Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Joint Implementation of Projects
Efficient reduction of carbon dioxide emissions requires coordination of international efforts. Approaches proposed include carbon taxes, emission quotas, and jointly implemented energy projects. To reduce emissions efficiently, requires equalizing...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/437386/reducing-carbon-dioxide-emissions-through-joint-implementation-projects http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19841 |
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okr-10986-19841 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ALTERNATIVE FUEL BASES CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON FUELS CARBON INTENSITY CARBON TAXES CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CERTIFIED PROJECT ACTIVITY CHANGE IN DEMAND CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CO2 CO2 EMISSIONS COAL COAL COAL OIL COAL USE COMMODITIES CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL CONSUMPTION OF OIL COSTS OF EMISSION REDUCTIONS DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ELASTICITY OF DEMAND ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION ELECTRIC LIGHTING ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION EMISSION EMISSION INTENSITY EMISSION PERMITS EMISSION QUOTAS EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS DATA EMISSIONS QUOTAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EMISSIONS ENERGY INTENSIVE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY USE ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY EQUILIBRIUM FACTOR DEMAND FIXED INPUTS FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUEL FUEL COMBUSTION FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL EMISSION FUEL MIX FUEL SUBSTITUTION FUEL SUPPLY FUEL USE FUEL USE EFFICIENCY FUELS GAS GAS USAGE GDP GLOBAL CARBON EMISSIONS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GLOBAL STRATEGIES GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS ASSESSMENT HANDBOOK GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION GREENHOUSE GASES INDUSTRIAL ENERGY INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IPCC JOINT IMPLEMENTATION KYOTO PROTOCOL MARGINAL COSTS NATURAL GAS OIL OIL OIL USE PRICE CHANGES PRICE ELASTICITIES PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRODUCERS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY QUOTAS REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCING EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS RENEWABLE SOURCES SAVINGS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TOTAL EMISSIONS TOTAL ENERGY TOTAL ENERGY USE WELFARE CONSEQUENCES |
| spellingShingle |
ALTERNATIVE FUEL BASES CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON FUELS CARBON INTENSITY CARBON TAXES CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CERTIFIED PROJECT ACTIVITY CHANGE IN DEMAND CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CO2 CO2 EMISSIONS COAL COAL COAL OIL COAL USE COMMODITIES CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL CONSUMPTION OF OIL COSTS OF EMISSION REDUCTIONS DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ELASTICITY OF DEMAND ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION ELECTRIC LIGHTING ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION EMISSION EMISSION INTENSITY EMISSION PERMITS EMISSION QUOTAS EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS DATA EMISSIONS QUOTAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EMISSIONS ENERGY INTENSIVE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY USE ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY EQUILIBRIUM FACTOR DEMAND FIXED INPUTS FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUEL FUEL COMBUSTION FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL EMISSION FUEL MIX FUEL SUBSTITUTION FUEL SUPPLY FUEL USE FUEL USE EFFICIENCY FUELS GAS GAS USAGE GDP GLOBAL CARBON EMISSIONS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GLOBAL STRATEGIES GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS ASSESSMENT HANDBOOK GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION GREENHOUSE GASES INDUSTRIAL ENERGY INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IPCC JOINT IMPLEMENTATION KYOTO PROTOCOL MARGINAL COSTS NATURAL GAS OIL OIL OIL USE PRICE CHANGES PRICE ELASTICITIES PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRODUCERS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY QUOTAS REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCING EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS RENEWABLE SOURCES SAVINGS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TOTAL EMISSIONS TOTAL ENERGY TOTAL ENERGY USE WELFARE CONSEQUENCES Martin, Will Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Joint Implementation of Projects |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2359 |
| description |
Efficient reduction of carbon dioxide
emissions requires coordination of international efforts.
Approaches proposed include carbon taxes, emission quotas,
and jointly implemented energy projects. To reduce emissions
efficiently, requires equalizing the marginal costs of
reduction between countries. The apparently large
differentials between the costs of reducing emissions in
industrial and developing countries, implies a great
potential for lowering the costs of reducing emissions by
focusing on projects in developing countries. Most proposals
for joint implementation of energy projects emphasize
installing more technically efficient capital equipment, to
allow reductions in energy use for any given mix of input,
and output. But such increases in efficiency are likely to
have potentially important second-round impacts: 1) Lowering
the relative effective price of specific energy products. 2)
Lowering the price of energy relative to other inputs. 3)
Lowering the price of energy-intensive products relative to
other products. The author explores the consequences of
these second-round impacts, and suggests ways to deal with
them in practical joint-implementation projects. For
example, the direct impact of reducing the effective price
of a fuel is to increase consumption of that fuel.
Generally, substitution effects also reduce the use of other
fuels, and the emissions generated from them. If the fuel
whose efficiency is being improved, is already the least
emission-intensive, the combined impact of these price
changes is less likely to be favorable, and may even
increase emissions. In the example the author uses, increase
in coal use efficiency was completely ineffective in
reducing emissions, because it resulted in
emission-intensive coal being substituted for less polluting
oil and gas. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Martin, Will |
| author_facet |
Martin, Will |
| author_sort |
Martin, Will |
| title |
Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Joint Implementation of Projects |
| title_short |
Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Joint Implementation of Projects |
| title_full |
Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Joint Implementation of Projects |
| title_fullStr |
Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Joint Implementation of Projects |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Joint Implementation of Projects |
| title_sort |
reducing carbon dioxide emissions through joint implementation of projects |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/437386/reducing-carbon-dioxide-emissions-through-joint-implementation-projects http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19841 |
| _version_ |
1764441649767776256 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-198412021-04-23T14:03:46Z Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Joint Implementation of Projects Martin, Will ALTERNATIVE FUEL BASES CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON EMISSION CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON FUELS CARBON INTENSITY CARBON TAXES CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CERTIFIED PROJECT ACTIVITY CHANGE IN DEMAND CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CO2 CO2 EMISSIONS COAL COAL COAL OIL COAL USE COMMODITIES CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL CONSUMPTION OF OIL COSTS OF EMISSION REDUCTIONS DEMAND FOR ENERGY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ELASTICITY OF DEMAND ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION ELECTRIC LIGHTING ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION EMISSION EMISSION INTENSITY EMISSION PERMITS EMISSION QUOTAS EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS DATA EMISSIONS QUOTAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EMISSIONS ENERGY INTENSIVE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY USE ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY EQUILIBRIUM FACTOR DEMAND FIXED INPUTS FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUEL FUEL COMBUSTION FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL EMISSION FUEL MIX FUEL SUBSTITUTION FUEL SUPPLY FUEL USE FUEL USE EFFICIENCY FUELS GAS GAS USAGE GDP GLOBAL CARBON EMISSIONS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GLOBAL STRATEGIES GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS ASSESSMENT HANDBOOK GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION GREENHOUSE GASES INDUSTRIAL ENERGY INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IPCC JOINT IMPLEMENTATION KYOTO PROTOCOL MARGINAL COSTS NATURAL GAS OIL OIL OIL USE PRICE CHANGES PRICE ELASTICITIES PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRODUCERS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PRODUCTIVITY QUOTAS REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCING EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS RENEWABLE SOURCES SAVINGS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TOTAL EMISSIONS TOTAL ENERGY TOTAL ENERGY USE WELFARE CONSEQUENCES Efficient reduction of carbon dioxide emissions requires coordination of international efforts. Approaches proposed include carbon taxes, emission quotas, and jointly implemented energy projects. To reduce emissions efficiently, requires equalizing the marginal costs of reduction between countries. The apparently large differentials between the costs of reducing emissions in industrial and developing countries, implies a great potential for lowering the costs of reducing emissions by focusing on projects in developing countries. Most proposals for joint implementation of energy projects emphasize installing more technically efficient capital equipment, to allow reductions in energy use for any given mix of input, and output. But such increases in efficiency are likely to have potentially important second-round impacts: 1) Lowering the relative effective price of specific energy products. 2) Lowering the price of energy relative to other inputs. 3) Lowering the price of energy-intensive products relative to other products. The author explores the consequences of these second-round impacts, and suggests ways to deal with them in practical joint-implementation projects. For example, the direct impact of reducing the effective price of a fuel is to increase consumption of that fuel. Generally, substitution effects also reduce the use of other fuels, and the emissions generated from them. If the fuel whose efficiency is being improved, is already the least emission-intensive, the combined impact of these price changes is less likely to be favorable, and may even increase emissions. In the example the author uses, increase in coal use efficiency was completely ineffective in reducing emissions, because it resulted in emission-intensive coal being substituted for less polluting oil and gas. 2014-08-28T18:52:12Z 2014-08-28T18:52:12Z 2000-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/437386/reducing-carbon-dioxide-emissions-through-joint-implementation-projects http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19841 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2359 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |