Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2014 : Towards a Middle-Class Society
Malaysia has in many ways become a success story in shared prosperity. Shared prosperity means that all households experience income growth, but growth is higher for those households at the bottom of the distribution, a pattern that leads to lower...
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| Format: | Economic Updates and Modeling |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/12/23035132/malaysia-economic-monitor-towards-middle-class-society http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21057 |
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okr-10986-21057 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ADVANCED ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY ASSET CLASSES ASSET PRICE ASSET QUALITY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM BASIS POINTS BLUE CHIPS CAPITAL FLOW CAPITAL FLOWS CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL INFLOWS CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL OUTFLOWS CAPITAL RATIO CAPITAL SECURITIES CASH FLOW CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL BANK COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMODITIES COMMODITY COMMODITY EXPORT COMMODITY EXPORTS COMMODITY PRICES CONSUMER PRICE INFLATION CONSUMERS CREDIBILITY CREDIT CARDS CREDIT GROWTH CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUS DEBT DEBT LEVELS DEBT SECURITIES DEBT SECURITIES MARKET DEFICITS DEPOSIT DEPOSITOR DEPOSITS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DIRECT INVESTMENT DISBURSEMENTS DIVIDEND DIVIDEND PAYMENTS DIVIDEND POLICY DIVIDENDS DOLLAR VALUE DOMESTIC CURRENCY DOMESTIC ECONOMY ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMICS RESEARCH EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES ENTRY POINT EQUIPMENT EQUITIES EQUITY FINANCING EQUITY FLOWS EQUITY INVESTMENTS EXCESS LIQUIDITY EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES EXPORT GROWTH EXPORTERS FINANCES FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL RISKS FINANCIAL VOLATILITY FISCAL CONSOLIDATION FISCAL POLICY FIXED CAPITAL FIXED INVESTMENT FOOD PRICES FORECASTS FOREIGN CURRENCIES FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN EQUITY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVE FOREIGN HOLDINGS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN PORTFOLIO FUND INFORMATION FUTURES GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS GLOBAL INVESTORS GLOBAL PORTFOLIO GLOBAL PORTFOLIOS GLOBAL RISK GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BOND YIELDS GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT DEBT SECURITIES GOVERNMENT SECURITIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HOLDING HOME COUNTRY HOME OWNERSHIP HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSING LOAN INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME MEASURES INCOME SHOCKS INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INCOMES INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION RATE INFLATIONARY PRESSURE INFLATIONARY PRESSURES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS INSURANCE INTEREST INCOME INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTEREST RATES ON MORTGAGE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL RESERVES INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES INVESTMENT INCOME INVESTMENT PROJECTS ISLAMIC INSTRUMENTS ISSUANCE ISSUANCES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LARGE-SCALE INVESTMENT LIQUIDITY LOCAL BUSINESSES MARKET PRICES MATURITY MICROENTERPRISES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY MONETARY FUND MONETARY POLICY MORTGAGE MORTGAGE DEBT MORTGAGE LOANS NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCES NET CAPITAL NON-PERFORMING LOANS OIL PRICES OUTPUT OUTPUT GAP PENSION PENSIONS PERSONAL INCOME PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO FLOWS PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT POWER PARITY PRIVATE DEBT PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS PROVIDENT FUND PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC SECTOR DEFICIT PURCHASING POWER QUALITY OF ASSETS REAL ESTATE REAL GDP REAL INTEREST REAL INTEREST RATES REMITTANCES RESERVE RETURN RISK AVERSION SAVINGS SECURITIES MARKET SHARE OF INVESTMENT SHORT-TERM EXTERNAL DEBT SKILLS SHORTAGES SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NET STOCK MARKET STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION STOCK PRICE STOCK PRICES STOCKS SWAPS SYSTEMIC RISK TAX TAX COLLECTIONS TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE BALANCE TRADING TREASURIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VOLATILITY WAGE GROWTH WAGES WORKING CAPITAL WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD TRADE |
| spellingShingle |
ADVANCED ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY ASSET CLASSES ASSET PRICE ASSET QUALITY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM BASIS POINTS BLUE CHIPS CAPITAL FLOW CAPITAL FLOWS CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL INFLOWS CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL OUTFLOWS CAPITAL RATIO CAPITAL SECURITIES CASH FLOW CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL BANK COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMODITIES COMMODITY COMMODITY EXPORT COMMODITY EXPORTS COMMODITY PRICES CONSUMER PRICE INFLATION CONSUMERS CREDIBILITY CREDIT CARDS CREDIT GROWTH CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUS DEBT DEBT LEVELS DEBT SECURITIES DEBT SECURITIES MARKET DEFICITS DEPOSIT DEPOSITOR DEPOSITS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DIRECT INVESTMENT DISBURSEMENTS DIVIDEND DIVIDEND PAYMENTS DIVIDEND POLICY DIVIDENDS DOLLAR VALUE DOMESTIC CURRENCY DOMESTIC ECONOMY ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMICS RESEARCH EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES ENTRY