Gold Mining and Proto-Urbanization : Recent Evidence from Ghana

Central place theory predicts that agglomeration can arise from external shocks. This paper investigates whether gold mining is a catalyst for proto-urbanization in rural Ghana. Using cross-sectional data, the analysis finds that locations within 1...

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Main Authors:	Fafchamps, Marcel, Koelle, Michael, Shilpi, Forhad
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	CLOSED MINES GOLD PRICES EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL NORMS POPULATION CENSUSES LARGE-SCALE MINES EXTRACTIVE RESOURCES ECONOMIC GROWTH NEGATIVE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES WORKING-AGE POPULATION URBANIZATION UNDERGROUND MINES INFORMAL MINERS SERVICE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION RESOURCE EXTRACTION GOLD MINING URBAN SETTLEMENTS MERCURY MINING SECTOR LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TREND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FEMALE EMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS SCALE MINING HIGHWAY SYSTEM PUBLICATIONS ROUTES ADULT POPULATION WEALTH CLOSURE POPULATION SIZE URBAN CENTER UNDERGROUND HEALTH FACILITIES CATALYST TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE LABOR MARKET MINERALS INDUSTRY ROAD RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH ROAD NETWORK MINERAL DEPOSITS TRANSPORT POPULATION GROWTH INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES SMALL-SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES GOLD GOLD MINES ABANDONED MINES NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRIALIZATION EXTERNALITIES SAND MINING COMPANIES EMPLOYMENT COMPOSITION MINING ACTIVITY TRUE POLLUTION SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION LABOR NATURAL RESOURCES ACTIVE MINES TAILINGS INFRASTRUCTURE LAND USE CITY POPULATION MINING LOCATIONS PROGRESS GOLD MINE UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSPORTATION GEOLOGY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CHANGES IN POPULATION SIZE LARGE CITIES URBAN CENTERS ACCESSIBILITY MINES POPULATION DENSITY URBAN AREAS NUTRITION RAILWAY HIGHWAYS MINERAL INDUSTRY POLICY WAGE SECTOR MINING COMMUNITIES SKILLED LABOR ROADS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINING ACTIVITIES HIGHWAY CLOSURES RAILWAYS ECONOMIES OF SCALE RESOLUTION SMALL MINES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CENSUSES ACCIDENTS RURAL AREAS RAILROADS URBAN CENTRES FEWER PEOPLE POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY MARITAL STATUS RURAL COUNTIES MINING AREAS MARRIED WOMEN POLICY RESEARCH SMALL-SCALE MINING SMALL-SCALE GOLD DEPOSITS LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL MINING WOMEN NOISE LABOR MARKETS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES RURAL DEVELOPMENT GOLD PRODUCTION WAGE EMPLOYMENT MINERAL MINING AGGLOMERATION EFFECTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY MINERALS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24736278/gold-mining-proto-urbanization-recent-evidence-ghana http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22227

