How Costly are Labor Gender Gaps? : Estimates for the Balkans and Turkey
In this paper, survey data are used to document the presence of gender gaps in self-employment, employership, and labor force participation in seven Balkan countries and Turkey. The paper examines the quantitative effects of the gender gaps on aggr...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2015
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24679234/costly-labor-gender-gaps-estimates-balkans-turkey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22195 |
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okr-10986-221952021-04-23T14:04:07Z How Costly are Labor Gender Gaps? : Estimates for the Balkans and Turkey Cuberes, David Teignier, Marc SKILLS PROGRESS EMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEY GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENDER GAPS STUDY ECONOMIC GROWTH GENDER INEQUALITY WORKERS WAGE GAP PRODUCTION WAGES WHO WOMAN INCOME POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER AGE WAGE DISCRIMINATION GENDER SOCIAL POLICY GROUPS AGE GROUP OCCUPATIONS AGE GROUPS INFORMATION LABOR FORCE OCCUPATION DISCRIMINATION EFFORT EFFECTS AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY POLICY DISCUSSIONS WAGE RATE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER WAGE GAPS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ECONOMICS POLICY MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR ORGANIZATION POLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDER KNOWLEDGE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN GENDER GAP DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN INTUITION WORKER ABILITY PRODUCTIVITY POPULATION FEMALE EMPLOYERS ORGANIZATIONS POLICY RESEARCH STATE PLANNING GENDER DISCRIMINATION FERTILITY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS WOMEN WOMEN IN LABOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP LABOR GENDER EQUALITY RESPECT DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY BLACK WOMEN In this paper, survey data are used to document the presence of gender gaps in self-employment, employership, and labor force participation in seven Balkan countries and Turkey. The paper examines the quantitative effects of the gender gaps on aggregate productivity and income per capita in these countries. In the model used to carry out this calculation, agents choose between being workers, self-employed, or employers, and women face several restrictions in the labor market. The data display very large gaps in labor force participation and in the percentage of employers and self-employed in the labor force. In almost all cases, these gaps reveal a clear underrepresentation of women. The calculations show that, on average, the loss associated with these gaps is about 17 percent of income per capita. One-third of this loss is due to distortions in the choice of occupations between men and women. The remaining two-thirds corresponds to the costs associated with gaps in labor force participation. The dimensions of these gender gaps and their associated costs vary considerably across age groups, with the age bracket 36–50 years being responsible for most of the losses. 2015-07-17T14:46:26Z 2015-07-17T14:46:26Z 2015-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24679234/costly-labor-gender-gaps-estimates-balkans-turkey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22195 English en Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7319 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Turkey |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English English |
| topic |
SKILLS PROGRESS EMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEY GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENDER GAPS STUDY ECONOMIC GROWTH GENDER INEQUALITY WORKERS WAGE GAP PRODUCTION WAGES WHO WOMAN INCOME POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER AGE WAGE DISCRIMINATION GENDER SOCIAL POLICY GROUPS AGE GROUP OCCUPATIONS AGE GROUPS INFORMATION LABOR FORCE OCCUPATION DISCRIMINATION EFFORT EFFECTS AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY POLICY DISCUSSIONS WAGE RATE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER WAGE GAPS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ECONOMICS POLICY MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR ORGANIZATION POLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDER KNOWLEDGE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN GENDER GAP DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN INTUITION WORKER ABILITY PRODUCTIVITY POPULATION FEMALE EMPLOYERS ORGANIZATIONS POLICY RESEARCH STATE PLANNING GENDER DISCRIMINATION FERTILITY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS WOMEN WOMEN IN LABOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP LABOR GENDER EQUALITY RESPECT DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY BLACK WOMEN |
| spellingShingle |
SKILLS PROGRESS EMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEY GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENDER GAPS STUDY ECONOMIC GROWTH GENDER INEQUALITY WORKERS WAGE GAP PRODUCTION WAGES WHO WOMAN INCOME POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER AGE WAGE DISCRIMINATION GENDER SOCIAL POLICY GROUPS AGE GROUP OCCUPATIONS AGE GROUPS INFORMATION LABOR FORCE OCCUPATION DISCRIMINATION EFFORT EFFECTS AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY POLICY DISCUSSIONS WAGE RATE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER WAGE GAPS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS ECONOMICS POLICY MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR ORGANIZATION POLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDER KNOWLEDGE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN GENDER GAP DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN INTUITION WORKER ABILITY PRODUCTIVITY POPULATION FEMALE EMPLOYERS ORGANIZATIONS POLICY RESEARCH STATE PLANNING GENDER DISCRIMINATION FERTILITY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS WOMEN WOMEN IN LABOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP LABOR GENDER EQUALITY RESPECT DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY BLACK WOMEN Cuberes, David Teignier, Marc How Costly are Labor Gender Gaps? : Estimates for the Balkans and Turkey |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Turkey |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7319 |
| description |
In this paper, survey data are used to
document the presence of gender gaps in self-employment,
employership, and labor force participation in seven Balkan
countries and Turkey. The paper examines the quantitative
effects of the gender gaps on aggregate productivity and
income per capita in these countries. In the model used to
carry out this calculation, agents choose between being
workers, self-employed, or employers, and women face several
restrictions in the labor market. The data display very
large gaps in labor force participation and in the
percentage of employers and self-employed in the labor
force. In almost all cases, these gaps reveal a clear
underrepresentation of women. The calculations show that, on
average, the loss associated with these gaps is about 17
percent of income per capita. One-third of this loss is due
to distortions in the choice of occupations between men and
women. The remaining two-thirds corresponds to the costs
associated with gaps in labor force participation. The
dimensions of these gender gaps and their associated costs
vary considerably across age groups, with the age bracket
36–50 years being responsible for most of the losses. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Cuberes, David Teignier, Marc |
| author_facet |
Cuberes, David Teignier, Marc |
| author_sort |
Cuberes, David |
| title |
How Costly are Labor Gender Gaps? : Estimates for the Balkans and Turkey |
| title_short |
How Costly are Labor Gender Gaps? : Estimates for the Balkans and Turkey |
| title_full |
How Costly are Labor Gender Gaps? : Estimates for the Balkans and Turkey |
| title_fullStr |
How Costly are Labor Gender Gaps? : Estimates for the Balkans and Turkey |
| title_full_unstemmed |
How Costly are Labor Gender Gaps? : Estimates for the Balkans and Turkey |
| title_sort |
how costly are labor gender gaps? : estimates for the balkans and turkey |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24679234/costly-labor-gender-gaps-estimates-balkans-turkey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22195 |
| _version_ |
1764450395586822144 |