARRIERS TO ENTRY
BASIS POINTS
BOND
BORROWING COSTS
BRANCH NETWORKS
CAPITAL FLOWS
CDS
CENTRAL BANK
CENTRAL BANKS
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMODITY PRICES
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
COUNTRY DEBT
COUPON
COUPON PAYMENT
CPI
CREDIT DEFAULT
CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP
CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS
CREDIT GROWTH
CREDIT RISK
CREDITOR
CREDITOR CLAIMS
CREDITORS
CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUSES
DEBT
DEBT CRISIS
DEBT FINANCING
DEBT FLOWS
DEBT ISSUES
DEBT MARKETS
DEBT OVERHANG
DEBT RESTRUCTURING
DEBT STOCK
DEBTS
DEMAND FOR CREDIT
DEPOSIT
DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS
DEPOSITS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRY
DOMESTIC BANKING
DOMESTIC BANKS
DOMESTIC BORROWING
DOMESTIC CURRENCY
DOMESTIC DEBT
DOMESTIC DEBT MARKETS
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL MARKETS
DOMESTIC MARKETS
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EMERGING ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKETS
EQUITY MARKETS
EXCHANGE RATE
EXPENDITURE
EXPENDITURES
EXPORT GROWTH
EXPORT SHARES
EXPORTERS
EXTERNAL DEBT
FACE VALUE
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
FINANCIAL SECTOR INDICATORS
FINANCIAL SHOCK
FINANCIAL STABILITY
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FISCAL DEFICIT
FISCAL DEFICITS
FISCAL POLICIES
FISCAL POLICY
FOREIGN BANK
FOREIGN BANK PARTICIPATION
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
GLOBAL ECONOMY
GLOBAL TRADE
GOVERNMENT DEBT
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
GOVERNMENT SPENDING
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
HOLDING
HOUSEHOLD INCOMES
IMPLICIT SOVEREIGN GUARANTEE
INCOME GROWTH
INFLATION
INFLATION INDEX
INFLATIONARY PRESSURES
INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS
INTEREST RATE
INTERMEDIATE INPUTS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL DEBT
INTERNATIONAL DEBT MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS
INTERNATIONAL MARKETS
INVENTORIES
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT ACTIVITY
INVESTMENT CLIMATE
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
INVESTMENT PROJECTS
INVESTMENT RATES
INVESTOR CONFIDENCE
ISLAMIC BANKS
ISLAMIC BONDS
LABOR FORCE
LABOR MARKET
LEGAL PROTECTION
LEGAL RIGHTS
LEVEL PLAYING FIELD
LIQUIDITY
LIQUIDITY RISKS
LOAN
LOAN RATES
MARKET ANALYSTS
MARKET DEVELOPMENTS
MARKET DISCIPLINE
MARKET PARTICIPANTS
MARKET PLAYERS
MATURITY
METALS
MICROFINANCE
MONETARY FUND
MONETARY POLICIES
NEGATIVE SHOCK
NON PERFORMING LOANS
NONPERFORMING LOAN
NPL
OIL
OIL BOOM
OIL PRICE
OIL PRICES
OPEC
PENSION
PENSION FUNDS
POLICY RESPONSES
POPULATION GROWTH
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIO FLOWS
PORTFOLIOS
POST-CRISIS PERIOD
PRICE INDEXES
PRICE VOLATILITY
PRIVATE BANKS
PRIVATE CONSUMPTION
PRIVATE DEBT
PRIVATE DEBT FLOWS
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT
PRODUCERS
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
PROVISIONING RULES
PRUDENTIAL SUPERVISION
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FINANCES
PUBLIC INVESTMENTS
PUBLIC REGISTRY
PUBLIC SPENDING
PURCHASING POWER
REAL ESTATE LENDING
REGULATORY STRUCTURES
REGULATORY SYSTEMS
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCE SERVICE
REMITTANCES
RESERVES
RETURN
RETURNS
RISK AVERSION
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
RISK PREMIUMS
SECURITIES
SETTLEMENT
SOLVENCY
STATE BANKS
STOCK MARKET
STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION
STOCK MARKET INDEX
STOCK MARKETS
STOCKS
STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS
SUKUK
SWAP
TAX
TERMS OF TRADE
TRADABLE DEBT
TRADE CREDIT
TRADE CREDITORS
TRADE FINANCE
TRADE LIBERALIZATION
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TREASURIES
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
WORKING CAPITAL
Ianchovichina, Elena
Mottaghi, Lili
Carey, Kevin
Spivak, Nadia
Farazi, Subika
Silwal, Ani
Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2010 : Recovering from the Crisis
geographic_facet Middle East and North Africa
