Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia : Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles

Substantial upward economic mobility in the majority of countries in Europe and Central Asia in the 2000s translated into achievements in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Although factors associated with upward mobility vary signifi...

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Main Authors:	Cancho, Cesar, Davalos, Maria E., Demarchi, Giorgia, Meyer, Moritz, Sanchez Paramo, Carolina
Format:	Publications & Research
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank Group, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE TERMS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHRONIC POVERTY CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION MEASURE COUNTRY EXPERIENCES COUNTRY INEQUALITY COUNTRY LEVEL CROP PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DATA AVAILABILITY DATA SET DECLINING INEQUALITY DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC GROWTH PROSPECTS ECONOMIC REFORM EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL MODEL EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERMS ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES EXTREME POVERTY EXTREME POVERTY LINE FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL CRISIS GENDER GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATES HEALTH EXPENDITURES HIGH GROWTH HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INCOME SHARES INCOMES INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INEQUALITY INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INTEREST RATES INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCALITIES MARGINAL EFFECT MARKET INCOME MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN GROWTH MIDDLE CLASS MOBILITY NATURAL DISASTER NATURAL DISASTERS NEGATIVE SHOCKS NET CHANGES NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS OBSERVED POVERTY REDUCTION OLD AGE PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY AREAS POLICY DISCUSSION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY MAKING POLICY PERSPECTIVE POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE IMPACT POVERTY CHANGES POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY FOCUS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SERIES POVERTY THRESHOLD PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE TRANSFERS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC HOUSING PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC TRANSFERS PUBLIC TRANSPORT QUALITATIVE DATA QUALITY OF LIFE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL ANALYSIS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL PATTERNS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL POVERTY LINE REGIONAL POVERTY LINES REGIONAL RESULTS REGIONAL STANDARDS REGRESSION ANALYSES REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POSITION RISING INEQUALITY RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET RURAL MEN RURAL WOMEN SAVINGS SCHOOLING SECTOR EMPLOYEES SECTORAL COMPOSITION SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL SCIENCE SUB-REGION SUB-REGIONS SUBREGIONS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TRAFFIC TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WELFARE DISTRIBUTION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23855033/economic-mobility-europe-central-asia-exploring-patterns-uncovering-puzzles http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21390

