Does Longer Compulsory Education Equalize Schooling by Gender and Rural/Urban Residence?

This study examines the effects of the extension of compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years in Turkey in 1997—which involved substantial investment in school infrastructure—on schooling outcomes and, in particular, on the equality of these outcomes...

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Main Authors:	Kırdar, Murat G., Dayıoğlu, Meltem, Koç, İsmet
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	SKILLS CHILD HEALTH FEMALE EDUCATION SOCIAL NORMS WORKFORCE BASIC EDUCATION ECONOMIC GROWTH FORMAL EDUCATION TEACHERS SCHOOLING TUITION ENROLLMENT RURAL WOMEN GROUPS POLICY CHANGE COMPULSORY EDUCATION LABOR FORCE RESOURCE ALLOCATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CLASSROOM RATIO RURAL CHILDREN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL POLICY DISCUSSIONS PUBLICATIONS GRADE COMPLETION RATE SOCIAL PROGRAMS FUTURE GENERATIONS COMPLETION RATE POPULATION SIZE POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADUATES KNOWLEDGE EDUCATION DECISIONS LABOR MARKET URBAN MIGRATION COMPLETION RATES GENDER GAP RISING DEMAND SCHOOL TIME EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOARDING SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL MIGRATION COMPULSORY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLING HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT MEDICAL CARE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION MARRIAGE SCHOOL QUALITY CULTURAL CHANGE SCHOOL STUDENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PLACE OF RESIDENCE MIGRANTS EXISTING CAPACITY FAMILY RESOURCES RESPECT PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROGRESS MARKET ECONOMY SCHOOL YEAR INFANT HUMAN CAPITAL GENDER GAPS TRANSPORTATION STUDENT POPULATION ENROLLMENT RATES POLICIES SOCIAL SERVICES POPULATION STUDIES GENDER DIFFERENCES EDUCATION LAW VALUES SCHOOLS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE PARTICIPATION POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER CURRICULA ACCESSIBILITY OF SCHOOLS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ENROLLMENT RATE FAMILY INCOME URBAN AREAS SECONDARY SCHOOL DIPLOMA SCHOOL SUPPLIES YOUTH DECISION MAKING NATIONAL EDUCATION CLASS SIZE GRADE LEVELS SECONDARY SCHOOLING BULLETIN SMALL SCHOOLS SCHOOL YEARS INFANT HEALTH POLICY SOCIAL WELFARE SPILLOVER EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES RURAL RESIDENTS TEACHER RATIO PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN CHILDREN EDUCATION INVESTMENT SCHOOLING QUALITY RURAL AREAS POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY GIRLS STUDENTS RURAL STUDENTS URBAN WOMEN TECHNICAL EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS NET ENROLLMENT POLICY RESEARCH BOARDING FERTILITY WOMEN FORMAL SCHOOLING CLASSROOM CLASSROOMS FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS RURAL GIRLS PREGNANCY PARTICIPATION RATES RURAL RESIDENCE SCHOOL AGE DEVELOPMENT POLICY RETURNS TO EDUCATION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/07/24824576/longer-compulsory-education-equalize-schooling-gender-ruralurban-residence http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22461

