Cleaner Transport Fuels for Cleaner Air in Central Asia and the Caucasus
Combating pollution needs to be based on standards supported by enforced regulatory, and physical infrastructure, not always in place in countries in transition from central planning to a market economy. Policymakers in the Central Asia and the Cau...
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| Format: | ESMAP Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/08/1671294/cleaner-transport-fuels-cleaner-air-central-asia-caucasus http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20292 |
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okr-10986-20292 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCELERATION SIMULATION MODE AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION FROM TRANSPORT AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING AIRBORNE LEAD ALCOHOLS AROMATICS BASES BENZENE BRANCHED PARAFFINS CARBON CARBON ATOMS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CATALYST REGENERATION CATALYSTS CATALYTIC CONVERTER CATALYTIC CRACKING CENTRAL PLANNING CETANE IMPROVEMENT ADDITIVES CETANE INDEX CETANE NUMBER CHEMICAL PROCESS CHEMICALS CLEAN AIR CLEAN FUEL CLEANER FUELS CO CO2 COLORS COMBUSTION COMBUSTION CHAMBER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONSERVATION CONTINUOUS MONITORING COST ANALYSIS CRUDE DISTILLATION CRUDE OILS CRUDE PETROLEUM DECISION MAKING DIESEL DIESEL FUEL DIFFUSION ECOLOGY ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS ELEVATED AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSIONS LEVELS EMISSIONS STANDARDS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY PRACTICES ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ETHERS EXHAUST SYSTEM FINE PARTICLES FINE PARTICULATE MATTER FOSSIL FUELS FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL DEMAND FUEL ECONOMY FUEL MIX FUEL OIL FUEL PRICING FUEL QUALITY FUEL QUALITY MONITORING FUEL REGULATIONS FUEL REQUIREMENTS FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL USE GAS CHROMATOGRAPH GAS INDUSTRY GAS OIL GAS PROGRAM GASOLINE GASOLINE ENGINE GASOLINE FRACTION GASOLINE OCTANE GASOLINE POOL GASOLINE QUALITY GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS GASOLINE SULFUR GNP GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT HC HEAVY OILS HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS HYDROGEN HYDROMETEOROLOGY LEADED GASOLINE LIVING CONDITIONS LNG MANGANESE METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER MINERAL MTBE NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 NOX OCTANE OCTANE BOOSTERS OCTANE DEMAND OCTANE GASOLINE OIL & GAS OIL AND GAS OIL REFINERY OILS OLIGOPOLY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OXIDES OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXYGEN OZONE PESTICIDES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PETROLEUM SECTOR PM10 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POVERTY ALLEVIATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES REFINERIES REFINERY REFINING REMOTE SENSING SO2 STATIONARY SOURCES STREAM SULFUR DIOXIDE SUSPENDED PARTICLES SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TEMPERATURE TRAFFIC TRANSPORT FUEL TRANSPORT FUEL CONSUMPTION TRANSPORT FUELS URBAN AIR POLLUTION URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN POLLUTION VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION LEVELS VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE INSPECTION VEHICLE SERVICING VEHICLES WATER QUALITY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ACCELERATION SIMULATION MODE AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION FROM TRANSPORT AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING AIRBORNE LEAD ALCOHOLS AROMATICS BASES BENZENE BRANCHED PARAFFINS CARBON CARBON ATOMS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CATALYST REGENERATION CATALYSTS CATALYTIC CONVERTER CATALYTIC CRACKING CENTRAL PLANNING CETANE IMPROVEMENT ADDITIVES CETANE INDEX CETANE NUMBER CHEMICAL PROCESS CHEMICALS CLEAN AIR CLEAN FUEL CLEANER FUELS CO CO2 COLORS COMBUSTION COMBUSTION CHAMBER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONSERVATION CONTINUOUS MONITORING COST ANALYSIS CRUDE DISTILLATION CRUDE OILS CRUDE PETROLEUM DECISION MAKING DIESEL DIESEL FUEL DIFFUSION ECOLOGY ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS ELEVATED AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSIONS LEVELS EMISSIONS STANDARDS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY PRACTICES ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ETHERS EXHAUST SYSTEM FINE PARTICLES FINE PARTICULATE MATTER FOSSIL FUELS FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL DEMAND FUEL ECONOMY FUEL MIX FUEL OIL FUEL PRICING FUEL QUALITY FUEL QUALITY MONITORING FUEL REGULATIONS