POINT EQUIPMENT EQUITIES EQUITY FINANCING EQUITY FLOWS EQUITY INVESTMENTS EXCESS LIQUIDITY EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES EXPORT GROWTH EXPORTERS FINANCES FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL RISKS FINANCIAL VOLATILITY FISCAL CONSOLIDATION FISCAL POLICY FIXED CAPITAL FIXED INVESTMENT FOOD PRICES FORECASTS FOREIGN CURRENCIES FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN EQUITY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVE FOREIGN HOLDINGS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN PORTFOLIO FUND INFORMATION FUTURES GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS GLOBAL INVESTORS GLOBAL PORTFOLIO GLOBAL PORTFOLIOS GLOBAL RISK GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BOND YIELDS GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT DEBT SECURITIES GOVERNMENT SECURITIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HOLDING HOME COUNTRY HOME OWNERSHIP HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSING LOAN INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME MEASURES INCOME SHOCKS INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INCOMES INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION RATE INFLATIONARY PRESSURE INFLATIONARY PRESSURES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS INSURANCE INTEREST INCOME INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTEREST RATES ON MORTGAGE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL RESERVES INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES INVESTMENT INCOME INVESTMENT PROJECTS ISLAMIC INSTRUMENTS ISSUANCE ISSUANCES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LARGE-SCALE INVESTMENT LIQUIDITY LOCAL BUSINESSES MARKET PRICES MATURITY MICROENTERPRISES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY MONETARY FUND MONETARY POLICY MORTGAGE MORTGAGE DEBT MORTGAGE LOANS NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCES NET CAPITAL NON-PERFORMING LOANS OIL PRICES OUTPUT OUTPUT GAP PENSION PENSIONS PERSONAL INCOME PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO FLOWS PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT POWER PARITY PRIVATE DEBT PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS PROVIDENT FUND PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC SECTOR DEFICIT PURCHASING POWER QUALITY OF ASSETS REAL ESTATE REAL GDP REAL INTEREST REAL INTEREST RATES REMITTANCES RESERVE RETURN RISK AVERSION SAVINGS SECURITIES MARKET SHARE OF INVESTMENT SHORT-TERM EXTERNAL DEBT SKILLS SHORTAGES SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NET STOCK MARKET STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION STOCK PRICE STOCK PRICES STOCKS SWAPS SYSTEMIC RISK TAX TAX COLLECTIONS TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE BALANCE TRADING TREASURIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VOLATILITY WAGE GROWTH WAGES WORKING CAPITAL WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD TRADE World Bank Group Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2014 : Towards a Middle-Class Society |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific Malaysia |
| description |
Malaysia has in many ways become a
success story in shared prosperity. Shared prosperity means
that all households experience income growth, but growth is
higher for those households at the bottom of the
distribution, a pattern that leads to lower inequality. In
the past 40 years, Malaysia drew on its natural resources to
nearly eradicate absolute poverty, from 49 percent in 1970
to 1 percent in 2014. The number of Malaysians vulnerable to
falling into absolute poverty has also declined in this
period. To accelerate Malaysia s transformation into a
middle-class society, Malaysia may consider prioritizing
reforms that: (i) close the educational achievement gaps at
the post-secondary levels by compensating for family
background, including pursuing universal pre-primary
enrolment and otherpolicies to boost the quality
of the poorest performing schools; (ii) provide more
demand-driven post-secondary skills training for those
already in the labor markets; (iii) create an integrated
social safety net including both social insurance mechanisms
to protect households against shocks and old age (for
example by introducing unemployment insurance and
redirecting subsidy savings to matching contributions to
retirement accounts), and higher levels of social transfers
(by consolidating, improving targeting, and increasing
benefits of existing programs); and (iv) this safety net may
be financed through more progressive tax policy (for example
by reviewing the top marginal personal income tax rate and
expanding the number of taxpayers). |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Economic Updates and Modeling |
| author |
World Bank Group |
| author_facet |
World Bank Group |
| author_sort |
World Bank Group |
| title |
Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2014 : Towards a Middle-Class Society |
| title_short |
Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2014 : Towards a Middle-Class Society |
| title_full |
Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2014 : Towards a Middle-Class Society |
| title_fullStr |
Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2014 : Towards a Middle-Class Society |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2014 : Towards a Middle-Class Society |
| title_sort |
malaysia economic monitor, december 2014 : towards a middle-class society |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/12/23035132/malaysia-economic-monitor-towards-middle-class-society http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21057 |
| _version_ |