id	okr-10986-22461
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-224612021-04-23T14:04:08Z Does Longer Compulsory Education Equalize Schooling by Gender and Rural/Urban Residence? Kırdar, Murat G. Dayıoğlu, Meltem Koç, İsmet SKILLS CHILD HEALTH FEMALE EDUCATION SOCIAL NORMS WORKFORCE BASIC EDUCATION ECONOMIC GROWTH FORMAL EDUCATION TEACHERS SCHOOLING TUITION ENROLLMENT RURAL WOMEN GROUPS POLICY CHANGE COMPULSORY EDUCATION LABOR FORCE RESOURCE ALLOCATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CLASSROOM RATIO RURAL CHILDREN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL POLICY DISCUSSIONS PUBLICATIONS GRADE COMPLETION RATE SOCIAL PROGRAMS FUTURE GENERATIONS COMPLETION RATE POPULATION SIZE POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADUATES KNOWLEDGE EDUCATION DECISIONS LABOR MARKET URBAN MIGRATION COMPLETION RATES GENDER GAP RISING DEMAND SCHOOL TIME EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOARDING SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL MIGRATION COMPULSORY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLING HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT MEDICAL CARE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION MARRIAGE SCHOOL QUALITY CULTURAL CHANGE SCHOOL STUDENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PLACE OF RESIDENCE MIGRANTS EXISTING CAPACITY FAMILY RESOURCES RESPECT PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROGRESS MARKET ECONOMY SCHOOL YEAR INFANT HUMAN CAPITAL GENDER GAPS TRANSPORTATION STUDENT POPULATION ENROLLMENT RATES POLICIES SOCIAL SERVICES POPULATION STUDIES GENDER DIFFERENCES EDUCATION LAW VALUES SCHOOLS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE PARTICIPATION POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER CURRICULA ACCESSIBILITY OF SCHOOLS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ENROLLMENT RATE FAMILY INCOME URBAN AREAS SECONDARY SCHOOL DIPLOMA SCHOOL SUPPLIES YOUTH DECISION MAKING NATIONAL EDUCATION CLASS SIZE GRADE LEVELS SECONDARY SCHOOLING BULLETIN SMALL SCHOOLS SCHOOL YEARS INFANT HEALTH POLICY SOCIAL WELFARE SPILLOVER EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES RURAL RESIDENTS TEACHER RATIO PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN CHILDREN EDUCATION INVESTMENT SCHOOLING QUALITY RURAL AREAS POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY GIRLS STUDENTS RURAL STUDENTS URBAN WOMEN TECHNICAL EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS NET ENROLLMENT POLICY RESEARCH BOARDING FERTILITY WOMEN FORMAL SCHOOLING CLASSROOM CLASSROOMS FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS RURAL GIRLS PREGNANCY PARTICIPATION RATES RURAL RESIDENCE SCHOOL AGE DEVELOPMENT POLICY RETURNS TO EDUCATION This study examines the effects of the extension of compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years in Turkey in 1997—which involved substantial investment in school infrastructure—on schooling outcomes and, in particular, on the equality of these outcomes between men and women, and urban and rural residents using the Turkish Demographic and Health Surveys. This policy is peculiar because it also changes the sheepskin effects (signaling effects) of schooling, through its redefinition of the schooling tiers. The policy is also interesting due to its large spillover effects on post-compulsory schooling as well as its remarkable overall effect; for instance, we find that the completed years of schooling by age 17 increases by 1.5 years for rural women. The policy equalizes the educational attainment of urban and rural children substantially. The urban-rural gap in the completed years of schooling at age 17 falls by 0.5 years for men and by 0.7 to 0.8 years for women. However, there is no evidence of a narrowing gender gap with the policy. On the contrary, the gender gap in urban areas in post-compulsory schooling widens. 2015-08-17T19:54:13Z 2015-08-17T19:54:13Z 2015-07 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/07/24824576/longer-compulsory-education-equalize-schooling-gender-ruralurban-residence http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22461 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7377 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia Turkey
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	SKILLS CHILD HEALTH FEMALE EDUCATION SOCIAL NORMS WORKFORCE BASIC EDUCATION ECONOMIC GROWTH FORMAL EDUCATION TEACHERS SCHOOLING TUITION ENROLLMENT RURAL WOMEN GROUPS POLICY CHANGE COMPULSORY EDUCATION LABOR FORCE RESOURCE ALLOCATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CLASSROOM RATIO RURAL CHILDREN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL POLICY DISCUSSIONS PUBLICATIONS GRADE COMPLETION RATE SOCIAL PROGRAMS FUTURE GENERATIONS COMPLETION RATE POPULATION SIZE POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADUATES KNOWLEDGE EDUCATION DECISIONS LABOR MARKET URBAN MIGRATION COMPLETION RATES GENDER GAP RISING DEMAND SCHOOL TIME EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOARDING SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL MIGRATION COMPULSORY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLING HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT MEDICAL CARE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION MARRIAGE SCHOOL QUALITY CULTURAL CHANGE SCHOOL STUDENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PLACE OF RESIDENCE MIGRANTS EXISTING CAPACITY FAMILY RESOURCES RESPECT PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROGRESS MARKET ECONOMY SCHOOL YEAR INFANT HUMAN CAPITAL GENDER GAPS TRANSPORTATION STUDENT POPULATION ENROLLMENT RATES POLICIES SOCIAL SERVICES POPULATION STUDIES GENDER DIFFERENCES EDUCATION LAW VALUES SCHOOLS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE PARTICIPATION POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER CURRICULA ACCESSIBILITY OF SCHOOLS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ENROLLMENT