The Impact of Roads on Poverty Reduction : A Case Study of Cameroon
Many investments in infrastructure are built on the belief that they will ineluctably lead to poverty reduction and income generation. This has entailed massive aid-financed projects in roads in developing countries. However, the lack of robust eva...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/02/11796767/impact-roads-poverty-reduction-case-study-cameroon http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19924 |
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okr-10986-19924 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCESSIBILITY AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGE AID AGENCIES AID EFFECTIVENESS ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ARABLE LAND AVERAGE LEVEL BUSINESS CYCLE CASH CROPS CASH-CROP CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CROP YIELDS DAILY TRANSPORT DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS DIVERSIFICATION ECOLOGICAL ZONES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ESTIMATED PARAMETER EXPLANATORY VARIABLES FAMINE FARMER FARMERS FARMING ACTIVITIES FEEDER ROADS FIXED EFFECTS FOOD CROPS FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PROCESSING GEOGRAPHIC POVERTY TRAPS HIGHWAY HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME GENERATION INCOME INCREASE INDIVIDUAL FARMERS INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE PRIVATIZATION INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INFRASTRUCTURES INVESTMENT IN ROADS INVESTMENT RATE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES LIVING STANDARDS MALNUTRITION MASSIVE INVESTMENTS MEANS OF TRANSPORT MICRO MODEL MOBILITY NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM NEGATIVE IMPACT NON-POOR GROUP NONFARM INCOME PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POLICE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR AREA POOR GROUPS POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY GAP POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDICATOR POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION IMPACT POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY SITUATION POVERTY STATUS PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT RAILWAY REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS REGIONAL DUMMIES RELATIVE PRICES REMOTE AREAS ROAD ROAD DEVELOPMENT ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD NETWORK ROAD PROJECTS ROAD USERS ROADS RURAL RURAL ACTIVITIES RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL DISTRICTS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL ISSUES RURAL PHENOMENON RURAL POOR RURAL POOR HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL ROAD RURAL ROADS SCHOOLING SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SUBSISTENCE TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SERVICES TRAVEL TIME UNEMPLOYMENT UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN AREAS WALKING WEALTH |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCESSIBILITY AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGE AID AGENCIES AID EFFECTIVENESS ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ARABLE LAND AVERAGE LEVEL BUSINESS CYCLE CASH CROPS CASH-CROP CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CROP YIELDS DAILY TRANSPORT DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS DIVERSIFICATION ECOLOGICAL ZONES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ESTIMATED PARAMETER EXPLANATORY VARIABLES FAMINE FARMER FARMERS FARMING ACTIVITIES FEEDER ROADS FIXED EFFECTS FOOD CROPS FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PROCESSING GEOGRAPHIC POVERTY TRAPS HIGHWAY HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME GENERATION INCOME INCREASE INDIVIDUAL FARMERS INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE PRIVATIZATION INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INFRASTRUCTURES INVESTMENT IN ROADS INVESTMENT RATE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES LIVING STANDARDS MALNUTRITION MASSIVE INVESTMENTS MEANS OF TRANSPORT MICRO MODEL MOBILITY NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM NEGATIVE IMPACT NON-POOR GROUP NONFARM INCOME PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POLICE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR AREA POOR GROUPS POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY GAP POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDICATOR POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION IMPACT POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY SITUATION POVERTY STATUS PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT RAILWAY REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS REGIONAL DUMMIES RELATIVE PRICES REMOTE AREAS ROAD ROAD DEVELOPMENT ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD NETWORK ROAD PROJECTS ROAD USERS ROADS RURAL RURAL ACTIVITIES RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL DISTRICTS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL ISSUES RURAL PHENOMENON RURAL POOR RURAL POOR HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL ROAD RURAL ROADS SCHOOLING SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SUBSISTENCE TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SERVICES TRAVEL TIME UNEMPLOYMENT UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN AREAS WALKING WEALTH Gachassin, Marie Najman, Boris Raballand, Gael The Impact of Roads on Poverty Reduction : A Case Study of Cameroon |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Cameroon |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 5209 |
| description |
Many investments in infrastructure are
built on the belief that they will ineluctably lead to
poverty reduction and income generation. This has entailed
massive aid-financed projects in roads in developing
countries. However, the lack of robust evaluations and a
comprehensive theoretical framework could raise questions
about current strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the
second Cameroonian national household survey (Enquete
Camerounaise Aupres des Menages II, 2001) and the Cameroon
