Magical Transition? : Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China, 1988–2002

This paper presents evidence on intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in rural China over a period of 14 years (1988–2002). To understand whether the estimated inter-generational persistence can be driven solely by unobserved...

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Main Authors:	Emran, Shahe, Sun, Yan
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	SKILLS EDUCATED PARENTS BASIC EDUCATION CHILD LABOR CONTINUING EDUCATION CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SCHOOLING JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TUITION SOCIAL MOBILITY ENROLLMENT QUALITY SCHOOLS SCHOOL ENROLLMENT GROUPS EDUCATION POLICY ETHNIC GROUPS COMPULSORY EDUCATION JUNIOR SECONDARY HIGHER EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AVERAGE SCHOOLING PAPERS RURAL CHILDREN EDUCATION VARIABLES ADULTS ETHNIC MINORITY PARENTAL EDUCATION SOCIAL GROUPS GENDER BIAS EDUCATIONAL “ATTAINMENT EDUCATION OF PARENTS KNOWLEDGE MIDDLE SCHOOL JUNIOR EDUCATION GENDER GAP MINORITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION COSTS OF EDUCATION MOBILITY ABILITY SECONDARY SCHOOL IDEAS COMPULSORY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLING AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS LEARNING FEMALE CHILDREN MARRIAGE PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION ECONOMICS FAMILY BACKGROUND VILLAGE LEVEL PARENTS’ EDUCATION PUBLISHERS ACCESS TO SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL STATUS RETURNS TO EDUCATION STUDY STUDIES COMPLETION SCIENCE EDUCATION LAW GENDER DIFFERENCES VALUES SCHOOLS FAMILY PARTICIPATION EDUCATION REFORM BASIC EDUCATION POLICY OCCUPATIONS JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLING SCHOOL BREAKFAST EDUCATION LEVEL FACTORS CATHOLIC SCHOOLS PARENTS RURAL AREAS CHILDREN EDUCATION INVESTMENT STATISTICS EQUALITY DECENTRALIZATION SOCIETY INTERVENTIONS COMMUNITY FEES PRIMARY EDUCATION FAMILIES WOMEN SCHOOL RURAL DEVELOPMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION EFFECTS OF EDUCATION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24679223/magical-transition-intergenerational-educational-occupational-mobility-rural-china-19882002 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22201

