Evidence on Policies to Increase the Development Impacts of International Migration
International migration offers individuals and their families the potential to experience immediate and large gains in their incomes, and offers a large number of other positive benefits to the sending communities and countries. However, there are...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank Group, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/10/20272192/evidence-policies-increase-development-impacts-international-migration http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20505 |
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okr-10986-20505 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ABUSE ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO SAVINGS ACCOUNTS FOR MIGRANTS AMOUNTS OF REMITTANCES ASSET ACCUMULATION ASYLUM ASYLUM SEEKERS ASYLUM-SEEKERS ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION ATM CARD BANK ACCOUNT BANKS BENEFITS OF MIGRATION BRAIN DRAIN CAPITA INCOME CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CASH TRANSFERS CITIZEN CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP COLLECTIVE REMITTANCES COMMUNAL REMITTANCES COMMUNITIES OF ORIGIN CONSULAR IDENTITY CARD COST OF REMITTANCES COUNSELLING COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CREDIT UNIONS DEBT DEBT MANAGEMENT DEPOSIT DESTINATION COUNTRY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARNINGS ECONOMIC RIGHT EMIGRATION EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS ENROLLMENT EQUAL TREATMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXPATRIATE NATIONALS EXPLOITATION FACILITATION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REMITTANCES FINANCIAL ACCESS FINANCIAL EDUCATION FINANCIAL INSTITUTION FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE FINANCIAL LITERACY FINANCIAL LITERACY TRAINING FINANCIAL PRODUCTS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COST FLOWS OF REMITTANCES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FORMAL SAVINGS HEALTH CENTERS HOME COMMUNITIES HOME COUNTRIES HOME COUNTRY HOST COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENTS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN TRAFFICKING IDENTITY DOCUMENTS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANT POPULATION IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES IMMIGRATION POLICY INCOME INCOMES INCREASE IN REMITTANCES INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNAL MIGRATION POLICIES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICY INTERNATIONAL MONEY TRANSFER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB-SEEKERS LABOR MARKET LABOR MIGRANTS LABOR SUPPLY LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY LEGAL BARRIERS LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MATCHING FUNDS MENTAL HEALTH MICRO-LENDING MIGRANT MIGRANT ACCESS MIGRANT ASSOCIATIONS MIGRANT POPULATIONS MIGRANT REMITTANCE MIGRANT REMITTANCES MIGRANT WORKER MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANT-SENDING COUNTRIES MIGRANTS MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION POLICIES MIGRATION POLICY MIGRATION PROCESS MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MONEY TRANSFER COMPANY MONEY TRANSFER MARKET MONEY TRANSFER OPERATOR MONEY TRANSFER ORGANIZATIONS MONEY TRANSMITTERS MOTHER NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONALS NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER OF MIGRANTS NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUMBER OF WORKERS OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUALS PARTNER BANK PEACE PERMANENT RESIDENCE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRESS PUBLIC EDUCATION REFUGEES REMITTANCE REMITTANCE CHANNELS REMITTANCE CLIENTS REMITTANCE COSTS REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE PRODUCT REMITTANCE PRODUCTS REMITTANCE RECEIPTS REMITTANCE RECEIVERS REMITTANCE RECIPIENTS REMITTANCE SENDERS REMITTANCE SENDING REMITTANCE SENDING COUNTRIES REMITTANCE SERVICES REMITTANCE TRANSACTION REMITTANCE TRANSACTIONS REMITTANCE TRANSFERS REMITTANCES REMITTERS RESIDENCE STATUS RETURN MIGRANTS RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RIGHTS OF WOMEN SANITATION SAVINGS SAVINGS ACCESS SAVINGS ACCOUNTS SAVINGS FACILITIES SAVINGS PRODUCTS SAVINGS SERVICES SCHOOL YEAR SKILLED MIGRANTS SKILLED PERSONS SKILLED WORKERS SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL NETWORK SOCIAL RIGHTS SOCIAL SECTOR SPECIFIC REMITTANCE SPOUSE SPOUSES SUPPLY CHAINS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL SKILLS TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER MECHANISMS TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSPORTATION TREATIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNION USE OF REMITTANCES USES OF REMITTANCES VOLUME OF REMITTANCES VOUCHER VULNERABLE GROUPS |
| spellingShingle |
