Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect?
This paper explores the conditions under which public spending could minimize violent conflict related to oil wealth. Previous work suggests that oil can lead to violent conflict because it increases the value of the state as a prize or because it...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank Group, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/11/20366887/oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect-oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20607 |
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okr-10986-20607 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ADEQUATE EDUCATION ADULT LITERACY ARMED CONFLICT ARMED FORCE ARMED FORCES ARMS BASIC HUMAN NEEDS BATTLE CITIZEN CITIZENS CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL CONFLICTS CIVIL LIBERTIES CIVIL PEACE CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL UNREST CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS COERCION COLD WAR CONFLICT CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT RESEARCH CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICT RISK CONFLICT RISKS CONFLICTS COST OF REBELLION DEATHS DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY SCORE DEPENDENCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPUTES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURATION OF CONFLICT DURATION OF PEACE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION ETHNIC DIVISIONS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY ETHNIC POLITICS FERTILITY FIGHTING FOUNDATIONS GENOCIDE GOVERNMENT POWER HEALTH SECTOR HIGH RISK HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IMF INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME PER CAPITA INCREASE IN RISK INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INTERNAL CONFLICT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INTERNATIONAL STUDIES INTERNATIONAL WAR INTERPERSONAL SKILLS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION LACK OF DEMOCRACY LEVEL OF POVERTY LIMITED RESOURCES LINGUISTIC FRACTIONALIZATION LITERACY RATES LIVING STANDARDS MATERIAL RESOURCES MILITARIZATION MILITARY BUDGETS MILITARY EXPENDITURE MILITARY EXPENDITURES MILITARY FORCES MILITARY OPPOSITION MILITARY PERSONNEL MILITARY REGIMES MILITARY SPENDING NATIONAL DEFENSE NATIONALISM NATIONS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES OBSERVER OPPORTUNITY COST PEACE PEACE RESEARCH PENSIONS PERSONAL ENRICHMENT POLICE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL CHANGE POLITICAL INSTABILITY POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POLITICAL OPPOSITION POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PROCESS POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL STABILITY POLITICAL SUPPORT POLITICAL VIOLENCE POPULATION SIZE POPULOUS COUNTRIES POST-CONFLICT PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF LIFE REBEL REBEL GROUP REBEL GROUPS REBEL RECRUITMENT REBELLION REBELS RECONSTRUCTION RELIGIOUS FRACTIONALIZATION RESOURCE MOBILIZATION REVOLUTIONS RISK OF CONFLICT RISKS OF CONFLICT RURAL AREAS SAFETY NETS SANITATION SECONDARY EDUCATION SECURITY FORCES SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL EXPENDITURES SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECTORS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL WELFARE STATE UNIVERSITY TERRORISM TOLERANCE UNEMPLOYMENT VICTIMS VIOLENT CONFLICT VIOLENT CONFLICTS VIOLENT MEANS WAR DURATION WAR ECONOMY WAR PROJECT WARFARE WORLD DEVELOPMENT YOUNG MALE YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG SOLDIERS |
| spellingShingle |
ADEQUATE EDUCATION ADULT LITERACY ARMED CONFLICT ARMED FORCE ARMED FORCES ARMS BASIC HUMAN NEEDS BATTLE CITIZEN CITIZENS CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL CONFLICTS CIVIL LIBERTIES CIVIL PEACE CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL UNREST CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS COERCION COLD WAR CONFLICT CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT RESEARCH CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICT RISK CONFLICT RISKS CONFLICTS COST OF REBELLION DEATHS DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY SCORE DEPENDENCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPUTES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURATION OF CONFLICT DURATION OF PEACE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION ETHNIC DIVISIONS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY ETHNIC POLITICS FERTILITY FIGHTING FOUNDATIONS GENOCIDE GOVERNMENT POWER HEALTH SECTOR HIGH RISK HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IMF INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME PER CAPITA INCREASE IN RISK INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INTERNAL CONFLICT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INTERNATIONAL STUDIES INTERNATIONAL WAR INTERPERSONAL SKILLS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION LACK OF DEMOCRACY LEVEL OF POVERTY LIMITED RESOURCES LINGUISTIC FRACTIONALIZATION LITERACY RATES LIVING STANDARDS MATERIAL RESOURCES MILITARIZATION MILITARY BUDGETS MILITARY EXPENDITURE MILITARY EXPENDITURES MILITARY FORCES MILITARY OPPOSITION MILITARY PERSONNEL MILITARY REGIMES MILITARY SPENDING NATIONAL DEFENSE NATIONALISM NATIONS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES OBSERVER OPPORTUNITY COST PEACE PEACE RESEARCH PENSIONS PERSONAL ENRICHMENT POLICE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL CHANGE POLITICAL INSTABILITY POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POLITICAL OPPOSITION POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PROCESS POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL STABILITY POLITICAL SUPPORT POLITICAL VIOLENCE POPULATION SIZE POPULOUS COUNTRIES POST-CONFLICT PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF LIFE REBEL REBEL GROUP REBEL GROUPS REBEL RECRUITMENT REBELLION REBELS RECONSTRUCTION RELIGIOUS FRACTIONALIZATION RESOURCE MOBILIZATION REVOLUTIONS RISK OF CONFLICT RISKS OF CONFLICT RURAL AREAS SAFETY NETS SANITATION SECONDARY EDUCATION SECURITY FORCES SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL EXPENDITURES SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECTORS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL WELFARE STATE UNIVERSITY TERRORISM TOLERANCE UNEMPLOYMENT VICTIMS VIOLENT CONFLICT VIOLENT CONFLICTS VIOLENT MEANS WAR DURATION WAR ECONOMY WAR PROJECT WARFARE WORLD DEVELOPMENT YOUNG MALE YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG SOLDIERS Singh, Raju Jan Bodea, Cristina Higashijima, Masaaki Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect? |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Haiti |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper;no. WPS 7100 |
| description |
This paper explores the conditions under
which public spending could minimize violent conflict
related to oil wealth. Previous work suggests that oil can
lead to violent conflict because it increases the value of
the state as a prize or because it undermines the
state's bureaucratic penetration. Yet, little has been
said on how oil wealth could be used to prevent the onset of
violent conflict through public spending by buying off
citizens and elites, increasing state legitimacy by
providing basic services, or strengthening the military and
security apparatus. The empirical analysis (148 countries
over 1960-2009) shows that higher levels of military
spending are associated with lower risk of small- and
large-scale conflict onset in countries rich in oil and gas.