id	okr-10986-22201
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-222012021-04-23T14:04:07Z Magical Transition? : Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China, 1988–2002 Emran, Shahe Sun, Yan SKILLS EDUCATED PARENTS BASIC EDUCATION CHILD LABOR CONTINUING EDUCATION CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SCHOOLING JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TUITION SOCIAL MOBILITY ENROLLMENT QUALITY SCHOOLS SCHOOL ENROLLMENT GROUPS EDUCATION POLICY ETHNIC GROUPS COMPULSORY EDUCATION JUNIOR SECONDARY HIGHER EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AVERAGE SCHOOLING PAPERS RURAL CHILDREN EDUCATION VARIABLES ADULTS ETHNIC MINORITY PARENTAL EDUCATION SOCIAL GROUPS GENDER BIAS RURAL CHILDREN EDUCATIONAL “ATTAINMENT EDUCATION OF PARENTS KNOWLEDGE MIDDLE SCHOOL JUNIOR SECONDARY JUNIOR EDUCATION GENDER GAP MINORITY EDUCATION SOCIAL GROUPS QUALITY OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION COSTS OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES GENDER BIAS MOBILITY ABILITY SECONDARY SCHOOL IDEAS EDUCATED PARENTS COMPULSORY SCHOOLING PARENTAL EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLING AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS EDUCATION OF PARENTS LEARNING FEMALE CHILDREN MARRIAGE ETHNIC MINORITY PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION ECONOMICS FAMILY BACKGROUND VILLAGE LEVEL AVERAGE SCHOOLING PARENTS’ EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION PARENTS’ EDUCATION PUBLISHERS ACCESS TO SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL STATUS COSTS OF EDUCATION RETURNS TO EDUCATION STUDY PRIMARY SCHOOLING STUDIES COMPLETION SCIENCE EDUCATION LAW GENDER DIFFERENCES VALUES SCHOOLS FAMILY PARTICIPATION EDUCATION REFORM BASIC EDUCATION POLICY OCCUPATIONS AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLING EDUCATION ECONOMICS SCHOOL BREAKFAST EDUCATION LEVEL JUNIOR EDUCATION FACTORS MIDDLE SCHOOL CATHOLIC SCHOOLS PARENTS RURAL AREAS CHILDREN EDUCATION VILLAGE LEVEL INVESTMENT STATISTICS FAMILY BACKGROUND EQUALITY RURAL AREAS DECENTRALIZATION CATHOLIC SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL “ATTAINMENT CHILD LABOR SOCIETY INTERVENTIONS COMMUNITY ETHNIC MINORITY FEES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO SCHOOLS FAMILIES WOMEN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLING CONTINUING EDUCATION SCHOOL RURAL DEVELOPMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION SOCIAL MOBILITY GENDER DIFFERENCES EFFECTS OF EDUCATION RETURNS TO EDUCATION This paper presents evidence on intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in rural China over a period of 14 years (1988–2002). To understand whether the estimated inter-generational persistence can be driven solely by unobserved heterogeneity, biprobit sensitivity analysis and heteroskedasticity-based identification are implemented. The empirical results show that there have been dramatic improvements in occupational mobility from agriculture to nonfarm occupations; a farmer’s children are not any more likely to become farmers in 2002, although there was significant persistence in occupation choices in 1988. In contrast, the intergenerational mobility in educational attainment has remained largely unchanged for daughters, and it has deteriorated significantly for sons. There is strong evidence of a causal effect of parental education on a son’s schooling in 2002. The paper provides some possible explanations for the dramatic divergence between occupational and educational mobility in rural China from 1988 to 2002. 2015-07-17T16:08:50Z 2015-07-17T16:08:50Z 2015-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24679223/magical-transition-intergenerational-educational-occupational-mobility-rural-china-19882002 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22201 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7316 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper East Asia and Pacific China
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	SKILLS EDUCATED PARENTS BASIC EDUCATION CHILD LABOR CONTINUING EDUCATION CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SCHOOLING JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TUITION SOCIAL MOBILITY ENROLLMENT QUALITY SCHOOLS SCHOOL ENROLLMENT GROUPS EDUCATION POLICY ETHNIC GROUPS COMPULSORY EDUCATION JUNIOR SECONDARY HIGHER EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AVERAGE SCHOOLING PAPERS RURAL CHILDREN EDUCATION VARIABLES ADULTS ETHNIC MINORITY PARENTAL EDUCATION SOCIAL GROUPS GENDER BIAS RURAL CHILDREN EDUCATIONAL “ATTAINMENT EDUCATION OF PARENTS KNOWLEDGE MIDDLE SCHOOL JUNIOR SECONDARY JUNIOR EDUCATION GENDER GAP MINORITY EDUCATION SOCIAL GROUPS QUALITY OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION COSTS OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES GENDER BIAS MOBILITY ABILITY SECONDARY SCHOOL IDEAS EDUCATED PARENTS COMPULSORY SCHOOLING PARENTAL EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLING AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS EDUCATION OF PARENTS LEARNING FEMALE CHILDREN MARRIAGE ETHNIC MINORITY PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION ECONOMICS FAMILY BACKGROUND VILLAGE LEVEL AVERAGE SCHOOLING PARENTS’ EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION PARENTS’ EDUCATION PUBLISHERS ACCESS TO SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL STATUS COSTS OF EDUCATION RETURNS TO EDUCATION STUDY PRIMARY SCHOOLING STUDIES COMPLETION SCIENCE EDUCATION LAW GENDER DIFFERENCES VALUES SCHOOLS FAMILY PARTICIPATION EDUCATION REFORM BASIC EDUCATION POLICY OCCUPATIONS AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLING EDUCATION ECONOMICS SCHOOL BREAKFAST EDUCATION LEVEL JUNIOR EDUCATION FACTORS MIDDLE SCHOOL CATHOLIC SCHOOLS PARENTS RURAL AREAS CHILDREN EDUCATION VILLAGE LEVEL INVESTMENT STATISTICS FAMILY BACKGROUND EQUALITY RURAL AREAS DECENTRALIZATION CATHOLIC SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL “ATTAINMENT CHILD LABOR SOCIETY INTERVENTIONS COMMUNITY ETHNIC MINORITY FEES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO SCHOOLS FAMILIES WOMEN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLING CONTINUING EDUCATION SCHOOL RURAL DEVELOPMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION SOCIAL MOBILITY GENDER DIFFERENCES EFFECTS OF EDUCATION RETURNS TO EDUCATION
