African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment

It is a contentious issue whether large scale mining creates local employment, and the sector has been accused of hurting women’s labor supply and economic opportunities. This paper uses the rapid expansion of mining in Sub-Saharan Africa to analyz...

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Main Authors:	Kotsadam, Andreas, Tolonen, Anja
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT LIVING STANDARDS CHILD HEALTH JOBS EMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEY EMPLOYMENT RATE ECONOMIC GROWTH WORK FORCE GENDER INEQUALITY URBANIZATION LOCAL ECONOMY SEXUAL PARTNERS INTERCOURSE OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN FEWER WOMEN PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES SOCIAL RESEARCH LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CHILD SURVIVAL JOB FEMALE EMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS ELECTRICIANS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY NATIONAL LEVEL KNOWLEDGE SEX TRADE SERVICE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT INCREASES LABOR MARKET LABOR COSTS EMPLOYMENT LEVELS JOB OPPORTUNITIES DISPLACEMENT BARGAINING POWER WORKER DEMOCRACY INDUSTRIALIZATION MIGRATION SEXUAL RISK HOUSEHOLD INCOME GENDER NORMS EMPLOYMENT INCREASE POLLUTION CONDOM USE MARRIAGE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE LABOR ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS PLACE OF RESIDENCE MIGRANTS NATURAL RESOURCES RULE OF LAW MORTALITY PREVIOUS RESULTS CHILD CARE RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR RESPECT FEMALE LABOR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS PROGRESS INFANT MORTALITY INFANT HUMAN CAPITAL TRANSPORTATION WORKERS MALE PARTNERS POLICIES LOCAL LABOR MARKETS HIV WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER WAGE RATES CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CLUSTER LEVEL LABOUR MARKET OCCUPATION POPULATION DENSITY EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SOCIAL SCIENCE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES EARNING GENDER DISPARITIES MOTHER PRESENT ANALYSES POLICY CITIZENS SPILLOVER MANAGEMENT HUSBANDS ECONOMIC INEQUALITY LOCAL COMMUNITY NUMBER OF WOMEN NUMBER OF WORKERS SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEX ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN RESOLUTION WARS LOCAL COMMUNITIES WAR SOCIAL CONCERNS NATURAL RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCES PRODUCTIVITY GAP FEMALE LABOR FORCE YOUNG WOMEN CONDOM LABORERS SUBSISTENCE FARMING POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY MARITAL STATUS MANUAL LABOR MARRIED WOMEN POLICY RESEARCH CIVIL WAR WOMEN LABOUR SOCIAL ISSUES LABOR MARKETS AIDS GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY EMPLOYEES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/04/24423239/african-mining-gender-local-employment http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21866