RATE FAMILY INCOME URBAN AREAS SECONDARY SCHOOL DIPLOMA SCHOOL SUPPLIES YOUTH DECISION MAKING NATIONAL EDUCATION CLASS SIZE GRADE LEVELS SECONDARY SCHOOLING BULLETIN SMALL SCHOOLS SCHOOL YEARS INFANT HEALTH POLICY SOCIAL WELFARE SPILLOVER EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES RURAL RESIDENTS TEACHER RATIO PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN CHILDREN EDUCATION INVESTMENT SCHOOLING QUALITY RURAL AREAS POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY GIRLS STUDENTS RURAL STUDENTS URBAN WOMEN TECHNICAL EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS NET ENROLLMENT POLICY RESEARCH BOARDING FERTILITY WOMEN FORMAL SCHOOLING CLASSROOM CLASSROOMS FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS RURAL GIRLS PREGNANCY PARTICIPATION RATES RURAL RESIDENCE SCHOOL AGE DEVELOPMENT POLICY RETURNS TO EDUCATION
spellingShingle	SKILLS CHILD HEALTH FEMALE EDUCATION SOCIAL NORMS WORKFORCE BASIC EDUCATION ECONOMIC GROWTH FORMAL EDUCATION TEACHERS SCHOOLING TUITION ENROLLMENT RURAL WOMEN GROUPS POLICY CHANGE COMPULSORY EDUCATION LABOR FORCE RESOURCE ALLOCATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CLASSROOM RATIO RURAL CHILDREN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL POLICY DISCUSSIONS PUBLICATIONS GRADE COMPLETION RATE SOCIAL PROGRAMS FUTURE GENERATIONS COMPLETION RATE POPULATION SIZE POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADUATES KNOWLEDGE EDUCATION DECISIONS LABOR MARKET URBAN MIGRATION COMPLETION RATES GENDER GAP RISING DEMAND SCHOOL TIME EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOARDING SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL MIGRATION COMPULSORY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLING HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT MEDICAL CARE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION MARRIAGE SCHOOL QUALITY CULTURAL CHANGE SCHOOL STUDENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PLACE OF RESIDENCE MIGRANTS EXISTING CAPACITY FAMILY RESOURCES RESPECT PRIMARY SCHOOLS PROGRESS MARKET ECONOMY SCHOOL YEAR INFANT HUMAN CAPITAL GENDER GAPS TRANSPORTATION STUDENT POPULATION ENROLLMENT RATES POLICIES SOCIAL SERVICES POPULATION STUDIES GENDER DIFFERENCES EDUCATION LAW VALUES SCHOOLS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE PARTICIPATION POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER CURRICULA ACCESSIBILITY OF SCHOOLS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ENROLLMENT RATE FAMILY INCOME URBAN AREAS SECONDARY SCHOOL DIPLOMA SCHOOL SUPPLIES YOUTH DECISION MAKING NATIONAL EDUCATION CLASS SIZE GRADE LEVELS SECONDARY SCHOOLING BULLETIN SMALL SCHOOLS SCHOOL YEARS INFANT HEALTH POLICY SOCIAL WELFARE SPILLOVER EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES RURAL RESIDENTS TEACHER RATIO PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN CHILDREN EDUCATION INVESTMENT SCHOOLING QUALITY RURAL AREAS POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY GIRLS STUDENTS RURAL STUDENTS URBAN WOMEN TECHNICAL EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS NET ENROLLMENT POLICY RESEARCH BOARDING FERTILITY WOMEN FORMAL SCHOOLING CLASSROOM CLASSROOMS FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS RURAL GIRLS PREGNANCY PARTICIPATION RATES RURAL RESIDENCE SCHOOL AGE DEVELOPMENT POLICY RETURNS TO EDUCATION Kırdar, Murat G. Dayıoğlu, Meltem Koç, İsmet Does Longer Compulsory Education Equalize Schooling by Gender and Rural/Urban Residence?
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Turkey
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7377
description	This study examines the effects of the extension of compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years in Turkey in 1997—which involved substantial investment in school infrastructure—on schooling outcomes and, in particular, on the equality of these outcomes between men and women, and urban and rural residents using the Turkish Demographic and Health Surveys. This policy is peculiar because it also changes the sheepskin effects (signaling effects) of schooling, through its redefinition of the schooling tiers. The policy is also interesting due to its large spillover effects on post-compulsory schooling as well as its remarkable overall effect; for instance, we find that the completed years of schooling by age 17 increases by 1.5 years for rural women. The policy equalizes the educational attainment of urban and rural children substantially. The urban-rural gap in the completed years of schooling at age 17 falls by 0.5 years for men and by 0.7 to 0.8 years for women. However, there is no evidence of a narrowing gender gap with the policy. On the contrary, the gender gap in urban areas in post-compulsory schooling widens.
format	Working Paper
author	Kırdar, Murat G. Dayıoğlu, Meltem Koç, İsmet
author_facet	Kırdar, Murat G. Dayıoğlu, Meltem Koç, İsmet
author_sort	Kırdar, Murat G.
title	Does Longer Compulsory Education Equalize Schooling by Gender and Rural/Urban Residence?
title_short	Does Longer Compulsory Education Equalize Schooling by Gender and Rural/Urban Residence?
title_full	Does Longer Compulsory Education Equalize Schooling by Gender and Rural/Urban Residence?
title_fullStr	Does Longer Compulsory Education Equalize Schooling by Gender and Rural/Urban Residence?
title_full_unstemmed	Does Longer Compulsory Education Equalize Schooling by Gender and Rural/Urban Residence?
title_sort	does longer compulsory education equalize schooling by gender and rural/urban residence?
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/07/24824576/longer-compulsory-education-equalize-schooling-gender-ruralurban-residence http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22461
_version_	1764451139694100480

Does Longer Compulsory Education Equalize Schooling by Gender and Rural/Urban Residence?

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