Fiscal Constraints, Collection Costs, and Trade Policies

That free trade allows economies in an ideal world to achieve the greatest possible welfare is one of the few undisputed propositions in economics. In reality, however, free trade is rare. The author argues that many developing countries intervene in trade at least partly to raise revenues, and that...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Kubota, Keiko
Format:	Publications & Research
Language:	en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	accounting administrative capacity agriculture allocation of resources balance of payments balance of payments crisis bonds budget deficit capital goods central bank central government citizens conditionality constitution corporate income tax corruption debt debt service demand curve demand elasticity deregulation developed countries distortionary effects domestic demand domestic industries domestic market domestic taxes econometric analysis economic policies economic policy elasticities elasticity elasticity of demand empirical analysis empirical evidence evasion exchange rate excise taxes expenditure expenditures export quantity export taxes exports external tariff federal government fiscal fiscal burden fiscal crisis fiscal performance fiscal reform fiscal reforms fiscal shock fiscal stance fixed costs foreign debt foreign direct investment foreign exchange foreign exchange reserves foreign loans foreign trade free trade GDP government finance government revenue government revenues government spending government's policy import duties import duty import tariffs imports income income taxes industrial policy infant industry argument inflation inflation taxes international trade investment incentives less developed countries macroeconomic crises macroeconomic stabilization marginal cost marginal tax rates market power market structure Ministry of Finance natural resources oil oil prices optimal tariffs per capita income political economy price elasticities price stability producers public enterprises public finance quantitative restrictions quotas rationalization real GDP revenue collection revenue growth revenue sources sales taxes state enterprises strategic trade policy structural adjustment structure of government surcharges tariff rate tariff rates tariff revenues tax tax collection tax collections tax exemptions tax payment tax policy tax rate tax rates tax receipts tax reform tax reforms tax regime tax returns tax revenue tax revenues tax system tax systems taxation technical assistance terms of trade trade barriers trade liberalization trade policies trade protection trade reforms trade regime trade restrictions trade taxes utility function value added value added taxes wages fiscal constraints trade policy welfare economics developing countries case studies revenue mobilization tariff policy fiscal policy quota calculations econometric models of international trade UNCTAD Trade & Development Board
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21460