spellingShingle	SKILLS EDUCATED PARENTS BASIC EDUCATION CHILD LABOR CONTINUING EDUCATION CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SCHOOLING JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TUITION SOCIAL MOBILITY ENROLLMENT QUALITY SCHOOLS SCHOOL ENROLLMENT GROUPS EDUCATION POLICY ETHNIC GROUPS COMPULSORY EDUCATION JUNIOR SECONDARY HIGHER EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AVERAGE SCHOOLING PAPERS RURAL CHILDREN EDUCATION VARIABLES ADULTS ETHNIC MINORITY PARENTAL EDUCATION SOCIAL GROUPS GENDER BIAS RURAL CHILDREN EDUCATIONAL “ATTAINMENT EDUCATION OF PARENTS KNOWLEDGE MIDDLE SCHOOL JUNIOR SECONDARY JUNIOR EDUCATION GENDER GAP MINORITY EDUCATION SOCIAL GROUPS QUALITY OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION COSTS OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES GENDER BIAS MOBILITY ABILITY SECONDARY SCHOOL IDEAS EDUCATED PARENTS COMPULSORY SCHOOLING PARENTAL EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLING AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS EDUCATION OF PARENTS LEARNING FEMALE CHILDREN MARRIAGE ETHNIC MINORITY PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION ECONOMICS FAMILY BACKGROUND VILLAGE LEVEL AVERAGE SCHOOLING PARENTS’ EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION PARENTS’ EDUCATION PUBLISHERS ACCESS TO SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL STATUS COSTS OF EDUCATION RETURNS TO EDUCATION STUDY PRIMARY SCHOOLING STUDIES COMPLETION SCIENCE EDUCATION LAW GENDER DIFFERENCES VALUES SCHOOLS FAMILY PARTICIPATION EDUCATION REFORM BASIC EDUCATION POLICY OCCUPATIONS AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLING EDUCATION ECONOMICS SCHOOL BREAKFAST EDUCATION LEVEL JUNIOR EDUCATION FACTORS MIDDLE SCHOOL CATHOLIC SCHOOLS PARENTS RURAL AREAS CHILDREN EDUCATION VILLAGE LEVEL INVESTMENT STATISTICS FAMILY BACKGROUND EQUALITY RURAL AREAS DECENTRALIZATION CATHOLIC SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL “ATTAINMENT CHILD LABOR SOCIETY INTERVENTIONS COMMUNITY ETHNIC MINORITY FEES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION ACCESS TO SCHOOLS FAMILIES WOMEN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLING CONTINUING EDUCATION SCHOOL RURAL DEVELOPMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION SOCIAL MOBILITY GENDER DIFFERENCES EFFECTS OF EDUCATION RETURNS TO EDUCATION Emran, Shahe Sun, Yan Magical Transition? : Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China, 1988–2002
geographic_facet	East Asia and Pacific China
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7316
description	This paper presents evidence on intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in rural China over a period of 14 years (1988–2002). To understand whether the estimated inter-generational persistence can be driven solely by unobserved heterogeneity, biprobit sensitivity analysis and heteroskedasticity-based identification are implemented. The empirical results show that there have been dramatic improvements in occupational mobility from agriculture to nonfarm occupations; a farmer’s children are not any more likely to become farmers in 2002, although there was significant persistence in occupation choices in 1988. In contrast, the intergenerational mobility in educational attainment has remained largely unchanged for daughters, and it has deteriorated significantly for sons. There is strong evidence of a causal effect of parental education on a son’s schooling in 2002. The paper provides some possible explanations for the dramatic divergence between occupational and educational mobility in rural China from 1988 to 2002.
format	Working Paper
author	Emran, Shahe Sun, Yan
author_facet	Emran, Shahe Sun, Yan
author_sort	Emran, Shahe
title	Magical Transition? : Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China, 1988–2002
title_short	Magical Transition? : Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China, 1988–2002
title_full	Magical Transition? : Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China, 1988–2002
title_fullStr	Magical Transition? : Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China, 1988–2002
title_full_unstemmed	Magical Transition? : Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China, 1988–2002
title_sort	magical transition? : intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in rural china, 1988–2002
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24679223/magical-transition-intergenerational-educational-occupational-mobility-rural-china-19882002 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22201
_version_	1764450412184731648

Magical Transition? : Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China, 1988–2002

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