id	okr-10986-22227
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-222272021-06-14T10:20:52Z Gold Mining and Proto-Urbanization : Recent Evidence from Ghana Fafchamps, Marcel Koelle, Michael Shilpi, Forhad CLOSED MINES GOLD PRICES EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL NORMS POPULATION CENSUSES LARGE-SCALE MINES EXTRACTIVE RESOURCES ECONOMIC GROWTH NEGATIVE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES WORKING-AGE POPULATION URBANIZATION UNDERGROUND MINES INFORMAL MINERS SERVICE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION RESOURCE EXTRACTION GOLD MINING URBAN SETTLEMENTS MERCURY MINING SECTOR LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TREND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FEMALE EMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS SCALE MINING HIGHWAY SYSTEM PUBLICATIONS ROUTES ADULT POPULATION WEALTH CLOSURE POPULATION SIZE URBAN CENTER UNDERGROUND HEALTH FACILITIES CATALYST TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE LABOR MARKET MINERALS INDUSTRY ROAD RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH ROAD NETWORK MINERAL DEPOSITS TRANSPORT POPULATION GROWTH INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES SMALL-SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES GOLD GOLD MINES ABANDONED MINES NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRIALIZATION EXTERNALITIES SAND MINING COMPANIES EMPLOYMENT COMPOSITION MINING ACTIVITY TRUE POLLUTION SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION LABOR NATURAL RESOURCES ACTIVE MINES TAILINGS INFRASTRUCTURE LAND USE CITY POPULATION MINING LOCATIONS PROGRESS GOLD MINE UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSPORTATION GEOLOGY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CHANGES IN POPULATION SIZE LARGE CITIES URBAN CENTERS ACCESSIBILITY MINES POPULATION DENSITY URBAN AREAS NUTRITION RAILWAY HIGHWAYS MINERAL INDUSTRY POLICY WAGE SECTOR MINING COMMUNITIES SKILLED LABOR ROADS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINING ACTIVITIES HIGHWAY CLOSURES RAILWAYS ECONOMIES OF SCALE RESOLUTION SMALL MINES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CENSUSES ACCIDENTS RURAL AREAS RAILROADS URBAN CENTRES FEWER PEOPLE POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY MARITAL STATUS RURAL COUNTIES MINING AREAS MARRIED WOMEN POLICY RESEARCH SMALL-SCALE MINING SMALL-SCALE GOLD DEPOSITS LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL MINING WOMEN NOISE LABOR MARKETS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES RURAL DEVELOPMENT GOLD PRODUCTION WAGE EMPLOYMENT MINERAL MINING AGGLOMERATION EFFECTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY MINERALS Central place theory predicts that agglomeration can arise from external shocks. This paper investigates whether gold mining is a catalyst for proto-urbanization in rural Ghana. Using cross-sectional data, the analysis finds that locations within 10 kilometers from gold mines have more night light and proportionally higher employment in industry and services and in the wage sector. Non-farm employment decreases at 20–30 kilometers distance to gold mines. These findings are consistent with agglomeration effects that induce non-farm activities to coalesce in one particular location. This paper finds that, over time, an increase in gold production is associated with more wage employment and apprenticeship, and fewer people employed in private informal enterprises. It also finds that the changes arising from increasing gold production are not reversed when large gold mines shrink. However this pattern cannot be ascribed unambiguously to agglomeration effects, given an increase in informal mining after formal mines decrease output is also observed. 2015-07-17T21:15:11Z 2015-07-17T21:15:11Z 2015-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24736278/gold-mining-proto-urbanization-recent-evidence-ghana http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22227 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7347 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Ghana
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	CLOSED MINES GOLD PRICES EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL NORMS POPULATION CENSUSES LARGE-SCALE MINES EXTRACTIVE RESOURCES ECONOMIC GROWTH NEGATIVE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES WORKING-AGE POPULATION URBANIZATION UNDERGROUND MINES INFORMAL MINERS SERVICE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION RESOURCE EXTRACTION GOLD MINING URBAN SETTLEMENTS MERCURY MINING SECTOR LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TREND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FEMALE EMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS SCALE MINING HIGHWAY SYSTEM PUBLICATIONS ROUTES ADULT POPULATION WEALTH CLOSURE POPULATION SIZE URBAN CENTER UNDERGROUND HEALTH FACILITIES CATALYST TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE LABOR MARKET MINERALS INDUSTRY ROAD RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH ROAD NETWORK MINERAL DEPOSITS TRANSPORT POPULATION GROWTH INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES SMALL-SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES GOLD GOLD MINES ABANDONED MINES NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRIALIZATION EXTERNALITIES SAND MINING COMPANIES EMPLOYMENT COMPOSITION MINING ACTIVITY TRUE POLLUTION SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION LABOR NATURAL RESOURCES ACTIVE MINES TAILINGS INFRASTRUCTURE LAND USE CITY POPULATION MINING LOCATIONS PROGRESS GOLD MINE UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSPORTATION GEOLOGY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CHANGES IN POPULATION SIZE LARGE CITIES URBAN CENTERS ACCESSIBILITY MINES POPULATION DENSITY URBAN AREAS NUTRITION RAILWAY HIGHWAYS MINERAL INDUSTRY POLICY WAGE SECTOR MINING COMMUNITIES SKILLED LABOR ROADS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINING ACTIVITIES HIGHWAY CLOSURES RAILWAYS ECONOMIES OF SCALE RESOLUTION SMALL MINES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CENSUSES ACCIDENTS RURAL AREAS RAILROADS URBAN CENTRES FEWER PEOPLE POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY MARITAL STATUS RURAL COUNTIES MINING AREAS MARRIED WOMEN POLICY RESEARCH SMALL-SCALE MINING SMALL-SCALE GOLD DEPOSITS LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL MINING WOMEN NOISE LABOR MARKETS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES RURAL DEVELOPMENT GOLD PRODUCTION WAGE EMPLOYMENT MINERAL MINING AGGLOMERATION EFFECTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY MINERALS
spellingShingle	CLOSED MINES GOLD PRICES EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL NORMS POPULATION CENSUSES LARGE-SCALE MINES EXTRACTIVE RESOURCES ECONOMIC GROWTH NEGATIVE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES WORKING-AGE POPULATION URBANIZATION UNDERGROUND MINES INFORMAL MINERS SERVICE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION RESOURCE EXTRACTION GOLD MINING URBAN SETTLEMENTS MERCURY MINING SECTOR LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TREND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FEMALE EMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS SCALE MINING HIGHWAY SYSTEM PUBLICATIONS ROUTES ADULT POPULATION WEALTH CLOSURE POPULATION SIZE URBAN CENTER UNDERGROUND HEALTH FACILITIES CATALYST TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE LABOR MARKET MINERALS INDUSTRY ROAD RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH ROAD NETWORK MINERAL DEPOSITS TRANSPORT POPULATION GROWTH INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES SMALL-SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES GOLD GOLD MINES ABANDONED MINES NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRIALIZATION EXTERNALITIES SAND MINING COMPANIES EMPLOYMENT COMPOSITION MINING ACTIVITY TRUE POLLUTION SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION LABOR NATURAL RESOURCES ACTIVE MINES TAILINGS INFRASTRUCTURE LAND USE CITY POPULATION MINING LOCATIONS PROGRESS GOLD MINE UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSPORTATION GEOLOGY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CHANGES IN POPULATION SIZE LARGE CITIES URBAN CENTERS ACCESSIBILITY MINES POPULATION DENSITY URBAN AREAS NUTRITION RAILWAY HIGHWAYS MINERAL INDUSTRY POLICY WAGE SECTOR MINING COMMUNITIES SKILLED LABOR ROADS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINING ACTIVITIES HIGHWAY CLOSURES RAILWAYS ECONOMIES OF SCALE RESOLUTION SMALL MINES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CENSUSES ACCIDENTS RURAL AREAS RAILROADS URBAN CENTRES FEWER PEOPLE POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY MARITAL STATUS RURAL COUNTIES MINING AREAS MARRIED WOMEN POLICY RESEARCH SMALL-SCALE MINING SMALL-SCALE GOLD DEPOSITS LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL MINING WOMEN NOISE LABOR MARKETS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES RURAL DEVELOPMENT GOLD PRODUCTION WAGE EMPLOYMENT MINERAL MINING AGGLOMERATION EFFECTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY MINERALS Fafchamps, Marcel Koelle, Michael Shilpi, Forhad Gold Mining and Proto-Urbanization : Recent Evidence from Ghana
geographic_facet	Africa Ghana
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7347
description	Central place theory predicts that agglomeration can arise from external shocks. This paper investigates whether gold mining is a catalyst for proto-urbanization in rural Ghana. Using cross-sectional data, the analysis finds that locations within 10 kilometers from gold mines have more night light and proportionally higher employment in industry and services and in the wage sector. Non-farm employment decreases at 20–30 kilometers distance to gold mines. These findings are consistent with agglomeration effects that induce non-farm activities to coalesce in one particular location. This paper finds that, over time, an increase in gold production is associated with more wage employment and apprenticeship, and fewer people employed in private informal enterprises. It also finds that the changes arising from increasing gold production are not reversed when large gold mines shrink. However this pattern cannot be ascribed unambiguously to agglomeration effects, given an increase in informal mining after formal mines decrease output is also observed.
format	Working Paper
author	Fafchamps, Marcel Koelle, Michael Shilpi, Forhad
author_facet	Fafchamps, Marcel Koelle, Michael Shilpi, Forhad
author_sort	Fafchamps, Marcel
title	Gold Mining and Proto-Urbanization : Recent Evidence from Ghana
title_short	Gold Mining and Proto-Urbanization : Recent Evidence from Ghana
title_full	Gold Mining and Proto-Urbanization : Recent Evidence from Ghana
title_fullStr	Gold Mining and Proto-Urbanization : Recent Evidence from Ghana
title_full_unstemmed	Gold Mining and Proto-Urbanization : Recent Evidence from Ghana
title_sort	gold mining and proto-urbanization : recent evidence from ghana
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24736278/gold-mining-proto-urbanization-recent-evidence-ghana http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22227
_version_	1764450477916815360

Gold Mining and Proto-Urbanization : Recent Evidence from Ghana

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