India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation

India's environmental problems are deep-rooted and severe. Estimates of annual environmental damage range from 4.5 percent to 8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), in line with annual economic growth. Since 1990 the World Bank has lent In...

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Main Authors: Ringskog, Klas, Chow, Nola
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:
CDF
GAS
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/01/20106080/india-environmental-sustainability-1990s-country-assistance-evaluation
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20230
id okr-10986-20230
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ADVERSE EFFECTS
AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
AIR POLLUTANTS
AIR POLLUTION
AIR QUALITY
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES
AQUIFERS
ASSESSMENT PROCESS
BANK FAILURE
BASINS
BIO-DIVERSITY
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
CARBON
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
CARBON TAX
CARBON TAXES
CDF
CFCS
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
CLEAN COAL
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES
CLEANER PRODUCTION
COAL
COAL RESOURCES
COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
COASTAL ZONES
COLLECTION SYSTEMS
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
CONSOLIDATION
CONSTRUCTION
CONTAMINATED WATER
COST EFFECTIVENESS
DECENTRALIZATION
DECISION MAKING
DEFORESTATION
DEGRADED LAND
DEGRADED LANDS
DISPOSAL PROBLEMS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC EFFECTS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC INCENTIVES
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEMS
EFFECTIVE USE
EFFICIENT USE
EFFLUENT TREATMENT
EFFLUENTS
ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
EMISSION
EMISSION LEVELS
EMISSION STANDARDS
EMISSIONS
ENDANGERED SPECIES
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENERGY RESEARCH
ENERGY RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN
ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION
ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
ENVIRONMENTAL TARGETS
EXTERNALITIES
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
FISH
FLAT TOPOGRAPHY
FOREST COVER
FOREST MANAGEMENT
FORESTRY
FUEL
FUELS
GAS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
GLOBAL WARMING
GREENHOUSE
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
GREENHOUSE GAS
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
GREENHOUSE GASES
GROUNDWATER
HAZARDOUS WASTES
HEALTH HAZARD
HEALTH RISK
HIGH LEVELS
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL WATERS
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
IRRIGATION WATER
LAND DEGRADATION
LAND TENURE
LAWS
LEGISLATION
LIVING CONDITIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOGGING
MAJOR EMITTER
MARGINAL COST
METHANE
METHANE EMISSIONS
METROPOLITAN AREAS
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL RESOURCE BASE
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
NATURAL RESOURCES
OVERGRAZING
OVERPUMPING
OZONE
OZONE DEPLETION
OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
PARTICULATE MATTER
PER CAPITA EMISSION
PER CAPITA INCOME
PETROLEUM REFINERIES
POLLUTION ABATEMENT
POLLUTION CONTROL
POLLUTION DISCHARGE
POLLUTION LEVELS
POLLUTION TAX
POPULATION GROWTH
POWER CONSUMPTION
POWER GENERATION
POWER PLANTS
POWER STATIONS
POWER UTILITIES
POWER UTILITY
PRICE ELASTICITY
PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
PRODUCTION PATTERNS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTIVITY
PROTECTED AREAS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
PUBLIC POLICY
QUALITY STANDARDS
RECLAMATION
REMOTE SENSING
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
RESOURCE USE
RISK FACTORS
RIVERS
RURAL WATER SUPPLY
SAFE WATER
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
SEWAGE
SOIL DEGRADATION
SOLAR POWER
SOLID WASTE
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
SURCHARGES
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE USE
TAX REFORM
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
THERMAL POLLUTION
THERMAL POWER
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
TRANSPORT
TREATIES
TRUST FUNDS
UNSAFE DRINKING WATER
URBAN AIR POLLUTION
URBAN CENTERS
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
URBAN POLLUTION
URBAN POPULATION
WASHING
WASTE
WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE MINIMIZATION
WATER CONSERVATION
WATER POLLUTION
WATER QUALITY
WATER SUPPLY
WETLANDS
spellingShingle ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ADVERSE EFFECTS
AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
AIR POLLUTANTS
AIR POLLUTION
AIR QUALITY
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES
AQUIFERS
ASSESSMENT PROCESS
BANK FAILURE
BASINS
BIO-DIVERSITY
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
CARBON
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
CARBON TAX
CARBON TAXES