FUEL REQUIREMENTS FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL USE GAS CHROMATOGRAPH GAS INDUSTRY GAS OIL GAS PROGRAM GASOLINE GASOLINE ENGINE GASOLINE FRACTION GASOLINE OCTANE GASOLINE POOL GASOLINE QUALITY GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS GASOLINE SULFUR GNP GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT HC HEAVY OILS HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS HYDROGEN HYDROMETEOROLOGY LEADED GASOLINE LIVING CONDITIONS LNG MANGANESE METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER MINERAL MTBE NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 NOX OCTANE OCTANE BOOSTERS OCTANE DEMAND OCTANE GASOLINE OIL & GAS OIL AND GAS OIL REFINERY OILS OLIGOPOLY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OXIDES OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXYGEN OZONE PESTICIDES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PETROLEUM SECTOR PM10 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POVERTY ALLEVIATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES REFINERIES REFINERY REFINING REMOTE SENSING SO2 STATIONARY SOURCES STREAM SULFUR DIOXIDE SUSPENDED PARTICLES SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TEMPERATURE TRAFFIC TRANSPORT FUEL TRANSPORT FUEL CONSUMPTION TRANSPORT FUELS URBAN AIR POLLUTION URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN POLLUTION VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION LEVELS VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE INSPECTION VEHICLE SERVICING VEHICLES WATER QUALITY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION World Bank Cleaner Transport Fuels for Cleaner Air in Central Asia and the Caucasus |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Central Asia |
| relation |
Energy Sector Management Assistance
Programme (ESMAP);no. ESM 242 / 01 |
| description |
Combating pollution needs to be based on
standards supported by enforced regulatory, and physical
infrastructure, not always in place in countries in
transition from central planning to a market economy.
Policymakers in the Central Asia and the Caucus region,
however, are recognizing the need for such steps against
pollution, demonstrated by their commitment to phase out
lead from gasoline. To support these efforts, the Bank
undertook a regional study on cleaner transport fuels for
urban quality improvement in the region, recognizing that
fuel quality improvements should be linked to broader air
quality management, to ensure cost-effectiveness, and in
addressing these issues, it is therefore possible to build
on economies of scale, avoid duplications, allow the
transfer of experience, and facilitate intra-regional trade
in petroleum products. This lead to this study's
observations, and recommendations. The establishment of
continuous monitoring of the "classical"
pollutants, should permit comparison with international
standards, by monitoring fine particles, airborne lead, and
ground-level ozone. In turn, facilities with diagnostic
equipment, and qualified technicians should be available,
including vehicle registration systems. It is recommended
that gasoline lead should be eliminated by 2005, sulfur in
gasoline should be limited by 2015, benzene reductions
should be phased out, and instead introduce the acceptable
diesel sulfur specifications, and standards as in developed
countries. Considerations should include the installation of
isomer units; reevaluation on the role of refineries in
gasoline production; and, fuel-quality specifications in
privatization biding documents, should ensure predictability
of regulations. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Cleaner Transport Fuels for Cleaner Air in Central Asia and the Caucasus |
| title_short |
Cleaner Transport Fuels for Cleaner Air in Central Asia and the Caucasus |
| title_full |
Cleaner Transport Fuels for Cleaner Air in Central Asia and the Caucasus |
| title_fullStr |
Cleaner Transport Fuels for Cleaner Air in Central Asia and the Caucasus |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cleaner Transport Fuels for Cleaner Air in Central Asia and the Caucasus |
| title_sort |
cleaner transport fuels for cleaner air in central asia and the caucasus |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/08/1671294/cleaner-transport-fuels-cleaner-air-central-asia-caucasus http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20292 |
| _version_ |