id	okr-10986-21390
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ABSOLUTE TERMS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHRONIC POVERTY CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION MEASURE COUNTRY EXPERIENCES COUNTRY INEQUALITY COUNTRY LEVEL CROP PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DATA AVAILABILITY DATA SET DECLINING INEQUALITY DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC GROWTH PROSPECTS ECONOMIC REFORM EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL MODEL EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERMS ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES EXTREME POVERTY EXTREME POVERTY LINE FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL CRISIS GENDER GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATES HEALTH EXPENDITURES HIGH GROWTH HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INCOME SHARES INCOMES INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INEQUALITY INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INTEREST RATES INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCALITIES MARGINAL EFFECT MARKET INCOME MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN GROWTH MIDDLE CLASS MOBILITY NATURAL DISASTER NATURAL DISASTERS NEGATIVE SHOCKS NET CHANGES NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS OBSERVED POVERTY REDUCTION OLD AGE PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY AREAS POLICY DISCUSSION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY MAKING POLICY PERSPECTIVE POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE IMPACT POVERTY CHANGES POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY FOCUS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SERIES POVERTY THRESHOLD PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE TRANSFERS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC HOUSING PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC TRANSFERS PUBLIC TRANSPORT QUALITATIVE DATA QUALITY OF LIFE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL ANALYSIS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL PATTERNS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL POVERTY LINE REGIONAL POVERTY LINES REGIONAL RESULTS REGIONAL STANDARDS REGRESSION ANALYSES REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POSITION RISING INEQUALITY RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET RURAL MEN RURAL WOMEN SAVINGS SCHOOLING SECTOR EMPLOYEES SECTORAL COMPOSITION SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL SCIENCE SUB-REGION SUB-REGIONS SUBREGIONS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TRAFFIC TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WELFARE DISTRIBUTION
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE TERMS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHRONIC POVERTY CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION MEASURE COUNTRY EXPERIENCES COUNTRY INEQUALITY COUNTRY LEVEL CROP PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DATA AVAILABILITY DATA SET DECLINING INEQUALITY DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC GROWTH PROSPECTS ECONOMIC REFORM EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL MODEL EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERMS ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES EXTREME POVERTY EXTREME POVERTY LINE FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL CRISIS GENDER GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATES HEALTH EXPENDITURES HIGH GROWTH HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INCOME SHARES INCOMES INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INEQUALITY INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INTEREST RATES INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCALITIES MARGINAL EFFECT MARKET INCOME MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN GROWTH MIDDLE CLASS MOBILITY NATURAL DISASTER NATURAL DISASTERS NEGATIVE SHOCKS NET CHANGES NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS OBSERVED POVERTY REDUCTION OLD AGE PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY AREAS POLICY DISCUSSION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY MAKING POLICY PERSPECTIVE POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE IMPACT POVERTY CHANGES POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY FOCUS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SERIES POVERTY THRESHOLD PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE TRANSFERS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC HOUSING PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC TRANSFERS PUBLIC TRANSPORT QUALITATIVE DATA QUALITY OF LIFE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL ANALYSIS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL PATTERNS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL POVERTY LINE REGIONAL POVERTY LINES REGIONAL RESULTS REGIONAL STANDARDS REGRESSION ANALYSES REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POSITION RISING INEQUALITY RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET RURAL MEN RURAL WOMEN SAVINGS SCHOOLING SECTOR EMPLOYEES SECTORAL COMPOSITION SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL SCIENCE SUB-REGION SUB-REGIONS SUBREGIONS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TRAFFIC TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WELFARE DISTRIBUTION Cancho, Cesar Davalos, Maria E. Demarchi, Giorgia Meyer, Moritz Sanchez Paramo, Carolina Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia : Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Central Asia Eastern Europe
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7173
description	Substantial upward economic mobility in the majority of countries in Europe and Central Asia in the 2000s translated into achievements in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Although factors associated with upward mobility vary significantly by country, education and jobs undoubtedly play an important role in lifting households out of poverty and helping them to improve their living standards. This study finds there is a puzzling mismatch between the objective economic mobility patterns observed in survey data and people's subjective perception of their mobility. A majority of people in the region perceives they are worse off economically than in the past and voice frustration over limited opportunities to improve their lives. This disconnect is partly explained by increased inequality in the region, an increasing sense of unfairness in the processes to move up, and a more marked sense of insecurity and vulnerability. Although the region has been making headway in lifting households out of poverty, ensuring sustainable progress toward poverty reduction and shared prosperity requires policies that promote human capital accumulation, foster job creation, and offer adequate protection to improve households' resilience to shocks.
format	Publications & Research
author	Cancho, Cesar Davalos, Maria E. Demarchi, Giorgia Meyer, Moritz Sanchez Paramo, Carolina
author_facet	Cancho, Cesar Davalos, Maria E. Demarchi, Giorgia Meyer, Moritz Sanchez Paramo, Carolina
author_sort	Cancho, Cesar
title	Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia : Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles
title_short	Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia : Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles
title_full	Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia : Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles
title_fullStr	Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia : Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles
title_full_unstemmed	Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia : Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles
title_sort	economic mobility in europe and central asia : exploring patterns and uncovering puzzles
publisher	World Bank Group, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23855033/economic-mobility-europe-central-asia-exploring-patterns-uncovering-puzzles http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21390
_version_	1764448124088090624
spelling	okr-10986-213902021-04-23T14:04:02Z Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia : Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles Cancho, Cesar Davalos, Maria E. Demarchi, Giorgia Meyer, Moritz Sanchez Paramo, Carolina ABSOLUTE TERMS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHRONIC POVERTY CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION MEASURE COUNTRY EXPERIENCES COUNTRY INEQUALITY COUNTRY LEVEL CROP PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DATA AVAILABILITY DATA SET DECLINING INEQUALITY DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC GROWTH PROSPECTS ECONOMIC REFORM EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL MODEL EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERMS ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES EXTREME POVERTY EXTREME POVERTY LINE FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL CRISIS GENDER GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATES HEALTH EXPENDITURES HIGH GROWTH HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INCOME SHARES INCOMES INCREASED INEQUALITY INCREASING INEQUALITY INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INTEREST RATES INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCALITIES MARGINAL EFFECT MARKET INCOME MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN GROWTH MIDDLE CLASS MOBILITY NATURAL DISASTER NATURAL DISASTERS NEGATIVE SHOCKS NET CHANGES NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS OBSERVED POVERTY REDUCTION OLD AGE PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE POINT ESTIMATES POLICY AREAS POLICY DISCUSSION POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY MAKING POLICY PERSPECTIVE POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE IMPACT POVERTY CHANGES POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY FOCUS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY SERIES POVERTY THRESHOLD PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE TRANSFERS PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC HOUSING PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC TRANSFERS PUBLIC TRANSPORT QUALITATIVE DATA QUALITY OF LIFE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL ANALYSIS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL PATTERNS REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL POVERTY LINE REGIONAL POVERTY LINES REGIONAL RESULTS REGIONAL STANDARDS REGRESSION ANALYSES REGRESSION ANALYSIS REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE POSITION RISING INEQUALITY RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET RURAL MEN RURAL WOMEN SAVINGS SCHOOLING SECTOR EMPLOYEES SECTORAL COMPOSITION SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL SCIENCE SUB-REGION SUB-REGIONS SUBREGIONS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TRAFFIC TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WELFARE DISTRIBUTION Substantial upward economic mobility in the majority of countries in Europe and Central Asia in the 2000s translated into achievements in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Although factors associated with upward mobility vary significantly by country, education and jobs undoubtedly play an important role in lifting households out of poverty and helping them to improve their living standards. This study finds there is a puzzling mismatch between the objective economic mobility patterns observed in survey data and people's subjective perception of their mobility. A majority of people in the region perceives they are worse off economically than in the past and voice frustration over limited opportunities to improve their lives. This disconnect is partly explained by increased inequality in the region, an increasing sense of unfairness in the processes to move up, and a more marked sense of insecurity and vulnerability. Although the region has been making headway in lifting households out of poverty, ensuring sustainable progress toward poverty reduction and shared prosperity requires policies that promote human capital accumulation, foster job creation, and offer adequate protection to improve households' resilience to shocks. 2015-02-03T16:05:47Z 2015-02-03T16:05:47Z 2015-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23855033/economic-mobility-europe-central-asia-exploring-patterns-uncovering-puzzles http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21390 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7173 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Group, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Central Asia Eastern Europe

Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia : Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles

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