ABUSE ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO SAVINGS ACCOUNTS FOR MIGRANTS AMOUNTS OF REMITTANCES ASSET ACCUMULATION ASYLUM ASYLUM SEEKERS ASYLUM-SEEKERS ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION ATM CARD BANK ACCOUNT BANKS BENEFITS OF MIGRATION BRAIN DRAIN CAPITA INCOME CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CASH TRANSFERS CITIZEN CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP COLLECTIVE REMITTANCES COMMUNAL REMITTANCES COMMUNITIES OF ORIGIN CONSULAR IDENTITY CARD COST OF REMITTANCES COUNSELLING COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CREDIT UNIONS DEBT DEBT MANAGEMENT DEPOSIT DESTINATION COUNTRY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARNINGS ECONOMIC RIGHT EMIGRATION EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS ENROLLMENT EQUAL TREATMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXPATRIATE NATIONALS EXPLOITATION FACILITATION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REMITTANCES FINANCIAL ACCESS FINANCIAL EDUCATION FINANCIAL INSTITUTION FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE FINANCIAL LITERACY FINANCIAL LITERACY TRAINING FINANCIAL PRODUCTS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COST FLOWS OF REMITTANCES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FORMAL SAVINGS HEALTH CENTERS HOME COMMUNITIES HOME COUNTRIES HOME COUNTRY HOST COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENTS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN TRAFFICKING IDENTITY DOCUMENTS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANT POPULATION IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES IMMIGRATION POLICY INCOME INCOMES INCREASE IN REMITTANCES INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNAL MIGRATION POLICIES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICY INTERNATIONAL MONEY TRANSFER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB-SEEKERS LABOR MARKET LABOR MIGRANTS LABOR SUPPLY LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY LEGAL BARRIERS LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MATCHING FUNDS MENTAL HEALTH MICRO-LENDING MIGRANT MIGRANT ACCESS MIGRANT ASSOCIATIONS MIGRANT POPULATIONS MIGRANT REMITTANCE MIGRANT REMITTANCES MIGRANT WORKER MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANT-SENDING COUNTRIES MIGRANTS MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION POLICIES MIGRATION POLICY MIGRATION PROCESS MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MONEY TRANSFER COMPANY MONEY TRANSFER MARKET MONEY TRANSFER OPERATOR MONEY TRANSFER ORGANIZATIONS MONEY TRANSMITTERS MOTHER NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONALS NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER OF MIGRANTS NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUMBER OF WORKERS OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUALS PARTNER BANK PEACE PERMANENT RESIDENCE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRESS PUBLIC EDUCATION REFUGEES REMITTANCE REMITTANCE CHANNELS REMITTANCE CLIENTS REMITTANCE COSTS REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE PRODUCT REMITTANCE PRODUCTS REMITTANCE RECEIPTS REMITTANCE RECEIVERS REMITTANCE RECIPIENTS REMITTANCE SENDERS REMITTANCE SENDING REMITTANCE SENDING COUNTRIES REMITTANCE SERVICES REMITTANCE TRANSACTION REMITTANCE TRANSACTIONS REMITTANCE TRANSFERS REMITTANCES REMITTERS RESIDENCE STATUS RETURN MIGRANTS RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RIGHTS OF WOMEN SANITATION SAVINGS SAVINGS ACCESS SAVINGS ACCOUNTS SAVINGS FACILITIES SAVINGS PRODUCTS SAVINGS SERVICES SCHOOL YEAR SKILLED MIGRANTS SKILLED PERSONS SKILLED WORKERS SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL NETWORK SOCIAL RIGHTS SOCIAL SECTOR SPECIFIC REMITTANCE SPOUSE SPOUSES SUPPLY CHAINS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL SKILLS TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER MECHANISMS TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSPORTATION TREATIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNION USE OF REMITTANCES USES OF REMITTANCES VOLUME OF REMITTANCES VOUCHER VULNERABLE GROUPS McKenzie, David Yang, Dean Evidence on Policies to Increase the Development Impacts of International Migration |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7057 |
| description |
International migration offers
individuals and their families the potential to experience
immediate and large gains in their incomes, and offers a
large number of other positive benefits to the sending
communities and countries. However, there are also concerns
about potential costs of migration, including concerns about
trafficking and human rights, a desire for remittances to be
used more effectively, and concerns about externalities from
skilled workers being lost. As a result there is increasing
interest in policies which can enhance the development
benefits of international migration and mitigate these
potential costs. This paper provides a critical review of
recent research on the effectiveness of these policies at
three stages of the migration process: pre-departure, during
migration, and directed toward possible return. The existing
evidence base suggests some areas of policy success:
bilateral migration agreements for countries whose workers
have few other migration options, developing new savings and
remittance products that allow migrants more control over
how their money is used, and some efforts to provide
financial education to migrants and their families.