id	okr-10986-21866
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-218662021-04-23T14:04:05Z African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment Kotsadam, Andreas Tolonen, Anja ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT LIVING STANDARDS CHILD HEALTH JOBS EMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEY EMPLOYMENT RATE ECONOMIC GROWTH WORK FORCE GENDER INEQUALITY URBANIZATION LOCAL ECONOMY SEXUAL PARTNERS INTERCOURSE OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN FEWER WOMEN PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES SOCIAL RESEARCH LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CHILD SURVIVAL JOB FEMALE EMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS ELECTRICIANS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY NATIONAL LEVEL KNOWLEDGE SEX TRADE SERVICE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT INCREASES LABOR MARKET LABOR COSTS EMPLOYMENT LEVELS JOB OPPORTUNITIES DISPLACEMENT BARGAINING POWER WORKER DEMOCRACY INDUSTRIALIZATION MIGRATION SEXUAL RISK HOUSEHOLD INCOME GENDER NORMS EMPLOYMENT INCREASE POLLUTION CONDOM USE MARRIAGE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE LABOR ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS PLACE OF RESIDENCE MIGRANTS NATURAL RESOURCES RULE OF LAW MORTALITY PREVIOUS RESULTS CHILD CARE RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR RESPECT FEMALE LABOR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS PROGRESS INFANT MORTALITY INFANT HUMAN CAPITAL TRANSPORTATION WORKERS MALE PARTNERS POLICIES LOCAL LABOR MARKETS HIV WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER WAGE RATES CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CLUSTER LEVEL LABOUR MARKET OCCUPATION POPULATION DENSITY EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SOCIAL SCIENCE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES EARNING GENDER DISPARITIES MOTHER PRESENT ANALYSES POLICY CITIZENS SPILLOVER MANAGEMENT HUSBANDS ECONOMIC INEQUALITY LOCAL COMMUNITY NUMBER OF WOMEN NUMBER OF WORKERS SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEX ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN RESOLUTION WARS LOCAL COMMUNITIES WAR SOCIAL CONCERNS NATURAL RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCES PRODUCTIVITY GAP FEMALE LABOR FORCE YOUNG WOMEN CONDOM LABORERS SUBSISTENCE FARMING POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY MARITAL STATUS MANUAL LABOR MARRIED WOMEN POLICY RESEARCH CIVIL WAR WOMEN LABOUR SOCIAL ISSUES LABOR MARKETS AIDS GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY EMPLOYEES It is a contentious issue whether large scale mining creates local employment, and the sector has been accused of hurting women’s labor supply and economic opportunities. This paper uses the rapid expansion of mining in Sub-Saharan Africa to analyze local structural shifts. It matches 109 openings and 84 closings of industrial mines to survey data for 800,000 individuals and exploits the spatial-temporal variation. With mine opening, women living within 20 km of a mine switch from self-employment in agriculture to working in services or they leave the work force. Men switch from agriculture to skilled manual labor. Effects are stronger in years of high world prices. Mining creates local boom-bust economies in Africa, with permanent effects on women’s labor market participation. 2015-05-07T21:52:46Z 2015-05-07T21:52:46Z 2015-04 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/04/24423239/african-mining-gender-local-employment http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21866 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7251 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT LIVING STANDARDS CHILD HEALTH JOBS EMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEY EMPLOYMENT RATE ECONOMIC GROWTH WORK FORCE GENDER INEQUALITY URBANIZATION LOCAL ECONOMY SEXUAL PARTNERS INTERCOURSE OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN FEWER WOMEN PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES SOCIAL RESEARCH LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CHILD SURVIVAL JOB FEMALE EMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS ELECTRICIANS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY NATIONAL LEVEL KNOWLEDGE SEX TRADE SERVICE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT INCREASES LABOR MARKET LABOR COSTS EMPLOYMENT LEVELS JOB OPPORTUNITIES DISPLACEMENT BARGAINING POWER WORKER DEMOCRACY INDUSTRIALIZATION MIGRATION SEXUAL RISK HOUSEHOLD INCOME GENDER NORMS EMPLOYMENT INCREASE POLLUTION CONDOM USE MARRIAGE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE LABOR ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS PLACE OF RESIDENCE MIGRANTS NATURAL RESOURCES RULE OF LAW MORTALITY PREVIOUS RESULTS CHILD CARE RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR RESPECT FEMALE LABOR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS PROGRESS INFANT MORTALITY INFANT HUMAN CAPITAL TRANSPORTATION WORKERS MALE PARTNERS POLICIES LOCAL LABOR MARKETS HIV WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER WAGE RATES CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CLUSTER