'Missing Girls' in the South Caucasus Countries : Trends, Possible Causes, and Policy Options
Sex ratios at birth rose sharply in the South Caucasus countries after 1991, but recent data indicate that this trend is turning. What caused this rise, and what can be done to accelerate its normalization? Traditional kinship systems in the region...
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2015
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/04/24333343/“missing-girls”-south-caucasus-countries-trends-possible-causes-policy-options http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21850 |
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okr-10986-218502021-04-23T14:04:05Z 'Missing Girls' in the South Caucasus Countries : Trends, Possible Causes, and Policy Options Das Gupta, Monica CHILD HEALTH FERTILITY BEHAVIOR MASS MEDIA REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ECONOMIC GROWTH SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTION KINSHIP URBANIZATION FAMILY TIES YOUNG GIRLS OLD AGE SEX -SELECTIVE ABORTIONS ADVOCACY EFFORTS TRADITIONAL FAMILY MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS HEALTH EDUCATION POLICY CHANGE RATIO OF BOYS TO GIRLS LABOR FORCE ETHNIC GROUPS DISCRIMINATION HEALTH CARE GENDER EQUITY UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND SOCIAL PROTECTION MECHANISMS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POPULATION FUND LEVELS OF FERTILITY POPULATION RESEARCH CENTER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT GENDER BIAS FEMALE MORTALITY PUBLIC HEALTH SAFETY NETS TELEVISION HEALTH SECTOR PROTECTION MECHANISMS PUBLIC POLICY MINISTRY OF HEALTH TRAINING FORCED MIGRATION PACE OF URBANIZATION SMALL FAMILIES FERTILITY RATES POPULATION DIVISION BABY INDUSTRIALIZATION SECONDARY SCHOOL FERTILITY RATE MIGRATION HEALTH CARE SERVICES MORTALITY RATE FEMALE CHILDREN MARRIAGE TUBERCULOSIS PUBLIC SPHERE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SERVICE DELIVERY FAMILY COMPOSITION SEX -SELECTIVE ABORTION TV RULE OF LAW MATERNAL HEALTH CARE MORTALITY RADIO SEX RATIOS PROGRESS LIVE BIRTH INFANT GENDER GAPS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXCESS MORTALITY OLDER PEOPLE POLICIES SOCIAL SERVICES MASS COMMUNICATION WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ECONOMIC STATUS PENSIONS URBAN AREAS FAMILY PLANNING SOCIAL SCIENCE POPULATION RESEARCH REFUGEES SELECTIVE ABORTIONS PUBLIC LIFE MOTHER MALARIA HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES POLICY CITIZENS CONTRACEPTIVE USE CHILD MORTALITY SOCIAL AFFAIRS SEX HUMAN RIGHTS MATERNAL HEALTH POPULATION POLICY UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES RESOLUTION WAR WORLD POPULATION CENSUSES POPULATION ASSOCIATION RURAL AREAS OLDER PERSONS LOWER FERTILITY POPULATION LIVING CONDITIONS POLICY RESEARCH UNFPA SEX RATIO FERTILITY SOCIAL CHANGE CHILD HEALTH SERVICES REGISTRATION SYSTEMS WOMEN INHERITANCE FERTILITY DECLINE REMITTANCES URBAN POPULATION TERTIARY EDUCATION HEALTH SERVICES ABORTION BOTH SEXES GENDER EQUALITY EXTENDED FAMILY DEVELOPMENT POLICY SON PREFERENCE Sex ratios at birth rose sharply in the South Caucasus countries after 1991, but recent data indicate that this trend is turning. What caused this rise, and what can be done to accelerate its normalization? Traditional kinship systems in the region are similar to those of other settings with sex-selection: structured for collaboration among male kin and dependence only on sons, not daughters. Yet it is anomalous to find sex-selection in a region that under the Soviet Union has for long been substantially urbanized and gender-equitable in public life — factors associated with declines in sex-selection elsewhere. Sex-selection manifested itself only after the sudden economic and governance meltdown following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Jobs, basic services, and social protection mechanisms unraveled. People scrambled for coping mechanisms, and sons offer the traditional form of support under uncertainty. Basic services, pensions, and safety nets have been rebuilt, but the process involved years of policy changes. Strengthening these institutions, and maintaining credible continuity of expectations in them, is critical to accelerating normalization of sex ratios. 2015-05-04T19:19:58Z 2015-05-04T19:19:58Z 2015-04 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/04/24333343/“missing-girls”-south-caucasus-countries-trends-possible-causes-policy-options http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21850 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7236 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
CHILD HEALTH FERTILITY BEHAVIOR MASS MEDIA REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ECONOMIC GROWTH SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTION KINSHIP URBANIZATION FAMILY TIES YOUNG GIRLS OLD AGE SEX -SELECTIVE ABORTIONS ADVOCACY EFFORTS TRADITIONAL FAMILY MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS HEALTH EDUCATION POLICY CHANGE RATIO OF BOYS TO GIRLS LABOR FORCE ETHNIC GROUPS DISCRIMINATION HEALTH CARE GENDER EQUITY UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND SOCIAL PROTECTION MECHANISMS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POPULATION FUND LEVELS OF FERTILITY POPULATION RESEARCH CENTER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT GENDER BIAS FEMALE MORTALITY PUBLIC HEALTH SAFETY NETS TELEVISION HEALTH SECTOR PROTECTION MECHANISMS PUBLIC POLICY MINISTRY OF HEALTH TRAINING FORCED MIGRATION PACE OF URBANIZATION SMALL FAMILIES FERTILITY RATES POPULATION DIVISION BABY INDUSTRIALIZATION SECONDARY SCHOOL FERTILITY RATE MIGRATION HEALTH CARE SERVICES MORTALITY RATE FEMALE CHILDREN MARRIAGE TUBERCULOSIS PUBLIC SPHERE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SERVICE DELIVERY FAMILY COMPOSITION SEX -SELECTIVE ABORTION TV RULE OF LAW MATERNAL HEALTH CARE MORTALITY RADIO SEX RATIOS PROGRESS LIVE BIRTH INFANT GENDER GAPS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXCESS MORTALITY OLDER PEOPLE POLICIES SOCIAL SERVICES MASS COMMUNICATION WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ECONOMIC STATUS PENSIONS URBAN AREAS FAMILY PLANNING SOCIAL SCIENCE POPULATION RESEARCH REFUGEES SELECTIVE ABORTIONS PUBLIC LIFE MOTHER MALARIA HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES POLICY CITIZENS CONTRACEPTIVE USE CHILD MORTALITY SOCIAL AFFAIRS SEX HUMAN RIGHTS MATERNAL HEALTH POPULATION POLICY UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES RESOLUTION WAR WORLD POPULATION CENSUSES POPULATION ASSOCIATION RURAL AREAS OLDER PERSONS LOWER FERTILITY POPULATION LIVING CONDITIONS POLICY RESEARCH UNFPA SEX RATIO FERTILITY SOCIAL CHANGE CHILD HEALTH SERVICES REGISTRATION SYSTEMS WOMEN INHERITANCE FERTILITY DECLINE REMITTANCES URBAN POPULATION TERTIARY EDUCATION HEALTH SERVICES ABORTION BOTH SEXES GENDER EQUALITY EXTENDED FAMILY DEVELOPMENT POLICY SON PREFERENCE |
| spellingShingle |
CHILD HEALTH FERTILITY BEHAVIOR MASS MEDIA REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ECONOMIC GROWTH SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTION KINSHIP URBANIZATION FAMILY TIES YOUNG GIRLS OLD AGE SEX -SELECTIVE ABORTIONS ADVOCACY EFFORTS TRADITIONAL FAMILY MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS HEALTH EDUCATION POLICY CHANGE RATIO OF BOYS TO GIRLS LABOR FORCE ETHNIC GROUPS DISCRIMINATION HEALTH CARE GENDER EQUITY UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND SOCIAL PROTECTION MECHANISMS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POPULATION FUND LEVELS OF FERTILITY POPULATION RESEARCH CENTER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT GENDER BIAS FEMALE MORTALITY PUBLIC HEALTH SAFETY NETS TELEVISION HEALTH SECTOR PROTECTION MECHANISMS PUBLIC POLICY