Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty : Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts
People living in poverty are particularly vulnerable to shocks, including those caused by natural disasters such as floods and droughts. Previous studies in local contexts have shown that poor people are also often overrepresented in hazard-prone a...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2015
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25250857/disaster-risk-climate-change-poverty-assessing-global-exposure-poor-people-floods-droughts http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23437 |
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okr-10986-23437 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
FLOODING POOR PEOPLE RISKS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY LINE IMPACT ON POVERTY STORM SPATIAL SCALE FLOOD PROTECTION UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HYDROLOGIC CYCLE TOPOGRAPHY POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS INCOME DISASTER‐RISK DISCHARGE HYDROLOGY MONITORING RESERVOIRS HOUSING DEATH SURFACE WATER LAND SCARCITY NATIONAL POVERTY POOR PEOPLE FLOOD PROTECTION DISASTER WETLAND AREAS DAMAGES INCOME GAP GLOBAL POVERTY QUALITY MEASURES DISASTER EVENTS HOUSEHOLD‐LEVEL DATA EXTREME WEATHER HURRICANES LAND PRICES SAFETY NETS POVERTY REDUCTION STREAM RURAL POPULATIONS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS SAVINGS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RESERVOIR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY NATURAL DISASTER DROUGHT CONDITIONS WATER AVAILABILITY SUBSISTENCE FARMERS FLOODS PLAINS FLOODED NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL HAZARD TRANSFERS NATURAL DISASTERS WAVES HOUSEHOLD INCOME POVERTY MAPS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY DISASTERS HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INDICATORS CLIMATE CHANGE PRECIPITATION PATTERNS CASE STUDIES FARMERS PRECIPITATION RUNOFF CLASSIFICATION COASTAL AREAS IMPACT ON POVERTY POVERTY MAPS POVERTY DATA DROUGHTS NATURAL HAZARDS STUDIES DISASTER REDUCTION ESTIMATES OF POVERTY DISASTER RISK CLIMATE CHANGE DROUGHT POOR POLICY IMPACT OF DISASTER NATURAL HAZARD NATIONAL SCALE RURAL LEVEL POVERTY LINE BANK HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS EXTREME EVENTS POOR COUNTRIES FLOOD DAMAGE CLIMATE LAND SCARCITY EL NINO WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS HOUSEHOLD SIZE DAMAGE NATURAL DISASTER RURAL SAMPLE SIZE PONDS DIKES URBAN SETTINGS FLOOD FOOD HUMAN DEVELOPMENT POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES RURAL GAPS DATA SETS DEATH TOLL TARGETING POVERTY INDICATORS WATER AVAILABILITY RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS CLIMATIC CHANGE LAKES LAND SUBSISTENCE FARMERS ECOSYSTEMS FLOOD PLAINS ANALYSIS UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FLOOD DAMAGES COAST HURRICANE OBSERVATIONS RIVERINE RISK GROUNDWATER MITIGATION POOR HOUSEHOLDS ARID REGIONS HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS SAMPLING RURAL AREAS POVERTY WETLAND DROUGHT RISK SOUTHERN OSCILLATION CLIMATE CONDITIONS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY RISK MANAGEMENT POOR AGREEMENT EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS DISASTER RISK RISK MANAGEMENT NATIONAL‐SCALE WEATHER EVENTS SAFETY LAND PRICES WETLANDS POOR COUNTRIES LAND‐USE NATURAL HAZARDS RECONSTRUCTION NATURAL DISASTERS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INEQUALITY RIVER POOR HOUSEHOLDS FLOW REGIMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY |
| spellingShingle |
FLOODING POOR PEOPLE RISKS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY LINE IMPACT ON POVERTY STORM SPATIAL SCALE FLOOD PROTECTION UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HYDROLOGIC CYCLE TOPOGRAPHY POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS INCOME DISASTER‐RISK DISCHARGE HYDROLOGY MONITORING RESERVOIRS HOUSING DEATH SURFACE WATER LAND SCARCITY NATIONAL POVERTY POOR PEOPLE FLOOD PROTECTION DISASTER WETLAND AREAS DAMAGES INCOME GAP GLOBAL POVERTY QUALITY MEASURES DISASTER EVENTS HOUSEHOLD‐LEVEL DATA EXTREME WEATHER HURRICANES LAND PRICES SAFETY NETS POVERTY REDUCTION STREAM RURAL POPULATIONS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS SAVINGS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RESERVOIR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY NATURAL DISASTER DROUGHT CONDITIONS WATER AVAILABILITY SUBSISTENCE FARMERS FLOODS PLAINS FLOODED NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL HAZARD TRANSFERS NATURAL DISASTERS WAVES HOUSEHOLD INCOME POVERTY MAPS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY DISASTERS HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INDICATORS CLIMATE CHANGE PRECIPITATION PATTERNS CASE STUDIES FARMERS