Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps

Women make essential contributions to agriculture in developing countries, where they constitute approximately 43 percent of the agricultural labor force. However, female farmers typically have lower output per unit of land and are much less likely to be active in commercial farming than their male...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Croppenstedt, Andre, Goldstein, Markus, Rosas, Nina
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	en_US
Published:	Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank 2014
Subjects:	agricultural extension agricultural extension centers agricultural information agricultural production agriculture crops diet equipment extension extension services farmers farms fertilizers gender incomes land development land reform livestock new technologies scientists
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19493

id	okr-10986-19493
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-194932021-04-23T14:03:52Z Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps Croppenstedt, Andre Goldstein, Markus Rosas, Nina agricultural extension agricultural extension centers agricultural information agricultural production agriculture crops diet equipment extension extension services farmers farms fertilizers gender incomes land development land reform livestock new technologies scientists Women make essential contributions to agriculture in developing countries, where they constitute approximately 43 percent of the agricultural labor force. However, female farmers typically have lower output per unit of land and are much less likely to be active in commercial farming than their male counterparts. These gender differences in land productivity and participation between male and female farmers are due to gender differences in access to inputs, resources, and services. In this paper, we review the evidence on productivity differences and access to resources. We discuss some of the reasons for these differences, such as differences in property rights, education, control over resources (e.g., land), access to inputs and services (e.g., fertilizer, extension, and credit), and social norms. Although women are less active in commercial farming and are largely excluded from contract farming, they often provide the bulk of wage labor in the nontraditional export sector. In general, gender gaps do not appear to fall systematically with growth, and they appear to rise with GDP per capita and with greater access to resources and inputs. Active policies that support women's access and participation, not just greater overall access, are essential if these gaps are to be closed. The gains in terms of greater productivity of land and overall production are likely to be large. 2014-08-20T16:48:57Z 2014-08-20T16:48:57Z 2013-02 Journal Article World Bank Research Observer 1564-6971 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19493 en_US CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/ World Bank Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank Publications & Research :: Journal Article
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	en_US
topic	agricultural extension agricultural extension centers agricultural information agricultural production agriculture crops diet equipment extension extension services farmers farms fertilizers gender incomes land development land reform livestock new technologies scientists
spellingShingle	agricultural extension agricultural extension centers agricultural information agricultural production agriculture crops diet equipment extension extension services farmers farms fertilizers gender incomes land development land reform livestock new technologies scientists Croppenstedt, Andre Goldstein, Markus Rosas, Nina Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps
description	Women make essential contributions to agriculture in developing countries, where they constitute approximately 43 percent of the agricultural labor force. However, female farmers typically have lower output per unit of land and are much less likely to be active in commercial farming than their male counterparts. These gender differences in land productivity and participation between male and female farmers are due to gender differences in access to inputs, resources, and services. In this paper, we review the evidence on productivity differences and access to resources. We discuss some of the reasons for these differences, such as differences in property rights, education, control over resources (e.g., land), access to inputs and services (e.g., fertilizer, extension, and credit), and social norms. Although women are less active in commercial farming and are largely excluded from contract farming, they often provide the bulk of wage labor in the nontraditional export sector. In general, gender gaps do not appear to fall systematically with growth, and they appear to rise with GDP per capita and with greater access to resources and inputs. Active policies that support women's access and participation, not just greater overall access, are essential if these gaps are to be closed. The gains in terms of greater productivity of land and overall production are likely to be large.
format	Journal Article
author	Croppenstedt, Andre Goldstein, Markus Rosas, Nina
author_facet	Croppenstedt, Andre Goldstein, Markus Rosas, Nina
author_sort	Croppenstedt, Andre
title	Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps
title_short	Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps
title_full	Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps
title_fullStr	Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps
title_full_unstemmed	Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps
title_sort	gender and agriculture : inefficiencies, segregation, and low productivity traps
publisher	Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
publishDate	2014
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19493
_version_	1764443893406892032

Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps

Similar Items