1764437118995660800 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-202922021-04-23T14:03:37Z Cleaner Transport Fuels for Cleaner Air in Central Asia and the Caucasus World Bank ACCELERATION SIMULATION MODE AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION FROM TRANSPORT AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING AIRBORNE LEAD ALCOHOLS AROMATICS BASES BENZENE BRANCHED PARAFFINS CARBON CARBON ATOMS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CATALYST REGENERATION CATALYSTS CATALYTIC CONVERTER CATALYTIC CRACKING CENTRAL PLANNING CETANE IMPROVEMENT ADDITIVES CETANE INDEX CETANE NUMBER CHEMICAL PROCESS CHEMICALS CLEAN AIR CLEAN FUEL CLEANER FUELS CO CO2 COLORS COMBUSTION COMBUSTION CHAMBER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONSERVATION CONTINUOUS MONITORING COST ANALYSIS CRUDE DISTILLATION CRUDE OILS CRUDE PETROLEUM DECISION MAKING DIESEL DIESEL FUEL DIFFUSION ECOLOGY ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS ELEVATED AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSIONS LEVELS EMISSIONS STANDARDS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY PRACTICES ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ETHERS EXHAUST SYSTEM FINE PARTICLES FINE PARTICULATE MATTER FOSSIL FUELS FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL DEMAND FUEL ECONOMY FUEL MIX FUEL OIL FUEL PRICING FUEL QUALITY FUEL QUALITY MONITORING FUEL REGULATIONS FUEL REQUIREMENTS FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL USE GAS CHROMATOGRAPH GAS INDUSTRY GAS OIL GAS PROGRAM GASOLINE GASOLINE ENGINE GASOLINE FRACTION GASOLINE OCTANE GASOLINE POOL GASOLINE QUALITY GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS GASOLINE SULFUR GNP GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT HC HEAVY OILS HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS HYDROGEN HYDROMETEOROLOGY LEADED GASOLINE LIVING CONDITIONS LNG MANGANESE METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER MINERAL MTBE NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 NOX OCTANE OCTANE BOOSTERS OCTANE DEMAND OCTANE GASOLINE OIL & GAS OIL AND GAS OIL REFINERY OILS OLIGOPOLY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OXIDES OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXYGEN OZONE PESTICIDES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PETROLEUM SECTOR PM10 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POVERTY ALLEVIATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES REFINERIES REFINERY REFINING REMOTE SENSING SO2 STATIONARY SOURCES STREAM SULFUR DIOXIDE SUSPENDED PARTICLES SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TEMPERATURE TRAFFIC TRANSPORT FUEL TRANSPORT FUEL CONSUMPTION TRANSPORT FUELS URBAN AIR POLLUTION URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN POLLUTION VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION LEVELS VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE INSPECTION VEHICLE SERVICING VEHICLES WATER QUALITY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Combating pollution needs to be based on standards supported by enforced regulatory, and physical infrastructure, not always in place in countries in transition from central planning to a market economy. Policymakers in the Central Asia and the Caucus region, however, are recognizing the need for such steps against pollution, demonstrated by their commitment to phase out lead from gasoline. To support these efforts, the Bank undertook a regional study on cleaner transport fuels for urban quality improvement in the region, recognizing that fuel quality improvements should be linked to broader air quality management, to ensure cost-effectiveness, and in addressing these issues, it is therefore possible to build on economies of scale, avoid duplications, allow the transfer of experience, and facilitate intra-regional trade in petroleum products. This lead to this study's observations, and recommendations. The establishment of continuous monitoring of the "classical" pollutants, should permit comparison with international standards, by monitoring fine particles, airborne lead, and ground-level ozone. In turn, facilities with diagnostic equipment, and qualified technicians should be available, including vehicle registration systems. It is recommended that gasoline lead should be eliminated by 2005, sulfur in gasoline should be limited by 2015, benzene reductions should be phased out, and instead introduce the acceptable diesel sulfur specifications, and standards as in developed countries. Considerations should include the installation of isomer units; reevaluation on the role of refineries in gasoline production; and, fuel-quality specifications in privatization biding documents, should ensure predictability of regulations. 2014-09-30T18:14:47Z 2014-09-30T18:14:47Z 2001-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/08/1671294/cleaner-transport-fuels-cleaner-air-central-asia-caucasus http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20292 English en_US Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP);no. ESM 242 / 01 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia Central Asia |