Tertiary Education in Mongolia : Meeting the Challenges of the Global Economy
Since the transition from a planned economy to a market-based democracy in the early 1990s, Mongolian higher education has experienced a marked expansion. Between 1992 and 2007, the number of tertiary education institution (TEIs) has increased more...
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| Format: | Policy Note |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/09/15542843/tertiary-education-mongolia-meeting-challenges-global-economy-policy-note http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19470 |
| Summary: | Since the transition from a planned
economy to a market-based democracy in the early 1990s,
Mongolian higher education has experienced a marked
expansion. Between 1992 and 2007, the number of tertiary
education institution (TEIs) has increased more than
four-fold and enrollment more than six-fold, with the gross
enrollment ratio growing from 14 to 47 percent. This rapid
growth has been fueled by the increased demand for higher
skills in the labor market and has led to rising education
premia. These trends, in turn, have stimulated increased
household demand for tertiary education. In the early 1990s,
the liberalization of the economy and the legalization of
private higher education made it possible to increase the
supply of tertiary education. However, this expansion in
supply has been met with the charging of tuition fees in
public universities and the growth of private institutions.
As a result, public expenditure on higher education has been
contained to about 14 percent of total expenditure, compared
with over 20 percent in China. Although this policy has met
the need for an increased supply of tertiary education, it
has failed to produce graduates who can improve
Mongolia's international competitiveness. The emerging
problems are low-cost and low-quality education, a mismatch
between the demand for and supply of skills, and inequitable
opportunities of access between the urban and rural areas
and between the rich and the poor. |
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