1764447642415267840 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-210572021-04-23T14:04:00Z Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2014 : Towards a Middle-Class Society World Bank Group ADVANCED ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY ASSET CLASSES ASSET PRICE ASSET QUALITY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BANKING SECTOR BANKING SYSTEM BASIS POINTS BLUE CHIPS CAPITAL FLOW CAPITAL FLOWS CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL INFLOWS CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL OUTFLOWS CAPITAL RATIO CAPITAL SECURITIES CASH FLOW CASH TRANSFERS CENTRAL BANK COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMODITIES COMMODITY COMMODITY EXPORT COMMODITY EXPORTS COMMODITY PRICES CONSUMER PRICE INFLATION CONSUMERS CREDIBILITY CREDIT CARDS CREDIT GROWTH CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUS DEBT DEBT LEVELS DEBT SECURITIES DEBT SECURITIES MARKET DEFICITS DEPOSIT DEPOSITOR DEPOSITS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DIRECT INVESTMENT DISBURSEMENTS DIVIDEND DIVIDEND PAYMENTS DIVIDEND POLICY DIVIDENDS DOLLAR VALUE DOMESTIC CURRENCY DOMESTIC ECONOMY ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMICS RESEARCH EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES ENTRY POINT EQUIPMENT EQUITIES EQUITY FINANCING EQUITY FLOWS EQUITY INVESTMENTS EXCESS LIQUIDITY EXCHANGE RATE EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES EXPORT GROWTH EXPORTERS FINANCES FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL RISKS FINANCIAL VOLATILITY FISCAL CONSOLIDATION FISCAL POLICY FIXED CAPITAL FIXED INVESTMENT FOOD PRICES FORECASTS FOREIGN CURRENCIES FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS FOREIGN EQUITY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVE FOREIGN HOLDINGS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN PORTFOLIO FUND INFORMATION FUTURES GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS GLOBAL INVESTORS GLOBAL PORTFOLIO GLOBAL PORTFOLIOS GLOBAL RISK GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BOND YIELDS GOVERNMENT DEBT GOVERNMENT DEBT SECURITIES GOVERNMENT SECURITIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HOLDING HOME COUNTRY HOME OWNERSHIP HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSING LOAN INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME MEASURES INCOME SHOCKS INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INCOMES INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION RATE INFLATIONARY PRESSURE INFLATIONARY PRESSURES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS INSURANCE INTEREST INCOME INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTEREST RATES ON MORTGAGE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL RESERVES INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES INVESTMENT INCOME INVESTMENT PROJECTS ISLAMIC INSTRUMENTS ISSUANCE ISSUANCES LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LARGE-SCALE INVESTMENT LIQUIDITY LOCAL BUSINESSES MARKET PRICES MATURITY MICROENTERPRISES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY MONETARY FUND MONETARY POLICY MORTGAGE MORTGAGE DEBT MORTGAGE LOANS NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL RESOURCES NET CAPITAL NON-PERFORMING LOANS OIL PRICES OUTPUT OUTPUT GAP PENSION PENSIONS PERSONAL INCOME PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO FLOWS PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT POWER PARITY PRIVATE DEBT PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS PROVIDENT FUND PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC SECTOR DEFICIT PURCHASING POWER QUALITY OF ASSETS REAL ESTATE REAL GDP REAL INTEREST REAL INTEREST RATES REMITTANCES RESERVE RETURN RISK AVERSION SAVINGS SECURITIES MARKET SHARE OF INVESTMENT SHORT-TERM EXTERNAL DEBT SKILLS SHORTAGES SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NET STOCK MARKET STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION STOCK PRICE STOCK PRICES STOCKS SWAPS SYSTEMIC RISK TAX TAX COLLECTIONS TAX POLICY TAX RATE TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE BALANCE TRADING TREASURIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VOLATILITY WAGE GROWTH WAGES WORKING CAPITAL WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD TRADE Malaysia has in many ways become a success story in shared prosperity. Shared prosperity means that all households experience income growth, but growth is higher for those households at the bottom of the distribution, a pattern that leads to lower inequality. In the past 40 years, Malaysia drew on its natural resources to nearly eradicate absolute poverty, from 49 percent in 1970 to 1 percent in 2014. The number of Malaysians vulnerable to falling into absolute poverty has also declined in this period. To accelerate Malaysia s transformation into a middle-class society, Malaysia may consider prioritizing reforms that: (i) close the educational achievement gaps at the post-secondary levels by compensating for family background, including pursuing universal pre-primary enrolment and otherpolicies to boost the quality of the poorest performing schools; (ii) provide more demand-driven post-secondary skills training for those already in the labor markets; (iii) create an integrated social safety net including both social insurance mechanisms to protect households against shocks and old age (for example by introducing unemployment insurance and redirecting subsidy savings to matching contributions to retirement accounts), and higher levels of social transfers (by consolidating, improving targeting, and increasing benefits of existing programs); and (iv) this safety net may be financed through more progressive tax policy (for example by reviewing the top marginal personal income tax rate and expanding the number of taxpayers). 2014-12-31T16:38:35Z 2014-12-31T16:38:35Z 2014-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/12/23035132/malaysia-economic-monitor-towards-middle-class-society http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21057 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Economic Updates and Modeling East Asia and Pacific Malaysia |