Portraits of Labor Market Exclusion

The financial crisis that hit the global market in the middle of 2008 gave way to the sharpest contraction of the European economies since the Great Depression. In 2009 the economic output in the countries of the European Union shrank 4.5 percent,...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Sundaram, Ramya, Hoerning, Ulrich, De Andrade Falcao, Natasha, Millan, Natalia, Tokman, Carla, Zini, Michele
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2014
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS BABY BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES BENEFICIARIES CAPITAL FORMATION CHILD CARE CHILD-CARE CITIZENS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISABILITY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISCRIMINATION DISSEMINATION EARLY RETIREMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICIES ECONOMIC RECOVERY ECONOMIC RISKS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL LEVELS ELDERLY EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT LEVELS EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EXPENDITURES FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY FINANCIAL CRISIS FORMULATION OF POLICIES FUTURES GENDER GAP GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNMENT BUDGETS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH CARE HEALTH PROBLEMS HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME SUPPORT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INVESTING JOB CREATION JOB LOSSES JOB SEARCH JOB-SEEKERS JOBS KIDS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET POLICY LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR LAW LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKET POLICY LABOUR OFFICE LEGAL STATUS LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING CONDITIONS LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT LOW BIRTH RATE MALE PARTICIPATION MARKET ANALYSIS MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET DEVELOPMENTS MARKET ENTRY MARKET EXCLUSION MARKET INTEGRATION MARKETING MATERNITY BENEFITS MATERNITY LEAVE MIGRANT MIGRATION MINISTRY OF LABOUR OLD-AGE OLD-AGE PENSION OLD-AGE PENSIONS OLDER PEOPLE OLDER WORKERS PENSION PENSIONS POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POPULATION DECREASE POPULATION GROUPS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIOR WORK EXPERIENCE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES RESPECT RETIREMENT RURAL AREAS RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL WOMEN SECONDARY SCHOOL SOCIAL AFFAIRS SOCIAL BENEFITS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL INCLUSION SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL REASONS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES STANDARD OF LIVING STATE UNIVERSITY TAX TEENAGERS TERTIARY EDUCATION TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT TRUST FUNDS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED ADULTS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FUND UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION URBANIZATION VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VULNERABILITY WORK FORCE WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING-AGE POPULATION WORKING-AGE POPULATIONS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/08/20334330/portraits-labor-market-exclusion http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20490

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Summary:	The financial crisis that hit the global market in the middle of 2008 gave way to the sharpest contraction of the European economies since the Great Depression. In 2009 the economic output in the countries of the European Union shrank 4.5 percent, the largest reduction in GDP since its creation. Since then, the economies have slowly recovered, but unemployment has continued to rise, reaching 11 percent in 2013, up from 7.1 percent in 2008. The economy of the European Union shrank 4.5 percent, the largest reduction in its GDP since the Union s creation. Furthermore, for the European Union as a whole, long-term unemployment among 15- to 64-year-olds has increased from 37.2 percent in 2008 to 47.5 percent of total unemployment in 2013. In several countries more than half of those unemployed are long-term unemployed, that is, they have been looking for jobs for more than 12 months. In Greece and Bulgaria the share of long-term unemployed in 2013 was 67.5 percent and 57.3 percent, respectively. Youth unemployment, on the other hand, has increased almost 8 percent since 2008, reaching 23.3 percent in 2013 in the EU-28 countries. In Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary, around a fourth of 15- to 24-year-olds are unemployed; in Greece close to 60 percent of youth were unemployed in 2013. Long spells of unemployment expose individuals to impoverishment. They can also lead to deterioration of skills and detachment from the labor market. Youth unemployment is particularly concerning as it risks damaging longer-term employment prospects for young people, leading them to face higher risks of exclusion and poverty. Youth unemployment also has growth implications as a generation of educated and productive people are not working at their potential. Finally, very high levels of youth unemployment for long periods of time can become a threat to social stability.

Portraits of Labor Market Exclusion

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