CDF
CFCS
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
CLEAN COAL
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES
CLEANER PRODUCTION
COAL
COAL RESOURCES
COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
COASTAL ZONES
COLLECTION SYSTEMS
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
CONSOLIDATION
CONSTRUCTION
CONTAMINATED WATER
COST EFFECTIVENESS
DECENTRALIZATION
DECISION MAKING
DEFORESTATION
DEGRADED LAND
DEGRADED LANDS
DISPOSAL PROBLEMS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC EFFECTS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC INCENTIVES
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEMS
EFFECTIVE USE
EFFICIENT USE
EFFLUENT TREATMENT
EFFLUENTS
ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
EMISSION
EMISSION LEVELS
EMISSION STANDARDS
EMISSIONS
ENDANGERED SPECIES
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENERGY RESEARCH
ENERGY RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN
ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION
ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
ENVIRONMENTAL TARGETS
EXTERNALITIES
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
FISH
FLAT TOPOGRAPHY
FOREST COVER
FOREST MANAGEMENT
FORESTRY
FUEL
FUELS
GAS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
GLOBAL WARMING
GREENHOUSE
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
GREENHOUSE GAS
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
GREENHOUSE GASES
GROUNDWATER
HAZARDOUS WASTES
HEALTH HAZARD
HEALTH RISK
HIGH LEVELS
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL WATERS
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
IRRIGATION WATER
LAND DEGRADATION
LAND TENURE
LAWS
LEGISLATION
LIVING CONDITIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOGGING
MAJOR EMITTER
MARGINAL COST
METHANE
METHANE EMISSIONS
METROPOLITAN AREAS
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL RESOURCE BASE
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
NATURAL RESOURCES
OVERGRAZING
OVERPUMPING
OZONE
OZONE DEPLETION
OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
PARTICULATE MATTER
PER CAPITA EMISSION
PER CAPITA INCOME
PETROLEUM REFINERIES
POLLUTION ABATEMENT
POLLUTION CONTROL
POLLUTION DISCHARGE
POLLUTION LEVELS
POLLUTION TAX
POPULATION GROWTH
POWER CONSUMPTION
POWER GENERATION
POWER PLANTS
POWER STATIONS
POWER UTILITIES
POWER UTILITY
PRICE ELASTICITY
PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
PRODUCTION PATTERNS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTIVITY
PROTECTED AREAS
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
PUBLIC POLICY
QUALITY STANDARDS
RECLAMATION
REMOTE SENSING
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
RESOURCE USE
RISK FACTORS
RIVERS
RURAL WATER SUPPLY
SAFE WATER
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
SEWAGE
SOIL DEGRADATION
SOLAR POWER
SOLID WASTE
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
SURCHARGES
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE USE
TAX REFORM
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
THERMAL POLLUTION
THERMAL POWER
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
TRANSPORT
TREATIES
TRUST FUNDS
UNSAFE DRINKING WATER
URBAN AIR POLLUTION
URBAN CENTERS
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
URBAN POLLUTION
URBAN POPULATION
WASHING
WASTE
WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE MINIMIZATION
WATER CONSERVATION
WATER POLLUTION
WATER QUALITY
WATER SUPPLY
WETLANDS
Ringskog, Klas
Chow, Nola
India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation
geographic_facet South Asia
India
relation Operations Evaluation Department (OED) working paper series;
description India's environmental problems are deep-rooted and severe. Estimates of annual environmental damage range from 4.5 percent to 8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), in line with annual economic growth. Since 1990 the World Bank has lent India 1.94 billion dollars for 19 projects to mitigate environmental damage and another 97 million dollars was granted under global environmental facility (GEF) and Montreal protocol trust funds for four projects to protect the global environment. The Bank has also supported a spectrum of economic and sector work (ESW) that address environmental issues based on country assistance strategies. The report identifies eight conclusions for the Bank s future environmental assistance to India: integrate safeguards earlier in the project cycle; provide alternatives to public sector management of water supply and sewerage systems; greatly expand support of sanitation programs; air pollution needs to be targeted as a priority measure; step up efforts to promote rational pricing of natural resources; monitoring and enforcement of environmental standards is lagging and undermines the whole regulatory effort; links between poverty reduction and ecological balance must be more fully documented; and better recognition of global environmental threats will also address local concerns.