LEVEL LABOUR MARKET OCCUPATION POPULATION DENSITY EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SOCIAL SCIENCE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES EARNING GENDER DISPARITIES MOTHER PRESENT ANALYSES POLICY CITIZENS SPILLOVER MANAGEMENT HUSBANDS ECONOMIC INEQUALITY LOCAL COMMUNITY NUMBER OF WOMEN NUMBER OF WORKERS SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEX ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN RESOLUTION WARS LOCAL COMMUNITIES WAR SOCIAL CONCERNS NATURAL RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCES PRODUCTIVITY GAP FEMALE LABOR FORCE YOUNG WOMEN CONDOM LABORERS SUBSISTENCE FARMING POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY MARITAL STATUS MANUAL LABOR MARRIED WOMEN POLICY RESEARCH CIVIL WAR WOMEN LABOUR SOCIAL ISSUES LABOR MARKETS AIDS GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY EMPLOYEES
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT LIVING STANDARDS CHILD HEALTH JOBS EMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD SURVEY EMPLOYMENT RATE ECONOMIC GROWTH WORK FORCE GENDER INEQUALITY URBANIZATION LOCAL ECONOMY SEXUAL PARTNERS INTERCOURSE OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN FEWER WOMEN PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES SOCIAL RESEARCH LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CHILD SURVIVAL JOB FEMALE EMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS ELECTRICIANS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY NATIONAL LEVEL KNOWLEDGE SEX TRADE SERVICE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT INCREASES LABOR MARKET LABOR COSTS EMPLOYMENT LEVELS JOB OPPORTUNITIES DISPLACEMENT BARGAINING POWER WORKER DEMOCRACY INDUSTRIALIZATION MIGRATION SEXUAL RISK HOUSEHOLD INCOME GENDER NORMS EMPLOYMENT INCREASE POLLUTION CONDOM USE MARRIAGE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE LABOR ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS PLACE OF RESIDENCE MIGRANTS NATURAL RESOURCES RULE OF LAW MORTALITY PREVIOUS RESULTS CHILD CARE RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR RESPECT FEMALE LABOR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS PROGRESS INFANT MORTALITY INFANT HUMAN CAPITAL TRANSPORTATION WORKERS MALE PARTNERS POLICIES LOCAL LABOR MARKETS HIV WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER WAGE RATES CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CLUSTER LEVEL LABOUR MARKET OCCUPATION POPULATION DENSITY EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SOCIAL SCIENCE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES EARNING GENDER DISPARITIES MOTHER PRESENT ANALYSES POLICY CITIZENS SPILLOVER MANAGEMENT HUSBANDS ECONOMIC INEQUALITY LOCAL COMMUNITY NUMBER OF WOMEN NUMBER OF WORKERS SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEX ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN RESOLUTION WARS LOCAL COMMUNITIES WAR SOCIAL CONCERNS NATURAL RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCES PRODUCTIVITY GAP FEMALE LABOR FORCE YOUNG WOMEN CONDOM LABORERS SUBSISTENCE FARMING POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY MARITAL STATUS MANUAL LABOR MARRIED WOMEN POLICY RESEARCH CIVIL WAR WOMEN LABOUR SOCIAL ISSUES LABOR MARKETS AIDS GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY EMPLOYEES Kotsadam, Andreas Tolonen, Anja African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment
geographic_facet	Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7251
description	It is a contentious issue whether large scale mining creates local employment, and the sector has been accused of hurting women’s labor supply and economic opportunities. This paper uses the rapid expansion of mining in Sub-Saharan Africa to analyze local structural shifts. It matches 109 openings and 84 closings of industrial mines to survey data for 800,000 individuals and exploits the spatial-temporal variation. With mine opening, women living within 20 km of a mine switch from self-employment in agriculture to working in services or they leave the work force. Men switch from agriculture to skilled manual labor. Effects are stronger in years of high world prices. Mining creates local boom-bust economies in Africa, with permanent effects on women’s labor market participation.
format	Working Paper
author	Kotsadam, Andreas Tolonen, Anja
author_facet	Kotsadam, Andreas Tolonen, Anja
author_sort	Kotsadam, Andreas
title	African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment
title_short	African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment
title_full	African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment
title_fullStr	African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment
title_full_unstemmed	African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment
title_sort	african mining, gender, and local employment
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/04/24423239/african-mining-gender-local-employment http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21866
_version_	1764449480595210240

African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment

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