PRECIPITATION RUNOFF CLASSIFICATION COASTAL AREAS IMPACT ON POVERTY POVERTY MAPS POVERTY DATA DROUGHTS NATURAL HAZARDS STUDIES DISASTER REDUCTION ESTIMATES OF POVERTY DISASTER RISK CLIMATE CHANGE DROUGHT POOR POLICY IMPACT OF DISASTER NATURAL HAZARD NATIONAL SCALE RURAL LEVEL POVERTY LINE BANK HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS EXTREME EVENTS POOR COUNTRIES FLOOD DAMAGE CLIMATE LAND SCARCITY EL NINO WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS HOUSEHOLD SIZE DAMAGE NATURAL DISASTER RURAL SAMPLE SIZE PONDS DIKES URBAN SETTINGS FLOOD FOOD HUMAN DEVELOPMENT POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES RURAL GAPS DATA SETS DEATH TOLL TARGETING POVERTY INDICATORS WATER AVAILABILITY RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS CLIMATIC CHANGE LAKES LAND SUBSISTENCE FARMERS ECOSYSTEMS FLOOD PLAINS ANALYSIS UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FLOOD DAMAGES COAST HURRICANE OBSERVATIONS RIVERINE RISK GROUNDWATER MITIGATION POOR HOUSEHOLDS ARID REGIONS HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS SAMPLING RURAL AREAS POVERTY WETLAND DROUGHT RISK SOUTHERN OSCILLATION CLIMATE CONDITIONS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY RISK MANAGEMENT POOR AGREEMENT EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS DISASTER RISK RISK MANAGEMENT NATIONAL‐SCALE WEATHER EVENTS SAFETY LAND PRICES WETLANDS POOR COUNTRIES LAND‐USE NATURAL HAZARDS RECONSTRUCTION NATURAL DISASTERS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INEQUALITY RIVER POOR HOUSEHOLDS FLOW REGIMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY Winsemius, Hessel C. Jongman, Brenden Veldkamp, Ted I.E. Hallegatte, Stephane Bangalore, Mook Ward, Philip J. Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty : Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7480 |
| description |
People living in poverty are
particularly vulnerable to shocks, including those caused by
natural disasters such as floods and droughts. Previous
studies in local contexts have shown that poor people are
also often overrepresented in hazard-prone areas. However,
systematic evidence across countries demonstrating this
finding is lacking. This paper analyzes at the country level
whether poor people are disproportionally exposed to floods
and droughts, and how this exposure may change in a future
climate. To this end, household survey data with spatial
identifiers from 52 countries are combined with present-day
and future flood and drought hazard maps. The paper defines
and calculates a “poverty exposure bias” and finds support
that poor people are often overexposed to droughts and urban
floods. For floods, no such signal is found for rural
households, suggesting that different mechanisms—such as
land scarcity—are more important drivers in urban areas. The
poverty exposure bias does not change significantly under
future climate scenarios, although the absolute number of
people potentially exposed to floods or droughts can
increase or decrease significantly, depending on the
scenario and the region. The study finds some evidence of
regional patterns: in particular, many countries in Africa
exhibit a positive poverty exposure bias for floods and
droughts. For these hot spots, implementing risk-sensitive
land-use and development policies that protect poor people
should be a priority. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Winsemius, Hessel C. Jongman, Brenden Veldkamp, Ted I.E. Hallegatte, Stephane Bangalore, Mook Ward, Philip J. |
| author_facet |
Winsemius, Hessel C. Jongman, Brenden Veldkamp, Ted I.E. Hallegatte, Stephane Bangalore, Mook Ward, Philip J. |
| author_sort |
Winsemius, Hessel C. |
| title |
Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty : Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts |
| title_short |
Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty : Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts |
| title_full |
Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty : Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts |
| title_fullStr |
Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty : Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty : Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts |
| title_sort |
disaster risk, climate change, and poverty : assessing the global exposure of poor people to floods and droughts |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25250857/disaster-risk-climate-change-poverty-assessing-global-exposure-poor-people-floods-droughts http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23437 |
| _version_ |
