Tajikistan : Review of Public Expenditures on Education

Tajikistan : Review of Public Expenditures on Education

This policy note is part of the World Bank's Programmatic Public Expenditure Review (PER) work program for FY2012-2014. The PER consists of a series of fiscal policy notes, which aim at providing the Government of Tajikistan with recommendatio...

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Main Author: World Bank
Format: Public Expenditure Review
Language:English
en_US
Published: Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:
BUDGETARY PROCESS
DEMOGRAPHICS
EARLY DROPOUTS
EDUCATION
ENROLLMENT
FINANCING
FISCAL SPACE
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE
TEACHER WAGES
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/19761058/review-public-expenditures-education
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20770
id okr-10986-20770
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-207702021-04-23T14:03:56Z Tajikistan : Review of Public Expenditures on Education World Bank BUDGETARY PROCESS DEMOGRAPHICS EARLY DROPOUTS EDUCATION ENROLLMENT FINANCING FISCAL SPACE PUBLIC EXPENDITURES SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE TEACHER WAGES This policy note is part of the World Bank's Programmatic Public Expenditure Review (PER) work program for FY2012-2014. The PER consists of a series of fiscal policy notes, which aim at providing the Government of Tajikistan with recommendations to strengthen budgetary processes and analysis. This policy note, the third in the series, examines public expenditures on education in Tajikistan, focusing on assessing efficiency and equity of general education spending. Section 2 reviews the characteristics of Tajikistan's educational system, including access and equity in enrollment and quality of education. Section 3 analyzes overall public spending on education and a breakdown by financing source, subsector, and expenditure category, as well as unit costs by level of education. Section 4 examines general education financing, which is the largest spending unit within the education sector, in more depth. Section 5 covers demographic trends and enrollment projections and their implications on education spending. Section 6 provides the main conclusions: 1) the level of public spending on education in Tajikistan is comparable to similarly developed countries; 2) the pre-school enrollment rate is extremely low; 3) while primary education is near universal with gender parity, early dropouts are a significant problem; 4) available evidence suggests poor quality of early learning at pre-primary and primary levels; 5) the current wage system does not provide strong incentives for highly qualified new and experienced teachers; 6) per capita financing of general education has resulted in many positive outcomes overall, but implementation varies by district; 7) unit costs for new construction of school infrastructure vary considerably; 8) high unit costs of pre-school, vocational, and tertiary education suggest significant inefficiencies within these sub-sectors; and 9) demographic developments put an upward pressure on educational spending, particularly for increasing general secondary education spending. Methods to increase the fiscal space for education are discussed. 2014-12-17T21:30:24Z 2014-12-17T21:30:24Z 2013-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/19761058/review-public-expenditures-education http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20770 English en_US Takijistan policy notes on public expenditures;policy note no. 3 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Public Expenditure Review Europe and Central Asia Tajikistan
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic BUDGETARY PROCESS
DEMOGRAPHICS
EARLY DROPOUTS
EDUCATION
ENROLLMENT
FINANCING
FISCAL SPACE
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE
TEACHER WAGES
spellingShingle BUDGETARY PROCESS
DEMOGRAPHICS
EARLY DROPOUTS
EDUCATION
ENROLLMENT
FINANCING
FISCAL SPACE
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE
TEACHER WAGES
World Bank
Tajikistan : Review of Public Expenditures on Education
geographic_facet Europe and Central Asia
Tajikistan
relation Takijistan policy notes on public expenditures;policy note no. 3
description This policy note is part of the World Bank's Programmatic Public Expenditure Review (PER) work program for FY2012-2014. The PER consists of a series of fiscal policy notes, which aim at providing the Government of Tajikistan with recommendations to strengthen budgetary processes and analysis. This policy note, the third in the series, examines public expenditures on education in Tajikistan, focusing on assessing efficiency and equity of general education spending. Section 2 reviews the characteristics of Tajikistan's educational system, including access and equity in enrollment and quality of education. Section 3 analyzes overall public spending on education and a breakdown by financing source, subsector, and expenditure category, as well as unit costs by level of education. Section 4 examines general education financing, which is the largest spending unit within the education sector, in more depth. Section 5 covers demographic trends and enrollment projections and their implications on education spending. Section 6 provides the main conclusions: 1) the level of public spending on education in Tajikistan is comparable to similarly developed countries; 2) the pre-school enrollment rate is extremely low; 3) while primary education is near universal with gender parity, early dropouts are a significant problem; 4) available evidence suggests poor quality of early learning at pre-primary and primary levels; 5) the current wage system does not provide strong incentives for highly qualified new and experienced teachers; 6) per capita financing of general education has resulted in many positive outcomes overall, but implementation varies by district; 7) unit costs for new construction of school infrastructure vary considerably; 8) high unit costs of pre-school, vocational, and tertiary education suggest significant inefficiencies within these sub-sectors; and 9) demographic developments put an upward pressure on educational spending, particularly for increasing general secondary education spending. Methods to increase the fiscal space for education are discussed.
format Economic & Sector Work :: Public Expenditure Review
author World Bank
author_facet World Bank
author_sort World Bank
title Tajikistan : Review of Public Expenditures on Education
title_short Tajikistan : Review of Public Expenditures on Education
title_full Tajikistan : Review of Public Expenditures on Education
title_fullStr Tajikistan : Review of Public Expenditures on Education
title_full_unstemmed Tajikistan : Review of Public Expenditures on Education
title_sort tajikistan : review of public expenditures on education
publisher Washington, DC
publishDate 2014
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/19761058/review-public-expenditures-education
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20770
_version_ 1764445961467199488

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