Republic of Armenia Public Expenditure Review : Expanding the Fiscal Envelope
Armenia's small revenue and spending envelopes limit the government's ability to influence the economy, even while its influence through laws, rules, and regulations is significant. The government has an important role to play to reduce p...
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| Format: | Public Expenditure Review |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
Washington, DC
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/05/23014560/armenia-public-expenditure-review-expanding-fiscal-envelope http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21063 |
| id |
okr-10986-21063 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING ANALYTICAL CAPACITY BAILIFF BANKING SECTOR BENEFICIARIES BOND BOND HOLDERS BOND MARKET BROKERS BUDGET BALANCE BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGET CYCLE BUDGET DEFICIT BUDGET EXPENDITURE BUDGET PROCESS BUDGET SURPLUS BUDGETING CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CAPITAL MARKET CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BUDGET CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PAY COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPOSITION OF EXPENDITURES CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENT CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTS CONTINGENT LIABILITIES CORPORATE INCOME TAX CORPORATE TAX RATE CURRENCY DEFICITS DEPOSIT DEPOSITORS DIFFERENTIALS DISABILITY PENSIONS DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DOUBLE TAXATION ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION EDUCATION SPENDING EMERGING ECONOMIES EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURE POLICIES EXPENDITURE PRIORITIES EXPENDITURE PROGRAMS EXPENDITURE REPORTING EXPENDITURE REPORTS EXPORTERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FINANCIAL SYSTEM FISCAL ACTIVITIES FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL BALANCE FISCAL CONSOLIDATION FISCAL ENVELOPE FISCAL IMPACT FISCAL POLICY FISCAL PROJECTIONS FISCAL SPACE FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FIXED ASSETS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES GOVERNMENT POLICY GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GOVERNMENT SECURITIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH CARE HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INFLATION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTEREST EXPENSE INTEREST INCOME INTEREST PAYMENTS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INVENTORY INVESTMENT PROJECTS JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT LABOR MARKET LIVING STANDARDS LLC LOCAL GOVERNMENT MAINTENANCE BUDGET MARGINAL EFFECTS MARKET FAILURES MARKET TRANSACTIONS MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK MINISTRIES OF FINANCE MINISTRY OF FINANCE MINISTRY OF LABOR MONETARY FUND PENSION PENSION REFORM PENSION SYSTEM PENSIONS PERSONAL INCOME PERSONAL INCOME TAX POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY DECISION POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY MAKERS POLICY PRIORITIES POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS POST-CRISIS PERIODS POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE INVESTORS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC DEMAND PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC ENTITIES PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC SPENDING PROGRAMS REDISTRIBUTION REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RETURN REVENUE BASE REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE INCREASES REVENUE LOSS REVENUE PERFORMANCE REVENUE SOURCES ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD TRANSPORT SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SECURITIES MARKETS SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS SOCIAL EXPENDITURES SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STATE BUDGET STOCKS SUB-NATIONAL SUB-NATIONAL ENTITIES SUBNATIONAL SUBNATIONAL ENTITIES SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS TAX TAX ADMINISTRATION TAX ADMINISTRATION REFORMS TAX BASE TAX BURDENS TAX COLLECTION TAX COLLECTIONS TAX CREDIT TAX DEFERRALS TAX EXEMPTION TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX EXPENDITURE TAX EXPENDITURES TAX LAWS TAX OFFICIALS TAX PAYERS TAX POLICY TAX PRODUCTIVITY TAX PROVISIONS TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REFORM TAX REFORMS TAX RETURNS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUE MOBILIZATION TAX REVENUES TAX STRUCTURE TAX SYSTEM TAXABLE INCOME TAXATION TAXPAYER BEHAVIOR TAXPAYERS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL EXPENDITURES TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES TRANSFER PAYMENTS TRANSPARENCY TRUST FUND TRUST FUNDS TURNOVER UNTAXED GOODS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING ANALYTICAL CAPACITY BAILIFF BANKING SECTOR BENEFICIARIES BOND BOND HOLDERS BOND MARKET BROKERS BUDGET BALANCE BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGET CYCLE BUDGET DEFICIT BUDGET EXPENDITURE BUDGET PROCESS BUDGET SURPLUS BUDGETING CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CAPITAL MARKET CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BUDGET CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PAY COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPOSITION OF EXPENDITURES CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENT CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTS CONTINGENT LIABILITIES CORPORATE INCOME TAX CORPORATE TAX RATE CURRENCY DEFICITS DEPOSIT DEPOSITORS DIFFERENTIALS DISABILITY PENSIONS DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DOUBLE TAXATION ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION EDUCATION SPENDING EMERGING ECONOMIES EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURE POLICIES EXPENDITURE PRIORITIES EXPENDITURE PROGRAMS EXPENDITURE REPORTING EXPENDITURE REPORTS EXPORTERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FINANCIAL SYSTEM FISCAL ACTIVITIES FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL BALANCE FISCAL CONSOLIDATION