Does Liberté = Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Links between Democracy and Inequality with Some Evidence on the Transition Economies
The effect of the distribution of political rights on income inequality has been studied both theoretically and empirically. The authors review the existing literature and, in particular, the available empirical evidence. The literature suggests th...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/08/1997763/liberte-egalite-survey-empirical-links-between-democracy-inequality-some-evidence-transition-economies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19266 |
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okr-10986-192662021-04-23T14:03:42Z Does Liberté = Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Links between Democracy and Inequality with Some Evidence on the Transition Economies Gradstein. Mark Milanovic, Branko TRANSITION ECONOMIES DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC VALUES INEQUITY POLITICAL RIGHTS INCOME INEQUALITIES POLITICAL FREEDOM VOTING POWER REDISTRIBUTION CIVIL LIBERTIES IDEOLOGY SOCIAL VALUES ADVANCED COUNTRIES AVERAGE INCOME CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS CITIZENS CIVIL LIBERTIES CIVIL SOCIETY COMMUNISM DATA AVAILABILITY DATA BANKS DATA COLLECTION DATA SET DATA SETS DECISION MAKING DECREASING FUNCTION DEMOCRACIES DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS DEMOCRATIC REGIMES DEMOCRATIZATION DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMY LITERATURE EGALITARIAN DISTRIBUTION ELECTIONS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPIRICAL SUPPORT EQUAL DISTRIBUTION FACTOR INCOME FREE PRESS FREEDOM GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX HIGH CONCENTRATION HIGH CORRELATION HIGH INEQUALITY IMPERFECT CAPITAL MARKETS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARES INCOMES INCREASED INEQUALITY INDEPENDENT INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY EQUATION INEQUALITY MEASURES INTEREST GROUPS INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS INVERSE RELATIONSHIP LABOR INCOME LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEFT-WING LITERACY RATES LOBBYING LOW INCOME MASS MEDIA MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS MEASURING INCOME INEQUALITY MEDIAN VOTER NEGATIVE EFFECT NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP NET INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL ECONOMY CHANNEL POLITICAL FACTORS POLITICAL FREEDOM POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL LIBERALIZATION POLITICAL LIBERTIES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL PROCESSES POLITICAL REFORMS POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL SCIENTISTS POLITICAL STRUCTURE POLITICAL STRUCTURES POLITICAL VARIABLES POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY POSITIVE CORRELATION POSITIVE EFFECT POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP PRE-TAX INCOME PRIVATE PROPERTY PROGRAMS PURCHASING POWER REAL LEVEL REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY REDUCING INEQUALITY REDUCING POVERTY RELATIVE INCOME RIGHT TO VOTE SELECTION BIAS SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP SOCIAL EQUALITY SOCIAL TRANSFERS SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SUFFRAGE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TOLERANCE TRADE UNIONS TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNIONS VOTING VOTING RIGHTS WAGES The effect of the distribution of political rights on income inequality has been studied both theoretically and empirically. The authors review the existing literature and, in particular, the available empirical evidence. The literature suggests that formal exclusion from the political process through restrictions on the voting franchise appears to have caused a high degree of economic inequality. And democratization in the form of franchise expansion has typically led to an expansion in redistribution, at least in the small sample of episodes studied. In a less pronounced way, albeit more emphatically compared with the ambiguous results of earlier research, recent evidence indicates an inverse relationship between other measures of democracy, based on civil liberties and political rights, and inequality. The transition experience of Eastern European countries, however, seems to some extent go against these conclusions. This opens possible new vistas for research, namely the need to incorporate the length of democratic experience and the role played by ideology and social values 2014-08-07T19:55:03Z 2014-08-07T19:55:03Z 2002-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/08/1997763/liberte-egalite-survey-empirical-links-between-democracy-inequality-some-evidence-transition-economies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19266 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2875 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
TRANSITION ECONOMIES DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC VALUES INEQUITY POLITICAL RIGHTS INCOME INEQUALITIES POLITICAL FREEDOM VOTING POWER REDISTRIBUTION CIVIL LIBERTIES IDEOLOGY SOCIAL VALUES ADVANCED COUNTRIES AVERAGE INCOME CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS CITIZENS CIVIL LIBERTIES CIVIL SOCIETY COMMUNISM DATA AVAILABILITY DATA BANKS DATA COLLECTION DATA SET DATA SETS DECISION MAKING DECREASING FUNCTION DEMOCRACIES DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS DEMOCRATIC REGIMES DEMOCRATIZATION DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMY LITERATURE EGALITARIAN DISTRIBUTION ELECTIONS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPIRICAL SUPPORT EQUAL DISTRIBUTION FACTOR INCOME FREE PRESS FREEDOM GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX HIGH CONCENTRATION HIGH CORRELATION HIGH INEQUALITY IMPERFECT CAPITAL MARKETS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARES INCOMES INCREASED INEQUALITY INDEPENDENT INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY EQUATION INEQUALITY MEASURES INTEREST GROUPS INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS INVERSE RELATIONSHIP LABOR INCOME LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEFT-WING LITERACY RATES LOBBYING LOW INCOME MASS MEDIA MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS MEASURING INCOME INEQUALITY MEDIAN VOTER NEGATIVE EFFECT NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP NET INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL ECONOMY CHANNEL POLITICAL FACTORS POLITICAL FREEDOM POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL LIBERALIZATION POLITICAL LIBERTIES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL PROCESSES POLITICAL REFORMS POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL SCIENTISTS POLITICAL STRUCTURE POLITICAL STRUCTURES POLITICAL VARIABLES POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY POSITIVE CORRELATION POSITIVE EFFECT POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP PRE-TAX INCOME PRIVATE PROPERTY PROGRAMS PURCHASING POWER REAL LEVEL REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY REDUCING INEQUALITY REDUCING POVERTY RELATIVE INCOME RIGHT TO VOTE SELECTION BIAS SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP SOCIAL EQUALITY SOCIAL TRANSFERS SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SUFFRAGE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TOLERANCE TRADE UNIONS TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNIONS VOTING VOTING RIGHTS WAGES |
| spellingShingle |
TRANSITION ECONOMIES DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC VALUES INEQUITY POLITICAL RIGHTS INCOME INEQUALITIES POLITICAL FREEDOM VOTING POWER REDISTRIBUTION CIVIL LIBERTIES IDEOLOGY SOCIAL VALUES ADVANCED COUNTRIES AVERAGE INCOME CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS CITIZENS CIVIL LIBERTIES CIVIL SOCIETY COMMUNISM DATA AVAILABILITY DATA BANKS DATA COLLECTION DATA SET DATA SETS DECISION MAKING DECREASING FUNCTION DEMOCRACIES DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS DEMOCRATIC REGIMES DEMOCRATIZATION DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMY LITERATURE EGALITARIAN DISTRIBUTION ELECTIONS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPIRICAL SUPPORT EQUAL DISTRIBUTION FACTOR INCOME FREE PRESS FREEDOM GDP GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX HIGH CONCENTRATION HIGH CORRELATION HIGH INEQUALITY IMPERFECT CAPITAL MARKETS INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARES INCOMES INCREASED INEQUALITY INDEPENDENT INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY EQUATION INEQUALITY MEASURES INTEREST GROUPS INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS INVERSE RELATIONSHIP LABOR INCOME LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEFT-WING LITERACY RATES LOBBYING LOW INCOME MASS MEDIA MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS MEASURING INCOME INEQUALITY MEDIAN VOTER NEGATIVE EFFECT NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP NET INCOME POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL ECONOMY CHANNEL POLITICAL FACTORS POLITICAL FREEDOM POLITICAL INFLUENCE POLITICAL LIBERALIZATION POLITICAL LIBERTIES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL PROCESSES POLITICAL REFORMS POLITICAL RIGHTS POLITICAL SCIENTISTS POLITICAL STRUCTURE POLITICAL STRUCTURES POLITICAL VARIABLES POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY POSITIVE CORRELATION POSITIVE EFFECT POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP PRE-TAX INCOME PRIVATE PROPERTY PROGRAMS PURCHASING POWER REAL LEVEL REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY REDUCING INEQUALITY REDUCING POVERTY RELATIVE INCOME RIGHT TO VOTE SELECTION BIAS SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP SOCIAL EQUALITY SOCIAL TRANSFERS SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SUFFRAGE TAX REVENUES TAX SYSTEM TOLERANCE TRADE UNIONS TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNIONS VOTING VOTING RIGHTS WAGES Gradstein. Mark Milanovic, Branko Does Liberté = Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Links between Democracy and Inequality with Some Evidence on the Transition Economies |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2875 |
| description |
The effect of the distribution of
political rights on income inequality has been studied both
theoretically and empirically. The authors review the
existing literature and, in particular, the available
empirical evidence. The literature suggests that formal
exclusion from the political process through restrictions on
the voting franchise appears to have caused a high degree of
economic inequality. And democratization in the form of
franchise expansion has typically led to an expansion in
redistribution, at least in the small sample of episodes
studied. In a less pronounced way, albeit more emphatically
compared with the ambiguous results of earlier research,
recent evidence indicates an inverse relationship between
other measures of democracy, based on civil liberties and
political rights, and inequality. The transition experience
of Eastern European countries, however, seems to some extent
go against these conclusions. This opens possible new vistas
for research, namely the need to incorporate the length of
democratic experience and the role played by ideology and
social values |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Gradstein. Mark Milanovic, Branko |
| author_facet |
Gradstein. Mark Milanovic, Branko |
| author_sort |
Gradstein. Mark |
| title |
Does Liberté = Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Links between Democracy and Inequality with Some Evidence on the Transition Economies |
| title_short |
Does Liberté = Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Links between Democracy and Inequality with Some Evidence on the Transition Economies |
| title_full |
Does Liberté = Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Links between Democracy and Inequality with Some Evidence on the Transition Economies |
| title_fullStr |
Does Liberté = Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Links between Democracy and Inequality with Some Evidence on the Transition Economies |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Does Liberté = Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Links between Democracy and Inequality with Some Evidence on the Transition Economies |
| title_sort |
does liberté = egalité? a survey of the empirical links between democracy and inequality with some evidence on the transition economies |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/08/1997763/liberte-egalite-survey-empirical-links-between-democracy-inequality-some-evidence-transition-economies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19266 |
| _version_ |
1764439629286604800 |