World Bank Lending for Financial Inclusion : Lessons from Reviews of Select Projects

The purpose of the paper is to present a more granular view of such projects through the in-depth focus on a limited number of case studies, with a view to understanding what factors in the design of such lending have helped achieve objectives of e...

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Main Authors: Kumar, Anjali, Narain, Sushma, Rubbani, Swizen
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank Group, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:
MFI
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/24171436/world-bank-lending-financial-inclusion-lessons-reviews-select-projects
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21796
id okr-10986-21796
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
ACCESS TO MARKET
ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
AFFORDABLE FINANCIAL SERVICES
AGRICULTURAL BANK
AGRICULTURE BANK
APEX BANK
APEX BANKS
AUTONOMY
BANK ACCESS
BANK BORROWERS
BANK BRANCH
BANK BRANCHES
BANK CREDIT
BANK LENDING
BANK LOAN
BANKING SYSTEM
BANKS
BORROWER
BORROWING
BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
CAPACITY BUILDING
CAPITAL ADEQUACY
CENTRAL BANKS
COLLATERAL
COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMUNITY BANK
COMMUNITY BANKS
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
COUNTERPART FUNDS
CREDIT BUREAU
CREDIT CONSTRAINTS
CREDIT DECISIONS
CREDIT DELIVERY
CREDIT HISTORIES
CREDIT INFORMATION
CREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEM
CREDIT LINE
CREDIT LINES
CREDIT PROGRAMS
CREDIT REGISTRIES
CREDIT RISK
CREDIT SCHEMES
CREDITORS
CREDITWORTHINESS
DEBT
DEBT FINANCING
DEMAND FOR CREDIT
DEPOSIT
DEPOSITORS
DEPOSITS
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DEVELOPMENT BANKS
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTION
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTIONS
DIRECTED CREDIT
DIVERSIFICATION
DONOR FUNDING
DONOR FUNDS
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC POLICY
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
ELIGIBLE BORROWERS
EMPLOYMENT
ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
ENTREPRENEURS
EQUITY REQUIREMENTS
FINANCIAL ACCESS
FINANCIAL DEPTH
FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL OUTREACH
FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
FINANCIAL REFORM
FINANCIAL REGULATION
FINANCIAL SECTOR ASSESSMENT
FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
FINANCIAL SECTOR POLICY
FINANCIAL SERVICE
FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
FIRST-TIME BORROWERS
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL CREDIT
FORMAL FINANCE
FORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FORMAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
FUNDING SOURCE
FUNDING SOURCES
GENDER
GOOD BANK
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
HIGH INTEREST RATES
HOUSEHOLDS
INFLATION
INFORMAL FINANCE
INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INFORMATION ON CREDIT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS
INSURANCE
INTEREST RATE
INVESTMENT BANK
LACK OF ACCESS
LACK OF CREDIT
LAWS
LENDER
LINE OF CREDIT
LINES OF CREDIT
LIQUIDATION
LOAN
LOAN AMOUNT
LOAN AMOUNTS
LOAN COMMITMENTS
LOAN PORTFOLIO
LOAN PROCESSING
LOAN RECOVERY
LOAN REPAYMENT
LOAN REPAYMENT RATES
LOAN SIZE
LOAN STRUCTURE
LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
MATCHING GRANTS
MFI
MFIS
MICRO CREDIT
MICRO- ENTREPRENEURS
MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS
MICROCREDIT
MICROFINANCE
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
MICROFINANCE LENDING
MICROFINANCE LOAN
MUNICIPALITIES
NATURE OF ACCESS
NOMINAL INTEREST RATE
NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
NONBANKS
OUTREACH
OUTSTANDING LOAN
OUTSTANDING LOANS
POLICY ENVIRONMENT
PRIVATE BANKS
PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS
PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
PRIVATE SECTOR LENDERS
PRIVILEGED ACCESS
PRODUCTIVITY
PUBLIC BANK
PUBLIC BANKS
RATES OF INTEREST
RECESSION
REPAYMENT
REPAYMENT RATES
REPAYMENTS
RESERVE REQUIREMENTS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
REVOLVING FUND
RISK MANAGEMENT
RURAL BANK
RURAL BANKING
RURAL BANKS
RURAL CREDIT
RURAL FINANCE
RURAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
RURAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
SAFE ASSET
SAFE ASSETS
SAFETY NETS
SAVINGS
SAVINGS GROUPS
SMALL BORROWERS
SMALL BUSINESS
SMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT
SMALL LOANS
SOFT LOANS
SPECIAL CREDIT
STATE SUPPORT
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
SUBSIDIZATION
SUPERVISORY FRAMEWORK
SUPPLY OF CREDIT
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
TERM CREDIT
TRADITIONAL LOAN
TRANSACTION COSTS
UNIVERSAL FINANCIAL ACCESS
URBAN AREAS
spellingShingle ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
