Using the Stallings Observation System to Investigate Time on Task in Four Countries
This paper presents the history of the Stallings Observation System (SOS) and describes the adaptation of the SOS instrument, training for its use in international settings, and results from four countries of the World Bank International Time on Ta...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/20371434/using-stallings-observation-system-investigate-time-task-four-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20687 |
| Summary: | This paper presents the history of the
Stallings Observation System (SOS) and describes the
adaptation of the SOS instrument, training for its use in
international settings, and results from four countries of
the World Bank International Time on Task (ITOT) project.
The ITOT project had three major goals: 1) to discover how
instructional time is used at different levels in certain
countries, particularly in rural and low income areas; 2) to
identify obstacles to optimal use of instructional time; and
3) to encourage governments to take the necessary measures
to provide students with optimal time for learning (Abadzi,
Millot, & Prouty, 2004). In order to address ITOT at the
classroom level, a pilot study in Tunisia was conducted that
targeted four related objectives: 1) adaptation of the
Stallings snapshot observation instrument for use in project
classrooms; 2) design and implementation of training for
observers; 3) determination of reliability and validity of
observation procedures; and 4) generation of a sample
profile of classrooms in a Tunisian elementary school. This
paper summarizes the training and findings from the initial
pilot study of time usage at the classroom level conducted
in Tunisia in January, 2004 and the training and results
from subsequent ITOT studies in four countries: Tunisia,
Morocco, Ghana, and Brazil. More specifically, sections of
the paper provide an overview of the research on effective
use of instructional time using the Stallings instrument,
description of the adaptation of the Stallings Snapshot
observation instrument for use in the project, a summary of
the training and procedures developed for the pilot study
and implemented in four countries, and the results and
conclusions from the observational studies in four countries. |
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