FISCAL ENVELOPE FISCAL IMPACT FISCAL POLICY FISCAL PROJECTIONS FISCAL SPACE FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FIXED ASSETS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES GOVERNMENT POLICY GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GOVERNMENT SECURITIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH CARE HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INFLATION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTEREST EXPENSE INTEREST INCOME INTEREST PAYMENTS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INVENTORY INVESTMENT PROJECTS JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT LABOR MARKET LIVING STANDARDS LLC LOCAL GOVERNMENT MAINTENANCE BUDGET MARGINAL EFFECTS MARKET FAILURES MARKET TRANSACTIONS MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK MINISTRIES OF FINANCE MINISTRY OF FINANCE MINISTRY OF LABOR MONETARY FUND PENSION PENSION REFORM PENSION SYSTEM PENSIONS PERSONAL INCOME PERSONAL INCOME TAX POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY DECISION POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY MAKERS POLICY PRIORITIES POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS POST-CRISIS PERIODS POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE INVESTORS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC DEMAND PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC ENTITIES PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC SPENDING PROGRAMS REDISTRIBUTION REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RETURN REVENUE BASE REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE INCREASES REVENUE LOSS REVENUE PERFORMANCE REVENUE SOURCES ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD TRANSPORT SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SECURITIES MARKETS SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS SOCIAL EXPENDITURES SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STATE BUDGET STOCKS SUB-NATIONAL SUB-NATIONAL ENTITIES SUBNATIONAL SUBNATIONAL ENTITIES SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS TAX TAX ADMINISTRATION TAX ADMINISTRATION REFORMS TAX BASE TAX BURDENS TAX COLLECTION TAX COLLECTIONS TAX CREDIT TAX DEFERRALS TAX EXEMPTION TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX EXPENDITURE TAX EXPENDITURES TAX LAWS TAX OFFICIALS TAX PAYERS TAX POLICY TAX PRODUCTIVITY TAX PROVISIONS TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REFORM TAX REFORMS TAX RETURNS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUE MOBILIZATION TAX REVENUES TAX STRUCTURE TAX SYSTEM TAXABLE INCOME TAXATION TAXPAYER BEHAVIOR TAXPAYERS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL EXPENDITURES TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES TRANSFER PAYMENTS TRANSPARENCY TRUST FUND TRUST FUNDS TURNOVER UNTAXED GOODS World Bank Group Republic of Armenia Public Expenditure Review : Expanding the Fiscal Envelope |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Armenia |
| description |
Armenia's small revenue and spending
envelopes limit the government's ability to influence
the economy, even while its influence through laws, rules,
and regulations is significant. The government has an
important role to play to reduce poverty and boost shared
prosperity, and needs fiscal space. This public expenditure
review (PER) analyzes and provides recommendations for the
different dimensions of expanding the fiscal envelope. There
are three ways of creating fiscal space: the first is higher
tax revenue mobilization (through better administration and
enforcement of existing taxes, higher tax rates, or new
taxes on previously untaxed goods and services or incomes),
second, lower spending on less productive programs, and
third, an increase in the effectiveness of spending, that
is, a higher output of the things the government wants
(efficient administration, human capital, services for the
population) for a given level of spending. The report
highlights Armeniaapos;s limited fiscal envelope, and points
out that key areas, such as education, health, and road
transport, had been consistently underfunded. It suggests
that revenue needs to be significantly improved, and the
government will have to revisit its expenditure priorities
to create the spending headroom needed to at least maintain
the spending level in these areas. The structure of the
report is presented as follows: section one gives executive
summary. Section two focuses on quantifying fiscal
activities. Section three analyzes a number of tax
exemptions and loopholes. Section four analyzes ways to
improve the impact out of every Armenian dram raised and
spent. Section five evaluates in detail the social
protection system's performance. Section six accompanies
the reforms of Armenia's public service remuneration system. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Public Expenditure Review |
| author |
World Bank Group |
| author_facet |
World Bank Group |
| author_sort |
World Bank Group |
| title |
Republic of Armenia Public Expenditure Review : Expanding the Fiscal Envelope |
| title_short |
Republic of Armenia Public Expenditure Review : Expanding the Fiscal Envelope |
| title_full |
Republic of Armenia Public Expenditure Review : Expanding the Fiscal Envelope |
| title_fullStr |
Republic of Armenia Public Expenditure Review : Expanding the Fiscal Envelope |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Republic of Armenia Public Expenditure Review : Expanding the Fiscal Envelope |
| title_sort |
republic of armenia public expenditure review : expanding the fiscal envelope |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/05/23014560/armenia-public-expenditure-review-expanding-fiscal-envelope http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21063 |
| _version_ |