ACCESS TO MARKET
ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
AFFORDABLE FINANCIAL SERVICES
AGRICULTURAL BANK
AGRICULTURE BANK
APEX BANK
APEX BANKS
AUTONOMY
BANK ACCESS
BANK BORROWERS
BANK BRANCH
BANK BRANCHES
BANK CREDIT
BANK LENDING
BANK LOAN
BANKING SYSTEM
BANKS
BORROWER
BORROWING
BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
CAPACITY BUILDING
CAPITAL ADEQUACY
CENTRAL BANKS
COLLATERAL
COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMUNITY BANK
COMMUNITY BANKS
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
COUNTERPART FUNDS
CREDIT BUREAU
CREDIT CONSTRAINTS
CREDIT DECISIONS
CREDIT DELIVERY
CREDIT HISTORIES
CREDIT INFORMATION
CREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEM
CREDIT LINE
CREDIT LINES
CREDIT PROGRAMS
CREDIT REGISTRIES
CREDIT RISK
CREDIT SCHEMES
CREDITORS
CREDITWORTHINESS
DEBT
DEBT FINANCING
DEMAND FOR CREDIT
DEPOSIT
DEPOSITORS
DEPOSITS
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DEVELOPMENT BANKS
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTION
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTIONS
DIRECTED CREDIT
DIVERSIFICATION
DONOR FUNDING
DONOR FUNDS
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC POLICY
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
ELIGIBLE BORROWERS
EMPLOYMENT
ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
ENTREPRENEURS
EQUITY REQUIREMENTS
FINANCIAL ACCESS
FINANCIAL DEPTH
FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL OUTREACH
FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
FINANCIAL REFORM
FINANCIAL REGULATION
FINANCIAL SECTOR ASSESSMENT
FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
FINANCIAL SECTOR POLICY
FINANCIAL SERVICE
FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
FIRST-TIME BORROWERS
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL CREDIT
FORMAL FINANCE
FORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FORMAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
FUNDING SOURCE
FUNDING SOURCES
GENDER
GOOD BANK
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
HIGH INTEREST RATES
HOUSEHOLDS
INFLATION
INFORMAL FINANCE
INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INFORMATION ON CREDIT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS
INSURANCE
INTEREST RATE
INVESTMENT BANK
LACK OF ACCESS
LACK OF CREDIT
LAWS
LENDER
LINE OF CREDIT
LINES OF CREDIT
LIQUIDATION
LOAN
LOAN AMOUNT
LOAN AMOUNTS
LOAN COMMITMENTS
LOAN PORTFOLIO
LOAN PROCESSING
LOAN RECOVERY
LOAN REPAYMENT
LOAN REPAYMENT RATES
LOAN SIZE
LOAN STRUCTURE
LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
MATCHING GRANTS
MFI
MFIS
MICRO CREDIT
MICRO- ENTREPRENEURS
MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS
MICROCREDIT
MICROFINANCE
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
MICROFINANCE LENDING
MICROFINANCE LOAN
MUNICIPALITIES
NATURE OF ACCESS
NOMINAL INTEREST RATE
NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
NONBANKS
OUTREACH
OUTSTANDING LOAN
OUTSTANDING LOANS
POLICY ENVIRONMENT
PRIVATE BANKS
PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS
PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
PRIVATE SECTOR LENDERS
PRIVILEGED ACCESS
PRODUCTIVITY
PUBLIC BANK
PUBLIC BANKS
RATES OF INTEREST
RECESSION
REPAYMENT
REPAYMENT RATES
REPAYMENTS
RESERVE REQUIREMENTS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
REVOLVING FUND
RISK MANAGEMENT
RURAL BANK
RURAL BANKING
RURAL BANKS
RURAL CREDIT
RURAL FINANCE
RURAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
RURAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
SAFE ASSET
SAFE ASSETS
SAFETY NETS
SAVINGS
SAVINGS GROUPS
SMALL BORROWERS
SMALL BUSINESS
SMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT
SMALL LOANS
SOFT LOANS
SPECIAL CREDIT
STATE SUPPORT
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
SUBSIDIZATION
SUPERVISORY FRAMEWORK
SUPPLY OF CREDIT
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
TERM CREDIT
TRADITIONAL LOAN
TRANSACTION COSTS
UNIVERSAL FINANCIAL ACCESS
URBAN AREAS
Kumar, Anjali
Narain, Sushma
Rubbani, Swizen
World Bank Lending for Financial Inclusion : Lessons from Reviews of Select Projects
relation IEG working paper series;no. 2015/1
