Trade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexes
Over the past few decades, the World trading system has become increasingly more open. Tariff rates have been reduced and quantitative restrictions (quotas) have been progressively eliminated, e.g. the Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA). Most countries ha...
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| Format: | Policy Note |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9748938/trade-transport-facilitation-south-asia-systems-transition-vol-2-2-annexes http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19481 |
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okr-10986-19481 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCESS CONTROL AIR AIR CARGO AIR FREIGHT AIR TRANSPORT AIRLINES AIRPORT ALTERNATIVE MODES ARTERIAL ROADS ASSEMBLY AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILES AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR BERTH BERTHING BERTHS BICYCLES BORDER CROSSING BOTTLENECKS BREAK BULK BREAK BULK CARGO BULK CARGO BULK CARGOES BULK CARRIERS BULK FREIGHT BULK HANDLING BULK TERMINALS BULK TRAFFIC CABOTAGE CAR CARGO BERTHS CARGO HANDLING CARGO HANDLING SPEEDS CARGOES CARRIAGE CARRIERS CARS CFS CHANNELS CHARTER RATES COASTAL SHIPPING COMMERCIAL FREIGHT COMMODITY CONCESSIONAIRE CONGESTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION CONTAINER CARGO CONTAINER CORPORATION CONTAINER DEPOTS CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION CONTAINER HANDLING CONTAINER HANDLING EQUIPMENT CONTAINER RATES CONTAINER SERVICES CONTAINER SHIPPING CONTAINER SHIPS CONTAINER TERMINALS CONTAINER TRAFFIC CONTAINER VESSELS CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERS CORRIDOR CRUDE OIL CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE CUSTOMS PROCEDURES DEADWEIGHT DEEP WATER BERTHS DELIVERY SCHEDULES DIESEL DIRECT DELIVERY DRIVERS DRY BULK DRY BULK CARRIERS DRY CARGO DUTY DWT EDGE EXPORT EXPRESSWAYS EXTERNAL TRANSPORT FLEETS FOREIGN SHIPS FOREIGN VESSELS FREIGHT FREIGHT FORWARDING FREIGHT MARKET FREIGHT RATES FREIGHT TRAFFIC FREIGHT VEHICLES FUEL FUEL TAXES GENERAL CARGO BERTHS HANDLING EQUIPMENT HAULAGE HAULING HEAVY VEHICLES HIGHWAY HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION HIGHWAY AUTHORITY HIGHWAY CAPACITY HIGHWAY DESIGN HIGHWAY INVESTMENT HIGHWAY NETWORK HIGHWAY NETWORKS HIGHWAY PROGRAMS HIGHWAY PROJECTS HIGHWAY SYSTEM HIGHWAYS HUB INLAND CONTAINER DEPOT INLAND TRANSPORT INLAND WATER TRANSPORT INLAND WATERWAY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TERMINAL INTERNATIONAL PORT INTERNATIONAL PORTS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT IN ROADS IRON ORE HANDLING JETTIES JOURNEY LAND ACQUISITION LANDLORD PORT LANES LARGE SHIPS LINER SERVICES LINER SHIPPING LOGISTICS COSTS MANUFACTURING MIDDLE EAST MOTOR VEHICLES NATIONAL HIGHWAYS NATIONAL LOGISTICS NAVIGATION NEW TANKERS NEW TERMINAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERS PASSENGER PASSENGER CARS PEAK PERIODS PEDESTRIANS POLICE PORT AUTHORITY PORT CHARGES PORT CONGESTION PORT DUES PORT MANAGEMENT PORT PERFORMANCE PORT PRODUCTIVITY PORT SECTOR PORT SERVICES PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION RAIL RAIL CAPACITY RAIL FREIGHT RAIL LINES RAIL TRANSPORT RAILWAY RAILWAYS RANGE REFERENCE RESERVE RESETTLEMENT RESTORATION RING ROADS ROAD ROAD CORRIDORS ROAD FREIGHT RATES ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROAD SECTOR ROAD TOLLS ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD USER ROAD USERS ROADS ROUGH ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SAFETY SAFETY STANDARDS SEA TRAFFIC SEA TRANSPORT SHIP-OWNERS SHIPMENTS SHIPOWNERS SHIPOWNERS ASSOCIATION SHIPPERS SHIPPING SHIPPING COMPANIES SHIPPING COMPANY SHIPPING COSTS SHIPPING INDUSTRY SHIPPING LINE SHIPPING LINES SHIPPING RATES SHIPS SMALLER VESSELS SOUTH ASIAN SPEEDS STATE HIGHWAYS STEVEDORES STEVEDORING SUPPLY CHAINS TANKER TANKERS TAX TAXES ON DIESEL TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT TERMINAL OPERATORS TEU TOLL TOLL ROADS TONNAGE TRADE ROUTES TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CAPACITY TRAFFIC FLOWS TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRANSIT TRANSIT TIMES TRANSIT TRADE TRANSPORT TRANSPORT CAPACITY TRANSPORT COST SAVINGS TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT FACILITATION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TRANSSHIPMENT TRIP TRIPS TRUCK TRANSPORT TRUCKS TRUNK LINE TYPES OF CARGO URBAN ROADS URBAN TRAFFIC VEHICLE VEHICLE INSURANCE VESSELS WAREHOUSING WORLD SHIPPING |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS CONTROL AIR AIR CARGO AIR FREIGHT AIR TRANSPORT AIRLINES AIRPORT ALTERNATIVE MODES ARTERIAL ROADS ASSEMBLY AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILES AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR BERTH BERTHING BERTHS BICYCLES BORDER CROSSING BOTTLENECKS BREAK BULK BREAK BULK CARGO BULK CARGO BULK CARGOES BULK CARRIERS BULK FREIGHT BULK HANDLING BULK TERMINALS BULK TRAFFIC CABOTAGE CAR CARGO BERTHS CARGO HANDLING CARGO HANDLING SPEEDS CARGOES CARRIAGE CARRIERS CARS CFS CHANNELS CHARTER RATES COASTAL SHIPPING COMMERCIAL FREIGHT COMMODITY CONCESSIONAIRE CONGESTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION CONTAINER CARGO CONTAINER CORPORATION CONTAINER DEPOTS CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION CONTAINER HANDLING CONTAINER HANDLING EQUIPMENT CONTAINER RATES CONTAINER SERVICES CONTAINER SHIPPING CONTAINER SHIPS CONTAINER TERMINALS CONTAINER TRAFFIC CONTAINER VESSELS CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERS CORRIDOR CRUDE OIL CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE CUSTOMS PROCEDURES DEADWEIGHT DEEP WATER BERTHS DELIVERY SCHEDULES DIESEL DIRECT DELIVERY DRIVERS DRY BULK DRY BULK CARRIERS DRY CARGO DUTY DWT EDGE EXPORT EXPRESSWAYS EXTERNAL TRANSPORT FLEETS FOREIGN SHIPS FOREIGN VESSELS FREIGHT FREIGHT FORWARDING FREIGHT MARKET FREIGHT RATES FREIGHT TRAFFIC FREIGHT VEHICLES FUEL FUEL TAXES GENERAL CARGO BERTHS HANDLING EQUIPMENT HAULAGE HAULING HEAVY VEHICLES HIGHWAY HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION HIGHWAY AUTHORITY HIGHWAY CAPACITY HIGHWAY DESIGN HIGHWAY INVESTMENT HIGHWAY NETWORK HIGHWAY NETWORKS HIGHWAY PROGRAMS HIGHWAY PROJECTS HIGHWAY SYSTEM HIGHWAYS HUB INLAND CONTAINER DEPOT INLAND TRANSPORT INLAND WATER TRANSPORT INLAND WATERWAY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TERMINAL INTERNATIONAL PORT INTERNATIONAL PORTS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT IN ROADS IRON ORE HANDLING JETTIES JOURNEY LAND ACQUISITION LANDLORD PORT LANES LARGE SHIPS LINER SERVICES LINER SHIPPING LOGISTICS COSTS MANUFACTURING MIDDLE EAST MOTOR VEHICLES NATIONAL HIGHWAYS NATIONAL LOGISTICS NAVIGATION NEW TANKERS NEW TERMINAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERS PASSENGER PASSENGER CARS PEAK PERIODS PEDESTRIANS POLICE PORT AUTHORITY PORT CHARGES PORT CONGESTION PORT DUES PORT MANAGEMENT PORT PERFORMANCE PORT PRODUCTIVITY PORT SECTOR PORT SERVICES PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION RAIL RAIL CAPACITY RAIL FREIGHT RAIL LINES RAIL TRANSPORT RAILWAY RAILWAYS RANGE REFERENCE RESERVE RESETTLEMENT RESTORATION RING ROADS ROAD ROAD CORRIDORS ROAD FREIGHT RATES ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROAD SECTOR ROAD TOLLS ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD USER ROAD USERS ROADS ROUGH ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SAFETY SAFETY STANDARDS SEA TRAFFIC SEA TRANSPORT SHIP-OWNERS SHIPMENTS SHIPOWNERS SHIPOWNERS ASSOCIATION SHIPPERS SHIPPING SHIPPING COMPANIES SHIPPING COMPANY SHIPPING COSTS SHIPPING INDUSTRY SHIPPING LINE SHIPPING LINES SHIPPING RATES SHIPS SMALLER VESSELS SOUTH ASIAN SPEEDS STATE HIGHWAYS STEVEDORES STEVEDORING SUPPLY CHAINS TANKER TANKERS TAX TAXES ON DIESEL TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT TERMINAL OPERATORS TEU TOLL TOLL ROADS TONNAGE TRADE ROUTES TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CAPACITY TRAFFIC FLOWS TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRANSIT TRANSIT TIMES TRANSIT TRADE TRANSPORT TRANSPORT CAPACITY TRANSPORT COST SAVINGS TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT FACILITATION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TRANSSHIPMENT TRIP TRIPS TRUCK TRANSPORT TRUCKS TRUNK LINE TYPES OF CARGO URBAN ROADS URBAN TRAFFIC VEHICLE VEHICLE INSURANCE VESSELS WAREHOUSING WORLD SHIPPING World Bank Trade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexes |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia South Asia |
| description |
Over the past few decades, the World
trading system has become increasingly more open. Tariff
rates have been reduced and quantitative restrictions