case study, this paper demonstrates that investing uniformly
in tarred roads in Africa is likely to have a much lower
impact on poverty than expected. Isolation from a tarred
road is found to have no direct impact on consumption
expenditures in Cameroon. The only impact is an indirect one
in the access to labor activities. This paper reasserts the
fact that access to roads is only one factor contributing to
poverty reduction (and not necessarily the most important in
many cases). Considering that increase in non-farming
activities is the main driver for poverty reduction in rural
Africa, the results contribute to the idea that emphasis on
road investments should be given to locations where
non-farming activities could be developed, which does mean
that the last mile in rural areas probably should not be a road. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Gachassin, Marie Najman, Boris Raballand, Gael |
| author_facet |
Gachassin, Marie Najman, Boris Raballand, Gael |
| author_sort |
Gachassin, Marie |
| title |
The Impact of Roads on Poverty Reduction : A Case Study of Cameroon |
| title_short |
The Impact of Roads on Poverty Reduction : A Case Study of Cameroon |
| title_full |
The Impact of Roads on Poverty Reduction : A Case Study of Cameroon |
| title_fullStr |
The Impact of Roads on Poverty Reduction : A Case Study of Cameroon |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Impact of Roads on Poverty Reduction : A Case Study of Cameroon |
| title_sort |
impact of roads on poverty reduction : a case study of cameroon |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/02/11796767/impact-roads-poverty-reduction-case-study-cameroon http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19924 |
| _version_ |
1764444066565586944 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-199242021-04-23T14:03:52Z The Impact of Roads on Poverty Reduction : A Case Study of Cameroon Gachassin, Marie Najman, Boris Raballand, Gael ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO MARKETS ACCESSIBILITY AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGE AID AGENCIES AID EFFECTIVENESS ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ARABLE LAND AVERAGE LEVEL BUSINESS CYCLE CASH CROPS CASH-CROP CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION GROWTH CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CROP YIELDS DAILY TRANSPORT DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS DIVERSIFICATION ECOLOGICAL ZONES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ESTIMATED PARAMETER EXPLANATORY VARIABLES FAMINE FARMER FARMERS FARMING ACTIVITIES FEEDER ROADS FIXED EFFECTS FOOD CROPS FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PROCESSING GEOGRAPHIC POVERTY TRAPS HIGHWAY HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IMPACT ON POVERTY IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME GENERATION INCOME INCREASE INDIVIDUAL FARMERS INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE PRIVATIZATION INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INFRASTRUCTURES INVESTMENT IN ROADS INVESTMENT RATE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES LIVING STANDARDS MALNUTRITION MASSIVE INVESTMENTS MEANS OF TRANSPORT MICRO MODEL MOBILITY NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM NEGATIVE IMPACT NON-POOR GROUP NONFARM INCOME PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POLICE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR AREA POOR GROUPS POOR HOUSEHOLD POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY GAP POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDICATOR POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION IMPACT POVERTY SEVERITY POVERTY SITUATION POVERTY STATUS PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT RAILWAY REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS REGIONAL DUMMIES RELATIVE PRICES REMOTE AREAS ROAD ROAD DEVELOPMENT ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD NETWORK ROAD PROJECTS ROAD USERS ROADS RURAL RURAL ACTIVITIES RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL DISTRICTS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL ISSUES RURAL PHENOMENON RURAL POOR RURAL POOR HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL ROAD RURAL ROADS SCHOOLING SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SUBSISTENCE TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SERVICES TRAVEL TIME UNEMPLOYMENT UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN AREAS WALKING WEALTH Many investments in infrastructure are built on the belief that they will ineluctably lead to poverty reduction and income generation. This has entailed massive aid-financed projects in roads in developing countries. However, the lack of robust evaluations and a comprehensive theoretical framework could raise questions about current strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the second Cameroonian national household survey (Enquete Camerounaise Aupres des Menages II, 2001) and the Cameroon case study, this paper demonstrates that investing uniformly in tarred roads in Africa is likely to have a much lower impact on poverty than expected. Isolation from a tarred road is found to have no direct impact on consumption expenditures in Cameroon. The only impact is an indirect one in the access to labor activities. This paper reasserts the fact that access to roads is only one factor contributing to poverty reduction (and not necessarily the most important in many cases). Considering that increase in non-farming activities is the main driver for poverty reduction in rural Africa, the results contribute to the idea that emphasis on road investments should be given to locations where non-farming activities could be developed, which does mean that the last mile in rural areas probably should not be a road. 2014-09-02T18:40:15Z 2014-09-02T18:40:15Z 2010-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/02/11796767/impact-roads-poverty-reduction-case-study-cameroon http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19924 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 5209 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Cameroon |