MINISTRY OF HEALTH TRAINING FORCED MIGRATION PACE OF URBANIZATION SMALL FAMILIES FERTILITY RATES POPULATION DIVISION BABY INDUSTRIALIZATION SECONDARY SCHOOL FERTILITY RATE MIGRATION HEALTH CARE SERVICES MORTALITY RATE FEMALE CHILDREN MARRIAGE TUBERCULOSIS PUBLIC SPHERE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SERVICE DELIVERY FAMILY COMPOSITION SEX -SELECTIVE ABORTION TV RULE OF LAW MATERNAL HEALTH CARE MORTALITY RADIO SEX RATIOS PROGRESS LIVE BIRTH INFANT GENDER GAPS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXCESS MORTALITY OLDER PEOPLE POLICIES SOCIAL SERVICES MASS COMMUNICATION WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ECONOMIC STATUS PENSIONS URBAN AREAS FAMILY PLANNING SOCIAL SCIENCE POPULATION RESEARCH REFUGEES SELECTIVE ABORTIONS PUBLIC LIFE MOTHER MALARIA HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES POLICY CITIZENS CONTRACEPTIVE USE CHILD MORTALITY SOCIAL AFFAIRS SEX HUMAN RIGHTS MATERNAL HEALTH POPULATION POLICY UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES RESOLUTION WAR WORLD POPULATION CENSUSES POPULATION ASSOCIATION RURAL AREAS OLDER PERSONS LOWER FERTILITY POPULATION LIVING CONDITIONS POLICY RESEARCH UNFPA SEX RATIO FERTILITY SOCIAL CHANGE CHILD HEALTH SERVICES REGISTRATION SYSTEMS WOMEN INHERITANCE FERTILITY DECLINE REMITTANCES URBAN POPULATION TERTIARY EDUCATION HEALTH SERVICES ABORTION BOTH SEXES GENDER EQUALITY EXTENDED FAMILY DEVELOPMENT POLICY SON PREFERENCE Das Gupta, Monica 'Missing Girls' in the South Caucasus Countries : Trends, Possible Causes, and Policy Options |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7236 |
| description |
Sex ratios at birth rose sharply in the
South Caucasus countries after 1991, but recent data
indicate that this trend is turning. What caused this rise,
and what can be done to accelerate its normalization?
Traditional kinship systems in the region are similar to
those of other settings with sex-selection: structured for
collaboration among male kin and dependence only on sons,
not daughters. Yet it is anomalous to find sex-selection in
a region that under the Soviet Union has for long been
substantially urbanized and gender-equitable in public life
— factors associated with declines in sex-selection
elsewhere. Sex-selection manifested itself only after the
sudden economic and governance meltdown following the
dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Jobs, basic
services, and social protection mechanisms unraveled. People
scrambled for coping mechanisms, and sons offer the
traditional form of support under uncertainty. Basic
services, pensions, and safety nets have been rebuilt, but
the process involved years of policy changes. Strengthening
these institutions, and maintaining credible continuity of
expectations in them, is critical to accelerating
normalization of sex ratios. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Das Gupta, Monica |
| author_facet |
Das Gupta, Monica |
| author_sort |
Das Gupta, Monica |
| title |
'Missing Girls' in the South Caucasus Countries : Trends, Possible Causes, and Policy Options |
| title_short |
'Missing Girls' in the South Caucasus Countries : Trends, Possible Causes, and Policy Options |
| title_full |
'Missing Girls' in the South Caucasus Countries : Trends, Possible Causes, and Policy Options |
| title_fullStr |
'Missing Girls' in the South Caucasus Countries : Trends, Possible Causes, and Policy Options |
| title_full_unstemmed |
'Missing Girls' in the South Caucasus Countries : Trends, Possible Causes, and Policy Options |
| title_sort |
'missing girls' in the south caucasus countries : trends, possible causes, and policy options |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/04/24333343/“missing-girls”-south-caucasus-countries-trends-possible-causes-policy-options http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21850 |
| _version_ |
1764449431669702656 |