Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union
The implementation of the customs union (CU) in 1995 was the culmination of thirty-two years of association between the European Union (EU) and Turkey and was expected by Turkey to be the first step in the EU accession process. The CU has been a ma...
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| Format: | Foreign Trade, FDI, and Capital Flows Study |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/03/20252590/evaluation-eu-turkey-customs-union http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20444 |
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okr-10986-20444 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AD VALOREM AGGREGATE EXPORTS AGGREGATE TRADE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING ANTIDUMPING DUTIES AUTOMOBILES BARRIERS TO TRADE BILATERAL AGREEMENT BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL CUMULATION BILATERAL TRADE CAPACITY BUILDING CENTRAL BANK COMMERCIAL POLICY COMMON MARKET COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES CUSTOMS DECLARATIONS CUSTOMS DUTIES CUSTOMS LEGISLATION CUSTOMS MODERNIZATION CUSTOMS REGIME CUSTOMS UNION DECISION MAKING DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM DOMESTIC LEGISLATION DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC WELFARE EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE RATE EXPORT BASKET EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT VALUE EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFF FOREIGN BUYERS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN SOURCES FREE ACCESS FREE IMPORTS FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION FREE TREATMENT FULL LIBERALIZATION GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS GRAVITY MODEL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IMPORT PRICES IMPORT REGIME IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY TRADE INSPECTION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INVESTMENT PROTECTION LABOR STANDARDS LDCS LEGAL SYSTEM MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MARKET ACCESS MARKET ACCESS OPPORTUNITIES MOST FAVORED NATION MOTOR VEHICLE MOTOR VEHICLES MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS MUTUAL AGREEMENT MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION PRINCIPLE NATIONAL MARKETS NEIGHBORHOODS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS PREFERENTIAL MARGIN PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PROPERTY RIGHTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA SYSTEM RAIL RAIL SERVICES REAL INCOME RECIPROCAL ACCESS REGIONALISM REGULATORY CONVERGENCE REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REGIMES ROAD ROAD TRANSPORT ROUTES RULES OF ORIGIN SAFETY SKILLED LABOR SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF STRUCTURE TAX TAX BASE TAX REVENUES TAXATION TECHNICAL BARRIERS TECHNICAL COMMITTEES TECHNICAL REGULATION TECHNICAL REGULATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TERMS OF TRADE TERMS-OF-TRADE EFFECT TIRES TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE CONCESSIONS TRADE COSTS TRADE CREATION TRADE DATA TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FACILITATION TRADE IN GOODS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATION TRADE POLICY TRADE RELATIONSHIP TRADE TAXES TRAINS TRANSIT TRANSIT SYSTEM TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT OF GOODS TRANSPORT OPERATORS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRANSPORTS TRAVELERS UNFAIR COMPETITION VALUE ADDED VALUE OF EXPORTS WAGES WELFARE LOSS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
AD VALOREM AGGREGATE EXPORTS AGGREGATE TRADE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING ANTIDUMPING DUTIES AUTOMOBILES BARRIERS TO TRADE BILATERAL AGREEMENT BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL CUMULATION BILATERAL TRADE CAPACITY BUILDING CENTRAL BANK COMMERCIAL POLICY COMMON MARKET COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES CUSTOMS DECLARATIONS CUSTOMS DUTIES CUSTOMS LEGISLATION CUSTOMS MODERNIZATION CUSTOMS REGIME CUSTOMS UNION DECISION MAKING DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM DOMESTIC LEGISLATION DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC WELFARE EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE RATE EXPORT BASKET EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT VALUE EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFF FOREIGN BUYERS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN SOURCES FREE ACCESS FREE IMPORTS FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION FREE TREATMENT FULL LIBERALIZATION GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS GRAVITY MODEL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IMPORT PRICES IMPORT REGIME IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY TRADE INSPECTION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INVESTMENT PROTECTION LABOR STANDARDS LDCS LEGAL SYSTEM MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MARKET ACCESS MARKET ACCESS OPPORTUNITIES MOST FAVORED NATION MOTOR VEHICLE MOTOR VEHICLES MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS MUTUAL AGREEMENT MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION PRINCIPLE NATIONAL MARKETS NEIGHBORHOODS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS PREFERENTIAL MARGIN PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PROPERTY RIGHTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA SYSTEM RAIL RAIL SERVICES REAL INCOME RECIPROCAL ACCESS REGIONALISM REGULATORY CONVERGENCE REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REGIMES ROAD ROAD TRANSPORT ROUTES RULES OF ORIGIN SAFETY SKILLED LABOR SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF STRUCTURE TAX TAX BASE TAX REVENUES TAXATION TECHNICAL BARRIERS TECHNICAL COMMITTEES TECHNICAL REGULATION TECHNICAL REGULATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TERMS OF TRADE TERMS-OF-TRADE EFFECT TIRES TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE CONCESSIONS TRADE COSTS TRADE CREATION TRADE DATA TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FACILITATION TRADE IN GOODS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATION TRADE POLICY TRADE RELATIONSHIP TRADE TAXES TRAINS TRANSIT TRANSIT SYSTEM TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT OF GOODS TRANSPORT OPERATORS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRANSPORTS TRAVELERS UNFAIR COMPETITION VALUE ADDED VALUE OF EXPORTS WAGES WELFARE LOSS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO World Bank Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Turkey |
| description |
The implementation of the customs union
(CU) in 1995 was the culmination of thirty-two years of
association between the European Union (EU) and Turkey and
was expected by Turkey to be the first step in the EU
accession process. The CU has been a major instrument of
integration for the Turkish economy into both European and
global markets. The CU covers trade in just industrial goods
(including the industrial components of processed
agricultural products) and excludes primary agriculture,
services, and public procurement but has proved to be a
powerful force of regulatory convergence. The evaluation s
objectives are to assess the impacts of the CU and to make
forward looking, solution-orientated recommendations for its
improvement with an emphasis on the economics behind the
various trade irritants and options for dealing with
problems related to asymmetries as well as examining the
case for widening. The evaluation provides quantitative and
qualitative estimates of the effects of the CU and
demonstrates that the trade agreement has been highly
beneficial for both Turkey and the EU. The evaluation
consists of two main parts: (i) an evaluation of the impact
of the CU on trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and
more broadly, welfare in Turkey through the effects it has
had on trade policy, eliminating the need for rules of
origin (ROOs) on preferential trade with the EU and
implementing the acquis in areas covered by the CU; and (ii)
a review of current limitations of the existing trade
arrangement, potential gains in dealing with these as well
as modalities for reform. The evaluation has six sections.
Section one gives introduction. Section two reviews trade
and investment outcomes between the EU and Turkey. Section
three examines the effects the CU has had on the trade
policy environment for Turkey. Section four provides an
overview of EU-Turkey trade relations in terms of Turkey s
harmonization with EU regulations and use of trade defense
instruments. The fifth section examines the potential
impacts of widening the trade arrangement to cover new areas
in agriculture and services and makes proposals for the
modalities that can be used to include these as part of an
agreement including in the context of full accession.