Suggestive evidence together with theory offers support for
a number of other policies, such as lowering the cost of
remittances, reducing passport costs, offering dual
citizenship, and removing exit barriers to migration.
Research offers reasons to be cautious about some policies,
such as enforcing strong rights for migrants like high
minimum wages. Nevertheless, the paper finds the evidence
base to be weak for many policies, with no reliable research
on the impact of most return migration programs, nor for
whether countries should be trying to induce communal
remitting through matching funds. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
McKenzie, David Yang, Dean |
| author_facet |
McKenzie, David Yang, Dean |
| author_sort |
McKenzie, David |
| title |
Evidence on Policies to Increase the Development Impacts of International Migration |
| title_short |
Evidence on Policies to Increase the Development Impacts of International Migration |
| title_full |
Evidence on Policies to Increase the Development Impacts of International Migration |
| title_fullStr |
Evidence on Policies to Increase the Development Impacts of International Migration |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence on Policies to Increase the Development Impacts of International Migration |
| title_sort |
evidence on policies to increase the development impacts of international migration |
| publisher |
World Bank Group, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/10/20272192/evidence-policies-increase-development-impacts-international-migration http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20505 |
| _version_ |
1764445556145389568 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-205052021-04-23T14:03:56Z Evidence on Policies to Increase the Development Impacts of International Migration McKenzie, David Yang, Dean ABUSE ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO SAVINGS ACCOUNTS FOR MIGRANTS AMOUNTS OF REMITTANCES ASSET ACCUMULATION ASYLUM ASYLUM SEEKERS ASYLUM-SEEKERS ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION ATM CARD BANK ACCOUNT BANKS BENEFITS OF MIGRATION BRAIN DRAIN CAPITA INCOME CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CASH TRANSFERS CITIZEN CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP COLLECTIVE REMITTANCES COMMUNAL REMITTANCES COMMUNITIES OF ORIGIN CONSULAR IDENTITY CARD COST OF REMITTANCES COUNSELLING COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CREDIT UNIONS DEBT DEBT MANAGEMENT DEPOSIT DESTINATION COUNTRY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARNINGS ECONOMIC RIGHT EMIGRATION EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS ENROLLMENT EQUAL TREATMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXPATRIATE NATIONALS EXPLOITATION FACILITATION FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REMITTANCES FINANCIAL ACCESS FINANCIAL EDUCATION FINANCIAL INSTITUTION FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE FINANCIAL LITERACY FINANCIAL LITERACY TRAINING FINANCIAL PRODUCTS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COST FLOWS OF REMITTANCES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FORMAL SAVINGS HEALTH CENTERS HOME COMMUNITIES HOME COUNTRIES HOME COUNTRY HOST COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENTS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN TRAFFICKING IDENTITY DOCUMENTS IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANT POPULATION IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES IMMIGRATION POLICY INCOME INCOMES INCREASE IN REMITTANCES INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNAL MIGRATION POLICIES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICY INTERNATIONAL MONEY TRANSFER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB-SEEKERS LABOR MARKET LABOR MIGRANTS LABOR SUPPLY LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY LEGAL BARRIERS LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MATCHING FUNDS MENTAL HEALTH MICRO-LENDING MIGRANT MIGRANT ACCESS MIGRANT ASSOCIATIONS