1764453843790200832 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-234372021-04-23T14:04:15Z Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty : Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts Winsemius, Hessel C. Jongman, Brenden Veldkamp, Ted I.E. Hallegatte, Stephane Bangalore, Mook Ward, Philip J. FLOODING POOR PEOPLE RISKS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY LINE IMPACT ON POVERTY STORM SPATIAL SCALE FLOOD PROTECTION UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HYDROLOGIC CYCLE TOPOGRAPHY POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS INCOME DISASTER‐RISK DISCHARGE HYDROLOGY MONITORING RESERVOIRS HOUSING DEATH SURFACE WATER LAND SCARCITY NATIONAL POVERTY POOR PEOPLE FLOOD PROTECTION DISASTER WETLAND AREAS DAMAGES INCOME GAP GLOBAL POVERTY QUALITY MEASURES DISASTER EVENTS HOUSEHOLD‐LEVEL DATA EXTREME WEATHER HURRICANES LAND PRICES SAFETY NETS POVERTY REDUCTION STREAM RURAL POPULATIONS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS SAVINGS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RESERVOIR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY NATURAL DISASTER DROUGHT CONDITIONS WATER AVAILABILITY SUBSISTENCE FARMERS FLOODS PLAINS FLOODED NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL HAZARD TRANSFERS NATURAL DISASTERS WAVES HOUSEHOLD INCOME POVERTY MAPS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY DISASTERS HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INDICATORS CLIMATE CHANGE PRECIPITATION PATTERNS CASE STUDIES FARMERS PRECIPITATION RUNOFF CLASSIFICATION COASTAL AREAS IMPACT ON POVERTY POVERTY MAPS POVERTY DATA DROUGHTS NATURAL HAZARDS STUDIES DISASTER REDUCTION ESTIMATES OF POVERTY DISASTER RISK CLIMATE CHANGE DROUGHT POOR POLICY IMPACT OF DISASTER NATURAL HAZARD NATIONAL SCALE RURAL LEVEL POVERTY LINE BANK HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS EXTREME EVENTS POOR COUNTRIES FLOOD DAMAGE CLIMATE LAND SCARCITY EL NINO WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS HOUSEHOLD SIZE DAMAGE NATURAL DISASTER RURAL SAMPLE SIZE PONDS DIKES URBAN SETTINGS FLOOD FOOD HUMAN DEVELOPMENT POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES RURAL GAPS DATA SETS DEATH TOLL TARGETING POVERTY INDICATORS WATER AVAILABILITY RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS CLIMATIC CHANGE LAKES LAND SUBSISTENCE FARMERS ECOSYSTEMS FLOOD PLAINS ANALYSIS UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FLOOD DAMAGES COAST HURRICANE OBSERVATIONS RIVERINE RISK GROUNDWATER MITIGATION POOR HOUSEHOLDS ARID REGIONS HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS SAMPLING RURAL AREAS POVERTY WETLAND DROUGHT RISK SOUTHERN OSCILLATION CLIMATE CONDITIONS ESTIMATES OF POVERTY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY RISK MANAGEMENT POOR AGREEMENT EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS DISASTER RISK RISK MANAGEMENT NATIONAL‐SCALE WEATHER EVENTS SAFETY LAND PRICES WETLANDS POOR COUNTRIES LAND‐USE NATURAL HAZARDS RECONSTRUCTION NATURAL DISASTERS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INEQUALITY RIVER POOR HOUSEHOLDS FLOW REGIMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY People living in poverty are particularly vulnerable to shocks, including those caused by natural disasters such as floods and droughts. Previous studies in local contexts have shown that poor people are also often overrepresented in hazard-prone areas. However, systematic evidence across countries demonstrating this finding is lacking. This paper analyzes at the country level whether poor people are disproportionally exposed to floods and droughts, and how this exposure may change in a future climate. To this end, household survey data with spatial identifiers from 52 countries are combined with present-day and future flood and drought hazard maps. The paper defines and calculates a “poverty exposure bias” and finds support that poor people are often overexposed to droughts and urban floods. For floods, no such signal is found for rural households, suggesting that different mechanisms—such as land scarcity—are more important drivers in urban areas. The poverty exposure bias does not change significantly under future climate scenarios, although the absolute number of people potentially exposed to floods or droughts can increase or decrease significantly, depending on the scenario and the region. The study finds some evidence of regional patterns: in particular, many countries in Africa exhibit a positive poverty exposure bias for floods and droughts. For these hot spots, implementing risk-sensitive land-use and development policies that protect poor people should be a priority. 2015-12-18T19:18:25Z 2015-12-18T19:18:25Z 2015-11 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25250857/disaster-risk-climate-change-poverty-assessing-global-exposure-poor-people-floods-droughts http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23437 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7480 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |