How Has Regional Integration Taken Place in Other Regions? : Lessons for South Asia

As the momentum for multilateral trade liberalization has slowed, an increasing amount of liberalization is taking place at a regional level. As of April 2015, there are 406 regional trade agreements (RTAs) in force worldwide, more than double the...

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Main Authors:	Kathuria, Sanjay, Shahid, Sohaib, Ferrantino, Michael Joseph
Format:	Brief
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	COMMON MARKET TARIFFS HARMONIZATION TRADE VOLUMES INVESTORS CAPITAL CONTROLS TRADE SHARE MULTILATERAL TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS BARRIER REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PROVISIONS REGIONAL STANDARDS INCOME VALUE COMPETITIVENESS CONVERGENCE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT REGIONAL LEVEL EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE PROTECTIONS CROSS-BORDER ISSUES ELECTRONIC TRADE HARMONIZATION OF REGULATIONS EXPORTS AGRICULTURE INCOME COUNTRIES REGIONAL AGREEMENTS NATIONAL POLICIES TRADE FACILITATION PRICE TRADE LIBERALIZATION PAYMENTS MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION FREE TRADE REGULATORY REGIMES DISPUTE RESOLUTION MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE TRADE AGREEMENTS IMPORTING COUNTRY REGIONAL INTEGRATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EXPORTING COUNTRY TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION GDP GOODS DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM SECURITY COSTS INVESTMENT REGIONAL PARTNERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION SHARE REGIONAL COOPERATION INVESTMENT CLIMATE TARIFF REGIONAL TRADE ECONOMIC COOPERATION TARIFF REDUCTION CUSTOMS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT INVESTMENTS WORLD TRADE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMUNICATION POLICY RESEARCH OPEN BORDERS TRADE FRICTIONS RULES OF ORIGIN PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION ACCESS TRADE INFORMATION ECONOMIC COMMUNITY APPAREL QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS OUTCOMES TRANSFER OF FUNDS TRADING PARTNERS TECHNICAL BARRIERS TRADE AGREEMENT INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NON-TARIFF MEASURES EQUITABLE TREATMENT
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24599908/regional-integration-taken-place-other-regions-lessons-south-asia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22030

id	okr-10986-22030
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-220302021-04-23T14:04:06Z How Has Regional Integration Taken Place in Other Regions? : Lessons for South Asia Kathuria, Sanjay Shahid, Sohaib Ferrantino, Michael Joseph COMMON MARKET TARIFFS HARMONIZATION TRADE VOLUMES INVESTORS CAPITAL CONTROLS TRADE SHARE MULTILATERAL TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS BARRIER REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PROVISIONS REGIONAL STANDARDS INCOME VALUE COMPETITIVENESS CONVERGENCE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT REGIONAL LEVEL EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE PROTECTIONS CROSS-BORDER ISSUES ELECTRONIC TRADE HARMONIZATION OF REGULATIONS EXPORTS AGRICULTURE INCOME COUNTRIES REGIONAL AGREEMENTS NATIONAL POLICIES TRADE FACILITATION PRICE TRADE LIBERALIZATION PAYMENTS MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION FREE TRADE REGULATORY REGIMES DISPUTE RESOLUTION MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE TRADE AGREEMENTS IMPORTING COUNTRY REGIONAL INTEGRATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EXPORTING COUNTRY TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION GDP GOODS DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM SECURITY COSTS INVESTMENT REGIONAL PARTNERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION SHARE REGIONAL COOPERATION INVESTMENT CLIMATE TARIFF REGIONAL TRADE ECONOMIC COOPERATION TARIFF REDUCTION CUSTOMS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT INVESTMENTS WORLD TRADE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMUNICATION POLICY RESEARCH OPEN BORDERS TRADE FRICTIONS RULES OF ORIGIN PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION ACCESS TRADE INFORMATION ECONOMIC COMMUNITY APPAREL QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS OUTCOMES TRANSFER OF FUNDS TRADING PARTNERS TECHNICAL BARRIERS TRADE AGREEMENT INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NON-TARIFF MEASURES EQUITABLE TREATMENT As the momentum for multilateral trade liberalization has slowed, an increasing amount of liberalization is taking place at a regional level. As of April 2015, there are 406 regional trade agreements (RTAs) in force worldwide, more than double the number in force in 2000. These agreements cover over half of international trade. Countries engage in regional cooperation for a variety of reasons. First, it is easier to achieve agreement among a small number of regional partners than it is globally. Second, regional cooperation takes advantage of existing natural tendencies for regional trade that arise from geography and shared culture. This reinforces the regional division of labor already taking place among firms. Global value chains, in which lead firms organize a division of labor for complex products among many countries, often turn out to have a regional focus. Think, for example, of the electronics value chain in East Asia, and the automotive value chains focused on the United States, Germany, and Japan. South Asia itself is a small but growing part of value chains in textiles and apparel with both regional depth and cross-linkages to East Asia. This piece will focus on four aspects of trade liberalization (trade facilitation, non-tariff measures/barriers, intra-regional investment, and energy cooperation) that go beyond traditional preferential tariff reduction to illustrate both the potential of south-south liberalization and some of the particular challenges faced by South Asia. There is widespread agreement that deeper regional engagement in these areas will benefit the people of South Asia. 2015-06-17T15:38:01Z 2015-06-17T15:38:01Z 2015-04 Brief http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24599908/regional-integration-taken-place-other-regions-lessons-south-asia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22030 English en_US SARConnect,issue no. 2; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Brief South Asia South Asia
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	COMMON MARKET TARIFFS HARMONIZATION TRADE VOLUMES INVESTORS CAPITAL CONTROLS TRADE SHARE MULTILATERAL TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS BARRIER REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PROVISIONS REGIONAL STANDARDS INCOME VALUE COMPETITIVENESS CONVERGENCE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT REGIONAL LEVEL EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE PROTECTIONS CROSS-BORDER ISSUES ELECTRONIC TRADE HARMONIZATION OF REGULATIONS EXPORTS AGRICULTURE INCOME COUNTRIES REGIONAL AGREEMENTS NATIONAL POLICIES TRADE FACILITATION PRICE TRADE LIBERALIZATION PAYMENTS MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION FREE TRADE REGULATORY REGIMES DISPUTE RESOLUTION MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE TRADE AGREEMENTS IMPORTING COUNTRY REGIONAL INTEGRATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EXPORTING COUNTRY TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION GDP GOODS DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM SECURITY COSTS INVESTMENT REGIONAL PARTNERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION SHARE REGIONAL COOPERATION INVESTMENT CLIMATE TARIFF REGIONAL TRADE ECONOMIC COOPERATION TARIFF REDUCTION CUSTOMS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT INVESTMENTS WORLD TRADE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMUNICATION POLICY RESEARCH OPEN BORDERS TRADE FRICTIONS RULES OF ORIGIN PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION ACCESS TRADE INFORMATION ECONOMIC COMMUNITY APPAREL QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS OUTCOMES TRANSFER OF FUNDS TRADING PARTNERS TECHNICAL BARRIERS TRADE AGREEMENT INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NON-TARIFF MEASURES EQUITABLE TREATMENT
spellingShingle	COMMON MARKET TARIFFS HARMONIZATION TRADE VOLUMES INVESTORS CAPITAL CONTROLS TRADE SHARE MULTILATERAL TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS BARRIER REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PROVISIONS REGIONAL STANDARDS INCOME VALUE COMPETITIVENESS CONVERGENCE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT REGIONAL LEVEL EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE PROTECTIONS CROSS-BORDER ISSUES ELECTRONIC TRADE HARMONIZATION OF REGULATIONS EXPORTS AGRICULTURE INCOME COUNTRIES REGIONAL AGREEMENTS NATIONAL POLICIES TRADE FACILITATION PRICE TRADE LIBERALIZATION PAYMENTS MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION FREE TRADE REGULATORY REGIMES DISPUTE RESOLUTION MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE TRADE AGREEMENTS IMPORTING COUNTRY REGIONAL INTEGRATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EXPORTING COUNTRY TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION GDP GOODS DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM SECURITY COSTS INVESTMENT REGIONAL PARTNERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION SHARE REGIONAL COOPERATION INVESTMENT CLIMATE TARIFF REGIONAL TRADE ECONOMIC COOPERATION TARIFF REDUCTION CUSTOMS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT INVESTMENTS WORLD TRADE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMUNICATION POLICY RESEARCH OPEN BORDERS TRADE FRICTIONS RULES OF ORIGIN PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION ACCESS TRADE INFORMATION ECONOMIC COMMUNITY APPAREL QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS OUTCOMES TRANSFER OF FUNDS TRADING PARTNERS TECHNICAL BARRIERS TRADE AGREEMENT INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION NON-TARIFF MEASURES EQUITABLE TREATMENT Kathuria, Sanjay Shahid, Sohaib Ferrantino, Michael Joseph How Has Regional Integration Taken Place in Other Regions? : Lessons for South Asia
geographic_facet	South Asia South Asia
relation	SARConnect,issue no. 2;
description	As the momentum for multilateral trade liberalization has slowed, an increasing amount of liberalization is taking place at a regional level. As of April 2015, there are 406 regional trade agreements (RTAs) in force worldwide, more than double the number in force in 2000. These agreements cover over half of international trade. Countries engage in regional cooperation for a variety of reasons. First, it is easier to achieve agreement among a small number of regional partners than it is globally. Second, regional cooperation takes advantage of existing natural tendencies for regional trade that arise from geography and shared culture. This reinforces the regional division of labor already taking place among firms. Global value chains, in which lead firms organize a division of labor for complex products among many countries, often turn out to have a regional focus. Think, for example, of the electronics value chain in East Asia, and the automotive value chains focused on the United States, Germany, and Japan. South Asia itself is a small but growing part of value chains in textiles and apparel with both regional depth and cross-linkages to East Asia. This piece will focus on four aspects of trade liberalization (trade facilitation, non-tariff measures/barriers, intra-regional investment, and energy cooperation) that go beyond traditional preferential tariff reduction to illustrate both the potential of south-south liberalization and some of the particular challenges faced by South Asia. There is widespread agreement that deeper regional engagement in these areas will benefit the people of South Asia.
format	Brief
author	Kathuria, Sanjay Shahid, Sohaib Ferrantino, Michael Joseph
author_facet	Kathuria, Sanjay Shahid, Sohaib Ferrantino, Michael Joseph
author_sort	Kathuria, Sanjay
title	How Has Regional Integration Taken Place in Other Regions? : Lessons for South Asia
title_short	How Has Regional Integration Taken Place in Other Regions? : Lessons for South Asia
title_full	How Has Regional Integration Taken Place in Other Regions? : Lessons for South Asia
title_fullStr	How Has Regional Integration Taken Place in Other Regions? : Lessons for South Asia
title_full_unstemmed	How Has Regional Integration Taken Place in Other Regions? : Lessons for South Asia
title_sort	how has regional integration taken place in other regions? : lessons for south asia
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24599908/regional-integration-taken-place-other-regions-lessons-south-asia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22030
_version_	1764449954220212224

How Has Regional Integration Taken Place in Other Regions? : Lessons for South Asia

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