The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003

The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003

China's environmental degradation has developed over centuries, but record recent rates of economic growth have now widened environmental impacts and accelerated many adverse trends. China's urbanization and industrialization have produce...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Varley, Robert C.G.
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ACID ACID RAIN ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFFORESTATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY ANNUAL EMISSIONS APPROACH ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS AUDITS BALANCE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BOILER PLANTS BREWING CAPACITY UTILIZATION CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CERTIFICATION CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND CHEMICAL PROCESSES CLEANER EMISSIONS CLIMATE CO CO2 COAL COAL BRIQUETTES COAL EXTRACTION COAL POWER PLANTS COAL-FIRED POWER COASTAL AREAS COASTAL RESOURCES COD COLLECTION SYSTEMS COLORS COMBUSTION COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CONSOLIDATION CONSTRUCTION CONTAMINATED WATER CONVERGENCE CROP PRODUCTION CULTIVATED LAND DEBT DECENTRALIZATION DESERTIFICATION DISTRICT HEATING DOMESTIC USE DUST ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ELECTRICITY ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS EMISSION EMISSION FEES EMISSION RATES EMISSIONS EMISSIONS LIMITS EMISSIONS TAXES EMPLOYMENT ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTS EROSION CONTROL ESP EUTROPHICATION FARMING PRACTICES FARMS FINANCIAL LEVERAGE FISH FISHING FLOODS FOREST FOREST AREA FOREST COVER FOREST MANAGEMENT FORESTRY FRESHWATER LAKES GAS GAS DESULFURIZATION GAS PRODUCTION GENERATION GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GROUNDWATER HEAVY METALS HIGH LEVELS HYDROPOWER INCREMENTAL COSTS INDUSTRIAL BOILER INDUSTRIAL BOILERS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INVENTORY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS LAND DEGRADATION LAND RECLAMATION LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LARGE CITIES LAWS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LNG LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOGGING MANDATES METHANE METROPOLITAN AREAS MFMP MONTREAL PROTOCOL MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MUNICIPALITIES NATURAL FOREST MANAGEMENT NATURAL FORESTS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESOURCES NOX ODS OPEN SYSTEMS OVERGRAZING OXYGEN OZONE OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES PARTICLES PARTICULATE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS PARTICULATES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM SECTOR PIPELINE PIPELINE PROJECTS PLANT OPERATIONS PM10 POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION LEVIES POWER SECTOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC PARTICIPATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT QUALITY STANDARDS RAINFALL RATING SYSTEMS RAW MATERIALS REDUCING EMISSIONS RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RETIREMENT RIVER BASINS RIVERS SEWAGE SOIL CONSERVATION STORMS SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS SULPHUR SULPHUR DIOXIDE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TIMBER TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT TREE PLANTATIONS URBAN AIR POLLUTION URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBANIZATION UTILITIES WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT WATER POLLUTION WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WATER TREATMENT WATER USE WILLINGNESS TO PAY WIND
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/04/20106294/world-bank-chinas-environment-1993-2003 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20208

Description
Summary:	China's environmental degradation has developed over centuries, but record recent rates of economic growth have now widened environmental impacts and accelerated many adverse trends. China's urbanization and industrialization have produced rising material standards of living but have ever more costly environmental consequences. The period 1992-2001 coincided with a renewed Bank commitment to the environment, culminating in a new 2001 Bank environmental strategy. For the evaluation period there were four policies against which environmental performance can be judged: mainstreaming the environment; enforcing environmental safeguards; implementing a global agenda; and environmental stewardship. The environment and social sector development sector management unit (SMU) has a small professional staff and manages the few Bank-funded specialized environment projects. The Bank provided intellectual leadership and when economic sector work (ESW) was critical, the stakes were so high that the overall cost-effectiveness of ESW was assured. Rightly the Bank participated enthusiastically and shared knowledge with a pluralistic group of donors allied to Chinese research institutes and non-government organizations (NGOs).

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