MIGRANT POPULATIONS MIGRANT REMITTANCE MIGRANT REMITTANCES MIGRANT WORKER MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANT-SENDING COUNTRIES MIGRANTS MIGRATION FLOWS MIGRATION POLICIES MIGRATION POLICY MIGRATION PROCESS MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES MONEY TRANSFER COMPANY MONEY TRANSFER MARKET MONEY TRANSFER OPERATOR MONEY TRANSFER ORGANIZATIONS MONEY TRANSMITTERS MOTHER NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONALS NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER OF MIGRANTS NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUMBER OF WORKERS OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUALS PARTNER BANK PEACE PERMANENT RESIDENCE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROGRESS PUBLIC EDUCATION REFUGEES REMITTANCE REMITTANCE CHANNELS REMITTANCE CLIENTS REMITTANCE COSTS REMITTANCE FLOWS REMITTANCE PRODUCT REMITTANCE PRODUCTS REMITTANCE RECEIPTS REMITTANCE RECEIVERS REMITTANCE RECIPIENTS REMITTANCE SENDERS REMITTANCE SENDING REMITTANCE SENDING COUNTRIES REMITTANCE SERVICES REMITTANCE TRANSACTION REMITTANCE TRANSACTIONS REMITTANCE TRANSFERS REMITTANCES REMITTERS RESIDENCE STATUS RETURN MIGRANTS RETURN MIGRATION RETURNEES RIGHTS OF WOMEN SANITATION SAVINGS SAVINGS ACCESS SAVINGS ACCOUNTS SAVINGS FACILITIES SAVINGS PRODUCTS SAVINGS SERVICES SCHOOL YEAR SKILLED MIGRANTS SKILLED PERSONS SKILLED WORKERS SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL NETWORK SOCIAL RIGHTS SOCIAL SECTOR SPECIFIC REMITTANCE SPOUSE SPOUSES SUPPLY CHAINS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL SKILLS TRADE UNIONS TRANSFER MECHANISMS TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSPORTATION TREATIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNION USE OF REMITTANCES USES OF REMITTANCES VOLUME OF REMITTANCES VOUCHER VULNERABLE GROUPS International migration offers individuals and their families the potential to experience immediate and large gains in their incomes, and offers a large number of other positive benefits to the sending communities and countries. However, there are also concerns about potential costs of migration, including concerns about trafficking and human rights, a desire for remittances to be used more effectively, and concerns about externalities from skilled workers being lost. As a result there is increasing interest in policies which can enhance the development benefits of international migration and mitigate these potential costs. This paper provides a critical review of recent research on the effectiveness of these policies at three stages of the migration process: pre-departure, during migration, and directed toward possible return. The existing evidence base suggests some areas of policy success: bilateral migration agreements for countries whose workers have few other migration options, developing new savings and remittance products that allow migrants more control over how their money is used, and some efforts to provide financial education to migrants and their families. Suggestive evidence together with theory offers support for a number of other policies, such as lowering the cost of remittances, reducing passport costs, offering dual citizenship, and removing exit barriers to migration. Research offers reasons to be cautious about some policies, such as enforcing strong rights for migrants like high minimum wages. Nevertheless, the paper finds the evidence base to be weak for many policies, with no reliable research on the impact of most return migration programs, nor for whether countries should be trying to induce communal remitting through matching funds. 2014-11-12T20:05:25Z 2014-11-12T20:05:25Z 2014-10 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/10/20272192/evidence-policies-increase-development-impacts-international-migration http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20505 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7057 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Group, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |