Productivity Growth and Resource Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab : A Decomposition Analysis
The introduction of green revolution technologies in wheat, and rice production in Asia, in the mid 1960s reversed the food crisis, and stimulated rapid agricultural, and economic growth. But the sustainability of this intensification strategy is b...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/11/717424/productivity-growth-resource-degradation-pakistans-punjab-decomposition-analysis http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19758 |
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okr-10986-197582021-04-23T14:03:44Z Productivity Growth and Resource Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab : A Decomposition Analysis Ali, Mubarik Byerlee, Derek AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AGRICULTURE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY ANIMALS BY-PRODUCTS CEREALS COST FUNCTIONS COTTON COTTON YIELDS CROP CROP ROTATION CROPPING CROPPING INTENSITY CROPS CULTIVATION DECISION MAKING DECOMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOUBLE CROPPING ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMISTS ECOSYSTEM HEALTH ELASTICITIES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION EQUILIBRIUM EXTERNAL INPUTS EXTERNALITIES FARM FARMERS FARMING FERTILIZER FERTILIZER USE FIXED INPUTS FOOD SECURITY GREEN REVOLUTION GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORTS INPUT PRICES INPUT USE IRRIGATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND PRODUCTIVITY LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK OUTPUTS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MAIZE MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST PRICING MEAT NATURAL RESOURCE DEGRADATION OPPORTUNITY COST PESTICIDE POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROFIT MAXIMIZATION RETURNS TO SCALE RICE RICE PRODUCTION RICE VARIETIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT SALINITY SOIL SOIL FERTILITY SOIL ORGANIC MATTER SOIL QUALITY SOILS SUGARCANE TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM TOTAL COSTS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TUBEWELLS VARIABLE INPUTS VEGETABLE RESEARCH WATER PRICES WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCES WATER SCARCITY WATER SUPPLY WHEAT YIELDS The introduction of green revolution technologies in wheat, and rice production in Asia, in the mid 1960s reversed the food crisis, and stimulated rapid agricultural, and economic growth. But the sustainability of this intensification strategy is being questioned, in light of the heavy use of external inputs, and growing evidence of a slowdown in productivity growth, and degradation of the resource base. The authors address the critical issue of long-term productivity, and the sustainability of Pakistan's irrigated agriculture. To estimate changes in total factor productivity in four production systems of Punjab province, they assemble district-level data on 33 crops, 8 livestock products, and 17 input categories. They find that average annual growth in total factor productivity was moderately high (1.26 percent) for both crops, and livestock for the period 1966-94, but observe wide variation in productivity growth by cropping system. A second, disaggregated data set on soil, and water quality reveals significant resource degradation. The authors use the two data sets to decompose the effects of technical change, and resource degradation through application of a cost function. They find that continuous, and widespread resource degradation (as measured by soil and water quality variables) has had a significant negative effect on productivity, especially in the wheat-rice system, where resource degradation has more than offset the productivity effects of technological change. Degradation of the health of the agro-ecosystem was related in part, to modern technologies, mono-cropping, and mismanagement of water resources. The results call for urgent analysis of technology, and options to arrest the degradation of resources. 2014-08-27T17:08:21Z 2014-08-27T17:08:21Z 2000-11 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/11/717424/productivity-growth-resource-degradation-pakistans-punjab-decomposition-analysis http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19758 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2480 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia Pakistan |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AGRICULTURE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY ANIMALS BY-PRODUCTS CEREALS COST FUNCTIONS COTTON COTTON YIELDS CROP CROP ROTATION CROPPING CROPPING INTENSITY CROPS CULTIVATION DECISION MAKING DECOMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOUBLE CROPPING ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMISTS ECOSYSTEM HEALTH ELASTICITIES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION EQUILIBRIUM EXTERNAL INPUTS EXTERNALITIES FARM FARMERS FARMING FERTILIZER FERTILIZER USE FIXED INPUTS FOOD SECURITY GREEN REVOLUTION GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORTS INPUT PRICES INPUT USE IRRIGATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND PRODUCTIVITY LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK OUTPUTS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MAIZE MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST PRICING MEAT NATURAL RESOURCE DEGRADATION OPPORTUNITY COST PESTICIDE POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROFIT MAXIMIZATION RETURNS TO SCALE RICE RICE PRODUCTION RICE VARIETIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT SALINITY SOIL SOIL FERTILITY SOIL ORGANIC MATTER SOIL QUALITY SOILS SUGARCANE TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM TOTAL COSTS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TUBEWELLS VARIABLE INPUTS VEGETABLE RESEARCH WATER PRICES WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCES WATER SCARCITY WATER SUPPLY WHEAT YIELDS |