By contrast, in economies with little natural resources,
increases in military spending are associated with a higher
risk of conflict. Welfare expenditure is associated with
lower risk of small-scale conflict, irrespective of the
level of oil revenue. However, general government spending
does not appear to have any robust mitigating effects. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Singh, Raju Jan Bodea, Cristina Higashijima, Masaaki |
| author_facet |
Singh, Raju Jan Bodea, Cristina Higashijima, Masaaki |
| author_sort |
Singh, Raju Jan |
| title |
Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect? |
| title_short |
Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect? |
| title_full |
Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect? |
| title_fullStr |
Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect? |
| title_sort |
oil and civil conflict : can public spending have a mitigation effect? |
| publisher |
World Bank Group, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/11/20366887/oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect-oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20607 |
| _version_ |
1764446885961007104 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-206072021-04-23T14:03:59Z Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect? Singh, Raju Jan Bodea, Cristina Higashijima, Masaaki ADEQUATE EDUCATION ADULT LITERACY ARMED CONFLICT ARMED FORCE ARMED FORCES ARMS BASIC HUMAN NEEDS BATTLE CITIZEN CITIZENS CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL CONFLICTS CIVIL LIBERTIES CIVIL PEACE CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL UNREST CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS COERCION COLD WAR CONFLICT CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT RESEARCH CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICT RISK CONFLICT RISKS CONFLICTS COST OF REBELLION DEATHS DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY SCORE DEPENDENCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPUTES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURATION OF CONFLICT DURATION OF PEACE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION ETHNIC DIVISIONS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY ETHNIC POLITICS FERTILITY FIGHTING FOUNDATIONS GENOCIDE GOVERNMENT POWER HEALTH SECTOR HIGH RISK HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IMF INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME PER CAPITA INCREASE IN RISK INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INTERNAL CONFLICT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INTERNATIONAL STUDIES INTERNATIONAL WAR INTERPERSONAL SKILLS INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION LACK OF DEMOCRACY LEVEL OF POVERTY LIMITED RESOURCES LINGUISTIC FRACTIONALIZATION LITERACY RATES LIVING STANDARDS MATERIAL RESOURCES MILITARIZATION MILITARY BUDGETS MILITARY EXPENDITURE MILITARY EXPENDITURES MILITARY FORCES MILITARY OPPOSITION MILITARY PERSONNEL MILITARY REGIMES MILITARY SPENDING NATIONAL DEFENSE NATIONALISM NATIONS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES OBSERVER OPPORTUNITY COST PEACE PEACE RESEARCH PENSIONS PERSONAL ENRICHMENT POLICE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL CHANGE POLITICAL INSTABILITY POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POLITICAL OPPOSITION POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PROCESS POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL STABILITY POLITICAL SUPPORT POLITICAL VIOLENCE POPULATION SIZE POPULOUS COUNTRIES POST-CONFLICT PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF LIFE REBEL REBEL GROUP REBEL GROUPS REBEL RECRUITMENT REBELLION REBELS RECONSTRUCTION RELIGIOUS FRACTIONALIZATION RESOURCE MOBILIZATION REVOLUTIONS RISK OF CONFLICT RISKS OF CONFLICT RURAL AREAS SAFETY NETS SANITATION SECONDARY EDUCATION SECURITY FORCES SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL EXPENDITURES SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECTORS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL WELFARE STATE UNIVERSITY TERRORISM TOLERANCE UNEMPLOYMENT VICTIMS VIOLENT CONFLICT VIOLENT CONFLICTS VIOLENT MEANS WAR DURATION WAR ECONOMY WAR PROJECT WARFARE WORLD DEVELOPMENT YOUNG MALE YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG SOLDIERS This paper explores the conditions under which public spending could minimize violent conflict related to oil wealth. Previous work suggests that oil can lead to violent conflict because it increases the value of the state as a prize or because it undermines the state's bureaucratic penetration. Yet, little has been said on how oil wealth could be used to prevent the onset of violent conflict through public spending by buying off citizens and elites, increasing state legitimacy by providing basic services, or strengthening the military and security apparatus. The empirical analysis (148 countries over 1960-2009) shows that higher levels of military spending are associated with lower risk of small- and large-scale conflict onset in countries rich in oil and gas. By contrast, in economies with little natural resources, increases in military spending are associated with a higher risk of conflict. Welfare expenditure is associated with lower risk of small-scale conflict, irrespective of the level of oil revenue. However, general government spending does not appear to have any robust mitigating effects. 2014-12-03T14:50:07Z 2014-12-03T14:50:07Z 2014-11 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/11/20366887/oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect-oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20607 English en_US Policy Research working paper;no. WPS 7100 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Group, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Haiti |