(quotas) have been progressively eliminated, e.g. the
Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA). Most countries have adopted
more outward-looking economic policies, seeking to increase
growth and employment through expanding exports. Such
outward looking policies have even been adopted by countries
which previously pursued policies based on import
substitution as in South Asia. Protective trade restrictions
still persist, but tend to be in terms of more subtle
non-tariff barriers (such as sanitary or phyto-sanitary
standards), though anti-dumping measures and temporary
quantity restrictions are still used by many countries to
shield domestic producers. Trade regulations no longer
solely attempt to protect domestic producers; their scope
has extended to cover the need for enhanced security and the
desire for greater consumer protection through the
traceability of the production chain for many agricultural
products. Intense competition compels firms to reduce costs
throughout their manufacturing and distribution processes.
Outsourcing to lower cost firms and countries has been one
major source of cost reduction, reduced inventory costs
through just-in-time manufacturing, and distribution systems
has been another. Both are predicated on efficient, reliable
and low-cost supply chains. With the worldwide fall in
tariff levels, the efficiency of supply chains and the
associated logistics costs are becoming core determinants of
the competitiveness of both firms and countries. They may
also influence the destination of inward direct investment;
many countries can offer low labor costs and tax incentives,
fewer can offer quick, efficient, reliable, and low cost logistics. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Policy Note |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Trade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexes |
| title_short |
Trade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexes |
| title_full |
Trade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexes |
| title_fullStr |
Trade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Trade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexes |
| title_sort |
trade and transport facilitation in south asia : systems in transition, volume 2. annexes |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9748938/trade-transport-facilitation-south-asia-systems-transition-vol-2-2-annexes http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19481 |
| _version_ |
1764441113672810496 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-194812021-04-23T14:03:45Z Trade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexes World Bank ACCESS CONTROL AIR AIR CARGO AIR FREIGHT AIR TRANSPORT AIRLINES AIRPORT ALTERNATIVE MODES ARTERIAL ROADS ASSEMBLY AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILES AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR BERTH BERTHING BERTHS BICYCLES BORDER CROSSING BOTTLENECKS BREAK BULK BREAK BULK CARGO BULK CARGO BULK CARGOES BULK CARRIERS BULK FREIGHT BULK HANDLING BULK TERMINALS BULK TRAFFIC CABOTAGE CAR CARGO BERTHS CARGO HANDLING CARGO HANDLING SPEEDS CARGOES CARRIAGE CARRIERS CARS CFS CHANNELS CHARTER RATES COASTAL SHIPPING COMMERCIAL FREIGHT COMMODITY CONCESSIONAIRE CONGESTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION CONTAINER CARGO CONTAINER CORPORATION CONTAINER DEPOTS CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION CONTAINER HANDLING CONTAINER HANDLING EQUIPMENT CONTAINER RATES CONTAINER SERVICES CONTAINER SHIPPING CONTAINER SHIPS CONTAINER TERMINALS CONTAINER TRAFFIC CONTAINER VESSELS CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERS CORRIDOR CRUDE OIL CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE CUSTOMS PROCEDURES DEADWEIGHT DEEP WATER BERTHS DELIVERY SCHEDULES DIESEL DIRECT DELIVERY DRIVERS DRY BULK DRY BULK CARRIERS DRY CARGO DUTY DWT EDGE EXPORT EXPRESSWAYS EXTERNAL TRANSPORT FLEETS FOREIGN SHIPS FOREIGN VESSELS FREIGHT FREIGHT FORWARDING FREIGHT MARKET FREIGHT RATES FREIGHT TRAFFIC FREIGHT VEHICLES FUEL FUEL TAXES GENERAL CARGO BERTHS HANDLING EQUIPMENT HAULAGE HAULING HEAVY VEHICLES HIGHWAY HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION HIGHWAY AUTHORITY HIGHWAY CAPACITY HIGHWAY DESIGN HIGHWAY INVESTMENT HIGHWAY NETWORK HIGHWAY NETWORKS HIGHWAY PROGRAMS HIGHWAY PROJECTS HIGHWAY SYSTEM HIGHWAYS HUB INLAND CONTAINER DEPOT