| spellingShingle |
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AGRICULTURE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY ANIMALS BY-PRODUCTS CEREALS COST FUNCTIONS COTTON COTTON YIELDS CROP CROP ROTATION CROPPING CROPPING INTENSITY CROPS CULTIVATION DECISION MAKING DECOMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DOUBLE CROPPING ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMISTS ECOSYSTEM HEALTH ELASTICITIES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION EQUILIBRIUM EXTERNAL INPUTS EXTERNALITIES FARM FARMERS FARMING FERTILIZER FERTILIZER USE FIXED INPUTS FOOD SECURITY GREEN REVOLUTION GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATE HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORTS INPUT PRICES INPUT USE IRRIGATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND PRODUCTIVITY LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK OUTPUTS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MAIZE MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST PRICING MEAT NATURAL RESOURCE DEGRADATION OPPORTUNITY COST PESTICIDE POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROFIT MAXIMIZATION RETURNS TO SCALE RICE RICE PRODUCTION RICE VARIETIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT SALINITY SOIL SOIL FERTILITY SOIL ORGANIC MATTER SOIL QUALITY SOILS SUGARCANE TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM TOTAL COSTS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TUBEWELLS VARIABLE INPUTS VEGETABLE RESEARCH WATER PRICES WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCES WATER SCARCITY WATER SUPPLY WHEAT YIELDS Ali, Mubarik Byerlee, Derek Productivity Growth and Resource Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab : A Decomposition Analysis |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia Pakistan |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2480 |
| description |
The introduction of green revolution
technologies in wheat, and rice production in Asia, in the
mid 1960s reversed the food crisis, and stimulated rapid
agricultural, and economic growth. But the sustainability of
this intensification strategy is being questioned, in light
of the heavy use of external inputs, and growing evidence of
a slowdown in productivity growth, and degradation of the
resource base. The authors address the critical issue of
long-term productivity, and the sustainability of
Pakistan's irrigated agriculture. To estimate changes
in total factor productivity in four production systems of
Punjab province, they assemble district-level data on 33
crops, 8 livestock products, and 17 input categories. They
find that average annual growth in total factor productivity
was moderately high (1.26 percent) for both crops, and
livestock for the period 1966-94, but observe wide variation
in productivity growth by cropping system. A second,
disaggregated data set on soil, and water quality reveals
significant resource degradation. The authors use the two
data sets to decompose the effects of technical change, and
resource degradation through application of a cost function.
They find that continuous, and widespread resource
degradation (as measured by soil and water quality
variables) has had a significant negative effect on
productivity, especially in the wheat-rice system, where
resource degradation has more than offset the productivity
effects of technological change. Degradation of the health
of the agro-ecosystem was related in part, to modern
technologies, mono-cropping, and mismanagement of water
resources. The results call for urgent analysis of
technology, and options to arrest the degradation of resources. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Ali, Mubarik Byerlee, Derek |
| author_facet |
Ali, Mubarik Byerlee, Derek |
| author_sort |
Ali, Mubarik |
| title |
Productivity Growth and Resource Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab : A Decomposition Analysis |
| title_short |
Productivity Growth and Resource Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab : A Decomposition Analysis |
| title_full |
Productivity Growth and Resource Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab : A Decomposition Analysis |
| title_fullStr |
Productivity Growth and Resource Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab : A Decomposition Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Productivity Growth and Resource Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab : A Decomposition Analysis |
| title_sort |
productivity growth and resource degradation in pakistan's punjab : a decomposition analysis |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/11/717424/productivity-growth-resource-degradation-pakistans-punjab-decomposition-analysis http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19758 |
| _version_ |
1764440562858983424 |