Section six presents conclusions and recommendations. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Foreign Trade, FDI, and Capital Flows Study |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union |
| title_short |
Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union |
| title_full |
Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union |
| title_sort |
evaluation of the eu-turkey customs union |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/03/20252590/evaluation-eu-turkey-customs-union http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20444 |
| _version_ |
1764445386008690688 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-204442021-04-23T14:03:55Z Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union World Bank AD VALOREM AGGREGATE EXPORTS AGGREGATE TRADE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING ANTIDUMPING DUTIES AUTOMOBILES BARRIERS TO TRADE BILATERAL AGREEMENT BILATERAL AGREEMENTS BILATERAL CUMULATION BILATERAL TRADE CAPACITY BUILDING CENTRAL BANK COMMERCIAL POLICY COMMON MARKET COMPETITION POLICY COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES CUSTOMS DECLARATIONS CUSTOMS DUTIES CUSTOMS LEGISLATION CUSTOMS MODERNIZATION CUSTOMS REGIME CUSTOMS UNION DECISION MAKING DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM DOMESTIC LEGISLATION DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC WELFARE EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE RATE EXPORT BASKET EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT VALUE EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFF FOREIGN BUYERS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN SOURCES FREE ACCESS FREE IMPORTS FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION FREE TREATMENT FULL LIBERALIZATION GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS GRAVITY MODEL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IMPORT PRICES IMPORT REGIME IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY TRADE INSPECTION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INVESTMENT PROTECTION LABOR STANDARDS LDCS LEGAL SYSTEM MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MARKET ACCESS MARKET ACCESS OPPORTUNITIES MOST FAVORED NATION MOTOR VEHICLE MOTOR VEHICLES MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS MUTUAL AGREEMENT MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION PRINCIPLE NATIONAL MARKETS NEIGHBORHOODS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS PREFERENTIAL MARGIN PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PROPERTY RIGHTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA SYSTEM RAIL RAIL SERVICES REAL INCOME RECIPROCAL ACCESS REGIONALISM REGULATORY CONVERGENCE REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REGIMES ROAD ROAD TRANSPORT ROUTES RULES OF ORIGIN SAFETY SKILLED LABOR SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF STRUCTURE TAX TAX BASE TAX REVENUES TAXATION TECHNICAL BARRIERS TECHNICAL COMMITTEES TECHNICAL REGULATION TECHNICAL REGULATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TERMS OF TRADE TERMS-OF-TRADE EFFECT TIRES TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE CONCESSIONS TRADE COSTS TRADE CREATION TRADE DATA TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FACILITATION TRADE IN GOODS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATION TRADE POLICY TRADE RELATIONSHIP TRADE TAXES TRAINS TRANSIT TRANSIT SYSTEM TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT OF GOODS TRANSPORT OPERATORS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRANSPORTS TRAVELERS UNFAIR COMPETITION VALUE ADDED VALUE OF EXPORTS WAGES WELFARE LOSS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO The implementation of the customs union (CU) in 1995 was the culmination of thirty-two years of association between the European Union (EU) and Turkey and was expected by Turkey to be the first step in the EU accession process. The CU has been a major instrument of integration for the Turkish economy into both European and global markets. The CU covers trade in just industrial goods (including the industrial components of processed agricultural products) and excludes primary agriculture, services, and public procurement but has proved to be a powerful force of regulatory convergence. The evaluation s objectives are to assess the impacts of the CU and to make forward looking, solution-orientated recommendations for its improvement with an emphasis on the economics behind the various trade irritants and options for dealing with problems related to asymmetries as well as examining the case for widening. The evaluation provides quantitative and qualitative estimates of the effects of the CU and demonstrates that the trade agreement has been highly beneficial for both Turkey and the EU. The evaluation consists of two main parts: (i) an evaluation of the impact of the CU on trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and more broadly, welfare in Turkey through the effects it has had on trade policy, eliminating the need for rules of origin (ROOs) on preferential trade with the EU and implementing the acquis in areas covered by the CU; and (ii) a review of current limitations of the existing trade arrangement, potential gains in dealing with these as well as modalities for reform. The evaluation has six sections. Section one gives introduction. Section two reviews trade and investment outcomes between the EU and Turkey. Section three examines the effects the CU has had on the trade policy environment for Turkey. Section four provides an overview of EU-Turkey trade relations in terms of Turkey s harmonization with EU regulations and use of trade defense instruments. The fifth section examines the potential impacts of widening the trade arrangement to cover new areas in agriculture and services and makes proposals for the modalities that can be used to include these as part of an agreement including in the context of full accession. Section six presents conclusions and recommendations. 2014-10-16T16:39:55Z 2014-10-16T16:39:55Z 2014-03-28 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/03/20252590/evaluation-eu-turkey-customs-union http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20444 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Foreign Trade, FDI, and Capital Flows Study Economic & Sector Work Europe and Central Asia Turkey |