description This edition of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regional economic update concerns the region recovering from the financial crisis along with the global economy. Growth in 2010 is expected to be 4.4 percent region-wide, driven by domestic absorption as well as a positive contribution from external demand. The recovery from the crisis differs by country depending on initial conditions and the intensity of the impact via the three principal channels through which the global financial crisis affected MENA economies-the financial sector, the price of oil, and the balance of payments, reflecting the impact on trade, remittances and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are leading the regional recovery as oil prices have rebounded and the GCC financial sector is stabilizing. Developing oil exporters felt the impact of the crisis, and now the recovery, largely through the oil price channel, due to the limited integration of their banking sectors into global financial markets and the importance of oil in their exports. The oil importers were affected by the crisis through the secondary effects on trade, remittances, and FDI flows, so their recovery will depend crucially on the recovery in key markets, especially the EU and the GCC countries. High unemployment has been a problem in MENA for years, and the crisis has dimmed prospects for improvements in the near term. Ample oil and gas resources, a youthful and growing workforce, and a growing momentum to look for ways to diversify their economies imply that the growth potential of the region is high, but MENA countries continue to face formidable longer term challenges. Ensuring access to finance without compromising financial stability will be a major challenge in MENA, although issues related to weak regulatory systems, corporate governance and overdependence on the banking system also loom large. Key problems of the business environment in MENA include policy and regulatory uncertainty and discretion in implementing reforms which prevent a level playing field for all firms and encourage the pursuit of privileged access. These problems, coupled with barriers to entry and exit, have created an environment of stagnation. Addressing these issues will require applying rules and regulations consistently and without discrimination among firms and introducing reforms that promote business dynamism, private investment, and innovation.
format Report
author Ianchovichina, Elena
Mottaghi, Lili
Carey, Kevin
Spivak, Nadia
Farazi, Subika
Silwal, Ani
author_facet Ianchovichina, Elena
Mottaghi, Lili
Carey, Kevin
Spivak, Nadia
Farazi, Subika
Silwal, Ani
author_sort Ianchovichina, Elena
title Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2010 : Recovering from the Crisis
title_short Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2010 : Recovering from the Crisis
title_full Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2010 : Recovering from the Crisis
title_fullStr Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2010 : Recovering from the Crisis
title_full_unstemmed Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2010 : Recovering from the Crisis
title_sort middle east and north africa economic update, april 2010 : recovering from the crisis
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2016
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/04/12514848/world-bank-middle-east-north-africa-region-regional-economic-update-recovering-crisis
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23977
_version_ 1764455322713325568
spelling okr-10986-239772021-04-23T14:04:18Z Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2010 : Recovering from the Crisis Ianchovichina, Elena Mottaghi, Lili Carey, Kevin Spivak, Nadia Farazi, Subika Silwal, Ani BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BALANCE SHEETS BANK CREDITORS BANK PROFITABILITY BANKING SECTOR BANKING SECTORS BANKING SYSTEM BARRIERS TO ENTRY BASIS POINTS BOND BORROWING COSTS BRANCH NETWORKS CAPITAL FLOWS CDS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMODITY PRICES CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COUNTRY DEBT COUPON COUPON PAYMENT CPI CREDIT DEFAULT CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS CREDIT GROWTH CREDIT RISK CREDITOR CREDITOR CLAIMS CREDITORS CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUSES DEBT DEBT CRISIS DEBT FINANCING DEBT FLOWS DEBT ISSUES DEBT MARKETS DEBT OVERHANG DEBT RESTRUCTURING DEBT STOCK DEBTS DEMAND FOR CREDIT DEPOSIT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS DEPOSITS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOMESTIC BANKING DOMESTIC BANKS DOMESTIC BORROWING DOMESTIC CURRENCY DOMESTIC DEBT DOMESTIC DEBT MARKETS DOMESTIC FINANCIAL MARKETS DOMESTIC MARKETS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GROWTH EMERGING ECONOMIES EMERGING MARKETS EQUITY MARKETS EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT SHARES EXPORTERS EXTERNAL DEBT FACE VALUE FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INFORMATION FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SECTOR INDICATORS FINANCIAL SHOCK FINANCIAL STABILITY FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINANCIAL SYSTEM FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FOREIGN BANK FOREIGN BANK PARTICIPATION FOREIGN DEBT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HOLDING HOUSEHOLD INCOMES IMPLICIT SOVEREIGN GUARANTEE INCOME GROWTH INFLATION INFLATION INDEX INFLATIONARY PRESSURES INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS INTEREST RATE INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL DEBT INTERNATIONAL DEBT MARKETS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INVENTORIES INVENTORY INVESTMENT ACTIVITY INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES INVESTMENT PROJECTS INVESTMENT RATES INVESTOR CONFIDENCE ISLAMIC BANKS ISLAMIC BONDS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LEGAL PROTECTION LEGAL RIGHTS LEVEL PLAYING FIELD LIQUIDITY LIQUIDITY RISKS LOAN LOAN RATES MARKET ANALYSTS MARKET DEVELOPMENTS MARKET DISCIPLINE MARKET PARTICIPANTS MARKET PLAYERS MATURITY METALS MICROFINANCE MONETARY FUND MONETARY POLICIES NEGATIVE SHOCK NON PERFORMING LOANS NONPERFORMING LOAN NPL OIL OIL BOOM OIL PRICE OIL PRICES OPEC PENSION PENSION FUNDS POLICY RESPONSES POPULATION GROWTH PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO FLOWS PORTFOLIOS POST-CRISIS PERIOD PRICE INDEXES PRICE VOLATILITY PRIVATE BANKS PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE DEBT PRIVATE DEBT FLOWS PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS PROVISIONING RULES PRUDENTIAL SUPERVISION PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC REGISTRY PUBLIC SPENDING PURCHASING POWER REAL ESTATE LENDING REGULATORY STRUCTURES REGULATORY SYSTEMS REMITTANCE REMITTANCE SERVICE REMITTANCES RESERVES RETURN RETURNS RISK AVERSION RISK MANAGEMENT RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS RISK PREMIUMS SECURITIES SETTLEMENT SOLVENCY STATE BANKS STOCK MARKET STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION STOCK MARKET INDEX STOCK MARKETS STOCKS STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS SUKUK SWAP TAX TERMS OF TRADE TRADABLE DEBT TRADE CREDIT TRADE CREDITORS TRADE FINANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TREASURIES UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WORKING CAPITAL This edition of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regional economic update concerns the region recovering from the financial crisis along with the global economy. Growth in 2010 is expected to be 4.4 percent region-wide, driven by domestic absorption as well as a positive contribution from external demand. The recovery from the crisis differs by country depending on initial conditions and the intensity of the impact via the three principal channels through which the global financial crisis affected MENA economies-the financial sector, the price of oil, and the balance of payments, reflecting the impact on trade, remittances and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are leading the regional recovery as oil prices have rebounded and the GCC financial sector is stabilizing. Developing oil exporters felt the impact of the crisis, and now the recovery, largely through the oil price channel, due to the limited integration of their banking sectors into global financial markets and the importance of oil in their exports. The oil importers were affected by the crisis through the secondary effects on trade, remittances, and FDI flows, so their recovery will depend crucially on the recovery in key markets, especially the EU and the GCC countries. High unemployment has been a problem in MENA for years, and the crisis has dimmed prospects for improvements in the near term. Ample oil and gas resources, a youthful and growing workforce, and a growing momentum to look for ways to diversify their economies imply that the growth potential of the region is high, but MENA countries continue to face formidable longer term challenges. Ensuring access to finance without compromising financial stability will be a major challenge in MENA, although issues related to weak regulatory systems, corporate governance and overdependence on the banking system also loom large. Key problems of the business environment in MENA include policy and regulatory uncertainty and discretion in implementing reforms which prevent a level playing field for all firms and encourage the pursuit of privileged access. These problems, coupled with barriers to entry and exit, have created an environment of stagnation. Addressing these issues will require applying rules and regulations consistently and without discrimination among firms and introducing reforms that promote business dynamism, private investment, and innovation. 2016-03-30T20:02:57Z 2016-03-30T20:02:57Z 2010-04-01 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/04/12514848/world-bank-middle-east-north-africa-region-regional-economic-update-recovering-crisis http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23977 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work Economic & Sector Work :: Economic Updates and Modeling Middle East and North Africa