description The purpose of the paper is to present a more granular view of such projects through the in-depth focus on a limited number of case studies, with a view to understanding what factors in the design of such lending have helped achieve objectives of expanded access, and what forms of interventions may have been less successful. It examines the nature of Bank lending vehicles, the partnering borrower institutions, the country environments in which its loans were extended, as well as broader elements of good practice that make for loan success. It examines the beneficiaries targeted and results achieved. It aims to draws lessons that suggest what factors could lead to success or failure in Bank operations focused on financial access. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: section two briefly describes the set of the Bank s projects selected for detailed review. Sections three to six contain the core findings of the review. Section 3 focuses on alternative forms of borrower institutions that have served as vehicles for Bank projects, particularly, public sector banks, apex bank structures that include the private sector, rural banks, nonbanks, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and microfinance institutions, in terms of the degree to which the Bank has been able to successfully partner with such institutions to expand financial access. It also looks at alternative forms of Bank loan design, policy-based loans, investment loans and lines of credit, Learning and Innovation Loans (LILs), matching grants, technical assistance and combinations thereof, and reviews evidence on the role of loan structure (including partnerships with other donors/lenders) and project success. Section four considers the effect of the broader business environment, in terms of financial regulation. Section five reviews elements of good practice that have contributed to success in lending that could be applicable to loans with any objective, and examines their application in the present context. Section six tries to construct a bottom line, reviewing available evidence on outcomes and impact; especially in terms of the ultimate beneficiaries reached. Section seven, the final section, summarizes the main messages emerging from the review and concludes with observations about ways forward.
format Working Paper
author Kumar, Anjali
Narain, Sushma
Rubbani, Swizen
author_facet Kumar, Anjali
Narain, Sushma
Rubbani, Swizen
author_sort Kumar, Anjali
title World Bank Lending for Financial Inclusion : Lessons from Reviews of Select Projects
title_short World Bank Lending for Financial Inclusion : Lessons from Reviews of Select Projects
title_full World Bank Lending for Financial Inclusion : Lessons from Reviews of Select Projects
title_fullStr World Bank Lending for Financial Inclusion : Lessons from Reviews of Select Projects
title_full_unstemmed World Bank Lending for Financial Inclusion : Lessons from Reviews of Select Projects
title_sort world bank lending for financial inclusion : lessons from reviews of select projects
publisher World Bank Group, Washington, DC
publishDate 2015
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/24171436/world-bank-lending-financial-inclusion-lessons-reviews-select-projects
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21796
_version_ 1764449198210547712
spelling okr-10986-217962021-04-23T14:04:04Z World Bank Lending for Financial Inclusion : Lessons from Reviews of Select Projects Kumar, Anjali Narain, Sushma Rubbani, Swizen ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO MARKET ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS AFFORDABLE FINANCIAL SERVICES AGRICULTURAL BANK AGRICULTURE BANK APEX BANK APEX BANKS AUTONOMY BANK ACCESS BANK BORROWERS BANK BRANCH BANK BRANCHES BANK CREDIT BANK LENDING BANK LOAN BANKING SYSTEM BANKS BORROWER BORROWING BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CAPACITY BUILDING CAPITAL ADEQUACY CENTRAL BANKS COLLATERAL COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS COMMERCIAL BANK COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMUNITY BANK COMMUNITY BANKS CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT COUNTERPART FUNDS CREDIT BUREAU CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CREDIT DECISIONS CREDIT DELIVERY CREDIT HISTORIES CREDIT INFORMATION CREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEM CREDIT LINE CREDIT LINES CREDIT PROGRAMS CREDIT REGISTRIES CREDIT RISK CREDIT SCHEMES CREDITORS CREDITWORTHINESS DEBT DEBT FINANCING DEMAND FOR CREDIT DEPOSIT DEPOSITORS DEPOSITS DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT BANKS DEVELOPMENT FINANCE DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTIONS DIRECTED CREDIT DIVERSIFICATION DONOR FUNDING DONOR FUNDS EARNINGS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ELIGIBLE BORROWERS EMPLOYMENT ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT ENTREPRENEURS EQUITY REQUIREMENTS FINANCIAL ACCESS FINANCIAL DEPTH FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCIAL INSTITUTION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL OUTREACH FINANCIAL PRODUCTS FINANCIAL REFORM FINANCIAL REGULATION FINANCIAL SECTOR ASSESSMENT FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL SECTOR POLICY FINANCIAL SERVICE FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FINANCIAL SYSTEM FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS FIRST-TIME BORROWERS FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN INVESTMENT FORMAL CREDIT FORMAL FINANCE FORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FORMAL FINANCIAL MARKETS FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES FUNDING SOURCE FUNDING SOURCES GENDER GOOD BANK GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SECURITIES HIGH INTEREST RATES HOUSEHOLDS INFLATION INFORMAL FINANCE INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INFORMATION ON CREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INSURANCE INTEREST RATE INVESTMENT BANK LACK OF ACCESS LACK OF CREDIT LAWS LENDER LINE OF CREDIT LINES OF CREDIT LIQUIDATION LOAN LOAN AMOUNT LOAN AMOUNTS LOAN COMMITMENTS LOAN PORTFOLIO LOAN PROCESSING LOAN RECOVERY LOAN REPAYMENT LOAN REPAYMENT RATES LOAN SIZE LOAN STRUCTURE LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS MATCHING GRANTS MFI MFIS MICRO CREDIT MICRO- ENTREPRENEURS MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS MICROCREDIT MICROFINANCE MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS MICROFINANCE LENDING MICROFINANCE LOAN MUNICIPALITIES NATURE OF ACCESS NOMINAL INTEREST RATE NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS NONBANKS OUTREACH OUTSTANDING LOAN OUTSTANDING LOANS POLICY ENVIRONMENT PRIVATE BANKS PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS PRIVATE SECTOR LENDERS PRIVILEGED ACCESS PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC BANK PUBLIC BANKS RATES OF INTEREST RECESSION REPAYMENT REPAYMENT RATES REPAYMENTS RESERVE REQUIREMENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION REVOLVING FUND RISK MANAGEMENT RURAL BANK RURAL BANKING RURAL BANKS RURAL CREDIT RURAL FINANCE RURAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS RURAL FINANCIAL SERVICES SAFE ASSET SAFE ASSETS SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SAVINGS GROUPS SMALL BORROWERS SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT SMALL LOANS SOFT LOANS SPECIAL CREDIT STATE SUPPORT STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUBSIDIZATION SUPERVISORY FRAMEWORK SUPPLY OF CREDIT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT TERM CREDIT TRADITIONAL LOAN TRANSACTION COSTS UNIVERSAL FINANCIAL ACCESS URBAN AREAS The purpose of the paper is to present a more granular view of such projects through the in-depth focus on a limited number of case studies, with a view to understanding what factors in the design of such lending have helped achieve objectives of expanded access, and what forms of interventions may have been less successful. It examines the nature of Bank lending vehicles, the partnering borrower institutions, the country environments in which its loans were extended, as well as broader elements of good practice that make for loan success. It examines the beneficiaries targeted and results achieved. It aims to draws lessons that suggest what factors could lead to success or failure in Bank operations focused on financial access. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: section two briefly describes the set of the Bank s projects selected for detailed review. Sections three to six contain the core findings of the review. Section 3 focuses on alternative forms of borrower institutions that have served as vehicles for Bank projects, particularly, public sector banks, apex bank structures that include the private sector, rural banks, nonbanks, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and microfinance institutions, in terms of the degree to which the Bank has been able to successfully partner with such institutions to expand financial access. It also looks at alternative forms of Bank loan design, policy-based loans, investment loans and lines of credit, Learning and Innovation Loans (LILs), matching grants, technical assistance and combinations thereof, and reviews evidence on the role of loan structure (including partnerships with other donors/lenders) and project success. Section four considers the effect of the broader business environment, in terms of financial regulation. Section five reviews elements of good practice that have contributed to success in lending that could be applicable to loans with any objective, and examines their application in the present context. Section six tries to construct a bottom line, reviewing available evidence on outcomes and impact; especially in terms of the ultimate beneficiaries reached. Section seven, the final section, summarizes the main messages emerging from the review and concludes with observations about ways forward. 2015-04-27T21:54:18Z 2015-04-27T21:54:18Z 2015 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/24171436/world-bank-lending-financial-inclusion-lessons-reviews-select-projects 978-1-60244-257-3 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21796 English en_US IEG working paper series;no. 2015/1 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank Group, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Publication