INLAND TRANSPORT INLAND WATER TRANSPORT INLAND WATERWAY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TERMINAL INTERNATIONAL PORT INTERNATIONAL PORTS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT IN ROADS IRON ORE HANDLING JETTIES JOURNEY LAND ACQUISITION LANDLORD PORT LANES LARGE SHIPS LINER SERVICES LINER SHIPPING LOGISTICS COSTS MANUFACTURING MIDDLE EAST MOTOR VEHICLES NATIONAL HIGHWAYS NATIONAL LOGISTICS NAVIGATION NEW TANKERS NEW TERMINAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERS PASSENGER PASSENGER CARS PEAK PERIODS PEDESTRIANS POLICE PORT AUTHORITY PORT CHARGES PORT CONGESTION PORT DUES PORT MANAGEMENT PORT PERFORMANCE PORT PRODUCTIVITY PORT SECTOR PORT SERVICES PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION RAIL RAIL CAPACITY RAIL FREIGHT RAIL LINES RAIL TRANSPORT RAILWAY RAILWAYS RANGE REFERENCE RESERVE RESETTLEMENT RESTORATION RING ROADS ROAD ROAD CORRIDORS ROAD FREIGHT RATES ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD INVESTMENT ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROAD SECTOR ROAD TOLLS ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD USER ROAD USERS ROADS ROUGH ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SAFETY SAFETY STANDARDS SEA TRAFFIC SEA TRANSPORT SHIP-OWNERS SHIPMENTS SHIPOWNERS SHIPOWNERS ASSOCIATION SHIPPERS SHIPPING SHIPPING COMPANIES SHIPPING COMPANY SHIPPING COSTS SHIPPING INDUSTRY SHIPPING LINE SHIPPING LINES SHIPPING RATES SHIPS SMALLER VESSELS SOUTH ASIAN SPEEDS STATE HIGHWAYS STEVEDORES STEVEDORING SUPPLY CHAINS TANKER TANKERS TAX TAXES ON DIESEL TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT TERMINAL OPERATORS TEU TOLL TOLL ROADS TONNAGE TRADE ROUTES TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CAPACITY TRAFFIC FLOWS TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRANSIT TRANSIT TIMES TRANSIT TRADE TRANSPORT TRANSPORT CAPACITY TRANSPORT COST SAVINGS TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT FACILITATION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TRANSSHIPMENT TRIP TRIPS TRUCK TRANSPORT TRUCKS TRUNK LINE TYPES OF CARGO URBAN ROADS URBAN TRAFFIC VEHICLE VEHICLE INSURANCE VESSELS WAREHOUSING WORLD SHIPPING Over the past few decades, the World trading system has become increasingly more open. Tariff rates have been reduced and quantitative restrictions (quotas) have been progressively eliminated, e.g. the Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA). Most countries have adopted more outward-looking economic policies, seeking to increase growth and employment through expanding exports. Such outward looking policies have even been adopted by countries which previously pursued policies based on import substitution as in South Asia. Protective trade restrictions still persist, but tend to be in terms of more subtle non-tariff barriers (such as sanitary or phyto-sanitary standards), though anti-dumping measures and temporary quantity restrictions are still used by many countries to shield domestic producers. Trade regulations no longer solely attempt to protect domestic producers; their scope has extended to cover the need for enhanced security and the desire for greater consumer protection through the traceability of the production chain for many agricultural products. Intense competition compels firms to reduce costs throughout their manufacturing and distribution processes. Outsourcing to lower cost firms and countries has been one major source of cost reduction, reduced inventory costs through just-in-time manufacturing, and distribution systems has been another. Both are predicated on efficient, reliable and low-cost supply chains. With the worldwide fall in tariff levels, the efficiency of supply chains and the associated logistics costs are becoming core determinants of the competitiveness of both firms and countries. They may also influence the destination of inward direct investment; many countries can offer low labor costs and tax incentives, fewer can offer quick, efficient, reliable, and low cost logistics. 2014-08-19T21:35:32Z 2014-08-19T21:35:32Z 2008-06-23 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9748938/trade-transport-facilitation-south-asia-systems-transition-vol-2-2-annexes http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19481 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Policy Note Economic & Sector Work South Asia South Asia |