1764447653676974080 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-210632021-04-23T14:04:00Z Republic of Armenia Public Expenditure Review : Expanding the Fiscal Envelope World Bank Group ACCOUNTING ANALYTICAL CAPACITY BAILIFF BANKING SECTOR BENEFICIARIES BOND BOND HOLDERS BOND MARKET BROKERS BUDGET BALANCE BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUDGET CYCLE BUDGET DEFICIT BUDGET EXPENDITURE BUDGET PROCESS BUDGET SURPLUS BUDGETING CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CAPITAL MARKET CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BUDGET CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PAY COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPOSITION OF EXPENDITURES CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENT CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTS CONTINGENT LIABILITIES CORPORATE INCOME TAX CORPORATE TAX RATE CURRENCY DEFICITS DEPOSIT DEPOSITORS DIFFERENTIALS DISABILITY PENSIONS DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DOUBLE TAXATION ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION EDUCATION SPENDING EMERGING ECONOMIES EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURE POLICIES EXPENDITURE PRIORITIES EXPENDITURE PROGRAMS EXPENDITURE REPORTING EXPENDITURE REPORTS EXPORTERS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FINANCIAL SYSTEM FISCAL ACTIVITIES FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL BALANCE FISCAL CONSOLIDATION FISCAL ENVELOPE FISCAL IMPACT FISCAL POLICY FISCAL PROJECTIONS FISCAL SPACE FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FIXED ASSETS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES GOVERNMENT POLICY GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT REVENUES GOVERNMENT SECURITIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH CARE HEALTH OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INFLATION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTEREST EXPENSE INTEREST INCOME INTEREST PAYMENTS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INVENTORY INVESTMENT PROJECTS JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT LABOR MARKET LIVING STANDARDS LLC LOCAL GOVERNMENT MAINTENANCE BUDGET MARGINAL EFFECTS MARKET FAILURES MARKET TRANSACTIONS MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE MEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK MINISTRIES OF FINANCE MINISTRY OF FINANCE MINISTRY OF LABOR MONETARY FUND PENSION PENSION REFORM PENSION SYSTEM PENSIONS PERSONAL INCOME PERSONAL INCOME TAX POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY DECISION POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY MAKERS POLICY PRIORITIES POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS POST-CRISIS PERIODS POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE INVESTORS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC DEMAND PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC ENTITIES PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC SPENDING PROGRAMS REDISTRIBUTION REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RETURN REVENUE BASE REVENUE COLLECTION REVENUE INCREASES REVENUE LOSS REVENUE PERFORMANCE REVENUE SOURCES ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD TRANSPORT SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SECURITIES MARKETS SMALL BUSINESSES SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS SOCIAL EXPENDITURES SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NETS STATE BUDGET STOCKS SUB-NATIONAL SUB-NATIONAL ENTITIES SUBNATIONAL SUBNATIONAL ENTITIES SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS TAX TAX ADMINISTRATION TAX ADMINISTRATION REFORMS TAX BASE TAX BURDENS TAX COLLECTION TAX COLLECTIONS TAX CREDIT TAX DEFERRALS TAX EXEMPTION TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX EXPENDITURE TAX EXPENDITURES TAX LAWS TAX OFFICIALS TAX PAYERS TAX POLICY TAX PRODUCTIVITY TAX PROVISIONS TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REFORM TAX REFORMS TAX RETURNS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUE MOBILIZATION TAX REVENUES TAX STRUCTURE TAX SYSTEM TAXABLE INCOME TAXATION TAXPAYER BEHAVIOR TAXPAYERS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL EXPENDITURES TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES TRANSFER PAYMENTS TRANSPARENCY TRUST FUND TRUST FUNDS TURNOVER UNTAXED GOODS Armenia's small revenue and spending envelopes limit the government's ability to influence the economy, even while its influence through laws, rules, and regulations is significant. The government has an important role to play to reduce poverty and boost shared prosperity, and needs fiscal space. This public expenditure review (PER) analyzes and provides recommendations for the different dimensions of expanding the fiscal envelope. There are three ways of creating fiscal space: the first is higher tax revenue mobilization (through better administration and enforcement of existing taxes, higher tax rates, or new taxes on previously untaxed goods and services or incomes), second, lower spending on less productive programs, and third, an increase in the effectiveness of spending, that is, a higher output of the things the government wants (efficient administration, human capital, services for the population) for a given level of spending. The report highlights Armeniaapos;s limited fiscal envelope, and points out that key areas, such as education, health, and road transport, had been consistently underfunded. It suggests that revenue needs to be significantly improved, and the government will have to revisit its expenditure priorities to create the spending headroom needed to at least maintain the spending level in these areas. The structure of the report is presented as follows: section one gives executive summary. Section two focuses on quantifying fiscal activities. Section three analyzes a number of tax exemptions and loopholes. Section four analyzes ways to improve the impact out of every Armenian dram raised and spent. Section five evaluates in detail the social protection system's performance. Section six accompanies the reforms of Armenia's public service remuneration system. 2015-01-05T17:18:35Z 2015-01-05T17:18:35Z 2014-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/05/23014560/armenia-public-expenditure-review-expanding-fiscal-envelope http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21063 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Public Expenditure Review Europe and Central Asia Armenia |