format Publications & Research :: Working Paper
author Ringskog, Klas
Chow, Nola
author_facet Ringskog, Klas
Chow, Nola
author_sort Ringskog, Klas
title India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation
title_short India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation
title_full India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation
title_fullStr India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation
title_full_unstemmed India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation
title_sort india : environmental sustainability in the 1990s, a country assistance evaluation
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2014
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/01/20106080/india-environmental-sustainability-1990s-country-assistance-evaluation
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20230
_version_ 1764444534803005440
spelling okr-10986-202302021-04-23T14:03:53Z India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation Ringskog, Klas Chow, Nola ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADVERSE EFFECTS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES AQUIFERS ASSESSMENT PROCESS BANK FAILURE BASINS BIO-DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON TAX CARBON TAXES CDF CFCS CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CLEAN COAL CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES CLEANER PRODUCTION COAL COAL RESOURCES COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT COASTAL ZONES COLLECTION SYSTEMS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSOLIDATION CONSTRUCTION CONTAMINATED WATER COST EFFECTIVENESS DECENTRALIZATION DECISION MAKING DEFORESTATION DEGRADED LAND DEGRADED LANDS DISPOSAL PROBLEMS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFECTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEMS EFFECTIVE USE EFFICIENT USE EFFLUENT TREATMENT EFFLUENTS ELASTICITY OF DEMAND EMISSION EMISSION LEVELS EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY RESEARCH ENERGY RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ENVIRONMENTAL TARGETS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FISH FLAT TOPOGRAPHY FOREST COVER FOREST MANAGEMENT FORESTRY FUEL FUELS GAS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE EFFECT GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GROUNDWATER HAZARDOUS WASTES HEALTH HAZARD HEALTH RISK HIGH LEVELS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL WATERS IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IRRIGATION WATER LAND DEGRADATION LAND TENURE LAWS LEGISLATION LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOGGING MAJOR EMITTER MARGINAL COST METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS METROPOLITAN AREAS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCE BASE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESOURCES OVERGRAZING OVERPUMPING OZONE OZONE DEPLETION OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES PARTICULATE MATTER PER CAPITA EMISSION PER CAPITA INCOME PETROLEUM REFINERIES POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION DISCHARGE POLLUTION LEVELS POLLUTION TAX POPULATION GROWTH POWER CONSUMPTION POWER GENERATION POWER PLANTS POWER STATIONS POWER UTILITIES POWER UTILITY PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRODUCTION PATTERNS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROTECTED AREAS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PUBLIC POLICY QUALITY STANDARDS RECLAMATION REMOTE SENSING RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE USE RISK FACTORS RIVERS RURAL WATER SUPPLY SAFE WATER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SEWAGE SOIL DEGRADATION SOLAR POWER SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SURCHARGES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE USE TAX REFORM TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE THERMAL POLLUTION THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TRANSPORT TREATIES TRUST FUNDS UNSAFE DRINKING WATER URBAN AIR POLLUTION URBAN CENTERS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN POLLUTION URBAN POPULATION WASHING WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE MINIMIZATION WATER CONSERVATION WATER POLLUTION WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WETLANDS India's environmental problems are deep-rooted and severe. Estimates of annual environmental damage range from 4.5 percent to 8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), in line with annual economic growth. Since 1990 the World Bank has lent India 1.94 billion dollars for 19 projects to mitigate environmental damage and another 97 million dollars was granted under global environmental facility (GEF) and Montreal protocol trust funds for four projects to protect the global environment. The Bank has also supported a spectrum of economic and sector work (ESW) that address environmental issues based on country assistance strategies. The report identifies eight conclusions for the Bank s future environmental assistance to India: integrate safeguards earlier in the project cycle; provide alternatives to public sector management of water supply and sewerage systems; greatly expand support of sanitation programs; air pollution needs to be targeted as a priority measure; step up efforts to promote rational pricing of natural resources; monitoring and enforcement of environmental standards is lagging and undermines the whole regulatory effort; links between poverty reduction and ecological balance must be more fully documented; and better recognition of global environmental threats will also address local concerns. 2014-09-17T21:02:51Z 2014-09-17T21:02:51Z 2002 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/01/20106080/india-environmental-sustainability-1990s-country-assistance-evaluation http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20230 English en_US Operations Evaluation Department (OED) working paper series; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India