Gender and Macroeconomic Policy

This report aims to show how macroeconomic policies create differential opportunities for women and men. This volume comprises nine chapters covering four broad themes: gender as a category of analysis in macroeconomics; the implications of gender...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Nallari, Raj, Griffith, Breda
Format:	Publication
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO RESOURCES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES BANK LOANS BIASES BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BIRTHS BORROWING CAPITAL ACCOUNTS CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATES CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS CREDIT ASSOCIATION CREDIT MARKETS DEBT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DISPARITIES BETWEEN GIRLS DISPOSABLE INCOME DISSEMINATION DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION ECONOMIC CRISES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC ROLE OF WOMEN EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EFFECTS OF GENDER EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ENROLLMENT ENTREPRENEURS EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES EQUAL PAY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FAMILIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY WELFARE FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LITERACY FEMALE POPULATION FEMINISM FEMINIST FEMINIST ECONOMICS FEMINISTS FINANCE ACCESS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL SERVICES FISCAL POLICIES FORMAL EDUCATION GENDER GENDER ADVISERS GENDER ANALYSIS GENDER ASYMMETRIES GENDER AWARENESS GENDER BIASES GENDER BLIND GENDER BUDGETING GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIMENSIONS GENDER DISCRIMINATION GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER DISPARITY GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUALITY GOALS GENDER EQUALITY IN RIGHTS GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GENDER INDICATORS GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ISSUES GENDER MAINSTREAMING GENDER NEUTRAL GENDER NORMS GENDER PARITY GENDER RELATIONS GENDER ROLES GENDER SENSITIVE GENDER SPECIFIC GENDER STATISTICS GENDER-RELATED ISSUES GIRLS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT HOUSEHOLD CHORES HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES HUSBANDS IDS ILLITERACY ILLNESS IMMUNIZATION IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIVIDUAL CHOICES INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMATION SERVICE INTEGRATION OF GENDER INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOUR MARKET LABOUR ORGANIZATION LACK OF ACCESS LAND OWNERSHIP LEGAL ABORTIONS LEGAL STATUS LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LITERACY RATES LIVE BIRTHS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MAINSTREAMING GENDER MARKET ECONOMY MARRIED WOMEN MATERNAL HEALTH MICROCREDIT MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MOTHER NUTRITION OLDER WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN PARLIAMENTARY SEATS PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN DECISION PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES POINT OF DEPARTURE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLYGAMY PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLAGE PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC POLICY PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RAPE REPRODUCTIVE ROLES RESPECT ROLE OF GENDER RURAL AREAS SAVINGS SAVINGS RATE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION SECONDARY EDUCATION SELF-EMPLOYMENT SEX SEX DIFFERENCES SEX DISCRIMINATION SEX DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN SEX RATIO SEXES SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR SEXUALITY SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL ENTERPRISE SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL SCIENCES SOURCES OF INCOME STATUS OF WOMEN TERTIARY EDUCATION UNDP UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNESCO UNIFEM UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME URBAN AREAS VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WID WOMAN WOMEN FARMERS WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT WOMEN IN EDUCATION WORK EXPERIENCE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG WOMEN
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000356161_20110117052943 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2256

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Summary:	This report aims to show how macroeconomic policies create differential opportunities for women and men. This volume comprises nine chapters covering four broad themes: gender as a category of analysis in macroeconomics; the implications of gender for macroeconomic aggregates, in particular consumption and economic growth; the role of gender in the labor market, globalization, and access to credit; and gender budgeting. Chapters one and two address the first theme. Chapter one focuses on the macroeconomic cost to growth and development that arises from rigid gender roles and associated gender asymmetries. Chapter two documents the progress made in gender mainstreaming by highlighting developments in data collection and monitoring that have moved beyond simply disaggregating data by male and female. Chapters three and four cover the second theme. Chapter three considers the role of gender relations in the macroeconomic aggregates of consumption, savings, investment, and government expenditure and the implications for macroeconomic policy in these areas. Chapter four examines gender relations and economic growth. Chapters five through seven focus on the third theme. Chapter five examines the labor market. Chapter six examines how globalization affects gender relations, particularly employment. Chapter seven concentrates on women's access to finance and documents gender asymmetries in this market. Chapter eight, on the fourth theme, highlights the impact fiscal policies have on gender relations. It documents how policy can be made more gender specific and reports on the progress made by countries that have adopted gender-responsive government budgeting. Chapter nine summarizes what is known about gender and macroeconomic policy, noting areas in which the literature is well developed as well as areas that require further research and study.

Gender and Macroeconomic Policy

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