HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response

This report provides a systematic review of the evidence on HIV vulnerability and response in all 53 countries of the WHO European Region, stretching from Iceland to the borders of China. It focuses on key populations most at risk of HIV infection: people who inject drugs, sex workers and men who ha...

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Main Authors:	Platt, Lucy, Jolley, Emma, Hope, Vivian, Latypov, Alisher, Vickerman, Peter, Hickson, Ford, Reynolds, Lucy, Rhodes, Tim
Format:	Publications & Research
Language:	en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2015
Subjects:	HIV/AIDS AIDS HIV MSM men who have sex with men people who inject drugs prevention HIV prevention sex workers surveillance systematic review vulnerable groups
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21361

id	okr-10986-21361
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-213612021-04-23T14:04:01Z HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response Platt, Lucy Jolley, Emma Hope, Vivian Latypov, Alisher Vickerman, Peter Hickson, Ford Reynolds, Lucy Rhodes, Tim HIV/AIDS AIDS HIV MSM men who have sex with men people who inject drugs prevention HIV prevention sex workers surveillance systematic review vulnerable groups This report provides a systematic review of the evidence on HIV vulnerability and response in all 53 countries of the WHO European Region, stretching from Iceland to the borders of China. It focuses on key populations most at risk of HIV infection: people who inject drugs, sex workers and men who have sex with men. It confirms that these populations are disproportionately affected by the growing HIV epidemic in Europe. Twenty-five percent of HIV diagnoses in Europe are associated with injecting drug use, with much higher proportions in Eastern Europe (33%) than in Western Europe (5%) and Central Europe (7%). Sex between men accounted for 10% of all HIV diagnoses, with higher rates reported in Western Europe (36%), followed by Central Europe (22%) and Eastern Europe (0.5%). HIV remains relatively low among female sex workers who do not inject drugs, (less than 1%), but higher among those who inject drugs (over 10%) as well as among male and transgender sex workers. The analysis highlights the pivotal role of social and structural factors in shaping HIV epidemics and HIV prevention responses. Poverty, marginalization and stigma contribute to the HIV epidemic in Europe and Central Asia. Economic volatility and recession risks are increasing vulnerability to HIV and infections. Barriers to successful HIV responses include the criminalization of sex work, of sex between men, and of drug use combined with social stigmatization, violence and rights violations. HIV prevention requires social and environmental change. The report calls for policymakers and HIV program implementers to target the right policies and programs to maximize the health and social impacts of Europe’s HIV responses and get higher returns on HIV-related investments. The report is a product of a collaboration between the World Bank, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the WHO Regional Office for Europe and UNAIDS. 2015-01-29T15:05:35Z 2015-01-29T15:05:35Z 2015-01-28 978-1-4648-0388-8 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21361 en_US Directions in Development--Human Development; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Publication Europe and Central Asia Europe
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	en_US
topic	HIV/AIDS AIDS HIV MSM men who have sex with men people who inject drugs prevention HIV prevention sex workers surveillance systematic review vulnerable groups
spellingShingle	HIV/AIDS AIDS HIV MSM men who have sex with men people who inject drugs prevention HIV prevention sex workers surveillance systematic review vulnerable groups Platt, Lucy Jolley, Emma Hope, Vivian Latypov, Alisher Vickerman, Peter Hickson, Ford Reynolds, Lucy Rhodes, Tim HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Europe
relation	Directions in Development--Human Development;
description	This report provides a systematic review of the evidence on HIV vulnerability and response in all 53 countries of the WHO European Region, stretching from Iceland to the borders of China. It focuses on key populations most at risk of HIV infection: people who inject drugs, sex workers and men who have sex with men. It confirms that these populations are disproportionately affected by the growing HIV epidemic in Europe. Twenty-five percent of HIV diagnoses in Europe are associated with injecting drug use, with much higher proportions in Eastern Europe (33%) than in Western Europe (5%) and Central Europe (7%). Sex between men accounted for 10% of all HIV diagnoses, with higher rates reported in Western Europe (36%), followed by Central Europe (22%) and Eastern Europe (0.5%). HIV remains relatively low among female sex workers who do not inject drugs, (less than 1%), but higher among those who inject drugs (over 10%) as well as among male and transgender sex workers. The analysis highlights the pivotal role of social and structural factors in shaping HIV epidemics and HIV prevention responses. Poverty, marginalization and stigma contribute to the HIV epidemic in Europe and Central Asia. Economic volatility and recession risks are increasing vulnerability to HIV and infections. Barriers to successful HIV responses include the criminalization of sex work, of sex between men, and of drug use combined with social stigmatization, violence and rights violations. HIV prevention requires social and environmental change. The report calls for policymakers and HIV program implementers to target the right policies and programs to maximize the health and social impacts of Europe’s HIV responses and get higher returns on HIV-related investments. The report is a product of a collaboration between the World Bank, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the WHO Regional Office for Europe and UNAIDS.
format	Publications & Research
author	Platt, Lucy Jolley, Emma Hope, Vivian Latypov, Alisher Vickerman, Peter Hickson, Ford Reynolds, Lucy Rhodes, Tim
author_facet	Platt, Lucy Jolley, Emma Hope, Vivian Latypov, Alisher Vickerman, Peter Hickson, Ford Reynolds, Lucy Rhodes, Tim
author_sort	Platt, Lucy
title	HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response
title_short	HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response
title_full	HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response
title_fullStr	HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response
title_full_unstemmed	HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response
title_sort	hiv epidemics in the european region : vulnerability and response
publisher	Washington, DC: World Bank
publishDate	2015
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21361
_version_	1764448040330985472

HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response

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