Toward Cleaner Urban Air in South Asia: Tackling Transport Pollution, Understanding Sources
This ESMAP study was undertaken to provide technical input to support the region-wide process of developing and adopting cost-effective and realistic policies and efficient enforcement mechanisms to reverse the deteriorating trend in urban air qual...
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| Format: | ESMAP Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/03/4958287/toward-cleaner-urban-air-south-asia-tackling-transport-pollution-understanding-sources http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18860 |
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okr-10986-18860 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCELERATION SMOKE ACCELERATION SMOKE EMISSIONS ACCURATE VEHICLE REGISTRATION RECORD ACUTE EXPOSURE ADVERSE HEALTH IMPACT ADVERSE IMPACT AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR POLLUTION FROM ROAD TRANSPORT AIR QUALITY BENEFITS AIR QUALITY DATA AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIRBORNE PARTICLES AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER ALTERNATIVE FUEL AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS AMBIENT PARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS AMMONIUM AUTO FUEL POLICY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AUTOMOTIVE FUELS AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINE BIOMASS CARBON CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS CHEMICALS CLEANER FUELS CO CO2 COAL COLORS COMBUSTION COMBUSTION SOURCES COMPOSITE URBAN EMISSIONS COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONCENTRATIONS CONTROLLING AIR POLLUTION COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES DIESEL DIESEL DIESEL ENGINES DIESEL FUEL DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL VEHICLES DILUTION OF EXHAUST GAS DUST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY ELIMINATION OF LEAD IN GASOLINE EMISSIONS INSPECTION ENGINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS FINE PARTICLES FINE PARTICULATE MATTER FUEL COMBUSTION FUEL ECONOMY FUEL OIL FUEL QUALITY FUEL SUPPLY FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAXATION FUELS GASOLINE GASOLINE GASOLINE ENGINES GASOLINE OCTANE GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS GASOLINE VEHICLES GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GROSS POLLUTERS HC HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS LEVEL OF EMISSIONS LNG LOWER EMISSIONS MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM OXIDE METALS NITRATE NITRATES NITRIC OXIDE NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 NOX OIL OIL SECTOR ORGANIC CARBON OXIDES OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OF SULFUR OZONE PAH PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION PARTICULATE EMISSIONS PASSENGER CARS PETROLEUM GAS PM10 POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS POWER PLANTS PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLES REDUCING EMISSIONS REFINERIES REMOTE SENSING RESTRICTED ACTIVITY DAYS SMOKE OPACITY SO2 SOX STATIONARY SOURCES SUBSTRATES SULFATE SULFATES SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR IN DIESEL SUSPENDED PARTICLES TRAFFIC URBAN AIR URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE EXHAUST VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSIONS VEHICLE INSPECTION VEHICLES WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ACCELERATION SMOKE ACCELERATION SMOKE EMISSIONS ACCURATE VEHICLE REGISTRATION RECORD ACUTE EXPOSURE ADVERSE HEALTH IMPACT ADVERSE IMPACT AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR POLLUTION FROM ROAD TRANSPORT AIR QUALITY BENEFITS AIR QUALITY DATA AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIRBORNE PARTICLES AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER ALTERNATIVE FUEL AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS AMBIENT PARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS AMMONIUM AUTO FUEL POLICY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AUTOMOTIVE FUELS AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINE BIOMASS CARBON CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS CHEMICALS CLEANER FUELS CO CO2 COAL COLORS COMBUSTION COMBUSTION SOURCES COMPOSITE URBAN EMISSIONS COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONCENTRATIONS CONTROLLING AIR POLLUTION COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES DIESEL DIESEL DIESEL ENGINES DIESEL FUEL DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL VEHICLES DILUTION OF EXHAUST GAS DUST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY ELIMINATION OF LEAD IN GASOLINE EMISSIONS INSPECTION ENGINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS FINE PARTICLES FINE PARTICULATE MATTER FUEL COMBUSTION FUEL ECONOMY FUEL OIL FUEL QUALITY FUEL SUPPLY FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAXATION FUELS GASOLINE GASOLINE GASOLINE ENGINES GASOLINE OCTANE GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS GASOLINE VEHICLES GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GROSS POLLUTERS HC HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS LEVEL OF EMISSIONS LNG LOWER EMISSIONS MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM OXIDE METALS NITRATE NITRATES NITRIC OXIDE NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 NOX OIL OIL SECTOR ORGANIC CARBON OXIDES OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OF SULFUR OZONE PAH PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION PARTICULATE EMISSIONS PASSENGER CARS PETROLEUM GAS PM10 POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS POWER PLANTS PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLES REDUCING EMISSIONS REFINERIES REMOTE SENSING RESTRICTED ACTIVITY DAYS SMOKE OPACITY SO2 SOX STATIONARY SOURCES SUBSTRATES SULFATE SULFATES SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR IN DIESEL SUSPENDED PARTICLES TRAFFIC URBAN AIR URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE EXHAUST VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSIONS VEHICLE INSPECTION VEHICLES WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION World Bank Toward Cleaner Urban Air in South Asia: Tackling Transport Pollution, Understanding Sources |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia |
| relation |
Energy Sector Management Assistance
Programme (ESMAP) report;no. 281/04 |
| description |
This ESMAP study was undertaken to
provide technical input to support the region-wide process
of developing and adopting cost-effective and realistic
policies and efficient enforcement mechanisms to reverse the
deteriorating trend in urban air quality in South Asia. It
focused mainly on fine particulate matter, estimated to
account for most premature mortality and illnesses caused by
outdoor air pollution. Through stakeholder feedback, the
study examined two areas where more information and policy
analysis could complement ongoing activities on air
pollution control: making vehicle emissions inspection more
effective and understanding sources of small particulate
matter. Poorly maintained older technology vehicles
contribute disproportionately to total vehicular emissions.
A common approach to identifying gross polluters and
ensuring that they are repaired or retired is a vehicle
inspection and maintenance (I/M) program. The analysis
carried out in this study recommends that limited resources
be concentrated on applying more robust (but also costly)
test protocols to vehicle categories in large cities likely
to contain a disproportionately large fraction of high
annual-kilometer, gross polluters (for example, commercial
diesel vehicles). The ultimate goal of I/M is to reduce
human exposure to elevated concentrations of harmful
pollutants. Where air pollution is not serious, the number
of people exposed is not large, or for vehicles that are not
driven many kilometers a year or do not pollute much (such
as new gasoline vehicles), the benefit of testing vehicles
would be much less limited, if not negligibly small. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Toward Cleaner Urban Air in South Asia: Tackling Transport Pollution, Understanding Sources |
| title_short |
Toward Cleaner Urban Air in South Asia: Tackling Transport Pollution, Understanding Sources |
| title_full |
Toward Cleaner Urban Air in South Asia: Tackling Transport Pollution, Understanding Sources |
| title_fullStr |
Toward Cleaner Urban Air in South Asia: Tackling Transport Pollution, Understanding Sources |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Toward Cleaner Urban Air in South Asia: Tackling Transport Pollution, Understanding Sources |
| title_sort |
toward cleaner urban air in south asia: tackling transport pollution, understanding sources |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/03/4958287/toward-cleaner-urban-air-south-asia-tackling-transport-pollution-understanding-sources http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18860 |
| _version_ |
1764437269026963456 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-188602021-04-23T14:03:38Z Toward Cleaner Urban Air in South Asia: Tackling Transport Pollution, Understanding Sources World Bank ACCELERATION SMOKE ACCELERATION SMOKE EMISSIONS ACCURATE VEHICLE REGISTRATION RECORD ACUTE EXPOSURE ADVERSE HEALTH IMPACT ADVERSE IMPACT AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR POLLUTION FROM ROAD TRANSPORT AIR QUALITY BENEFITS AIR QUALITY DATA AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIRBORNE PARTICLES AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER ALTERNATIVE FUEL AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS AMBIENT PARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS AMMONIUM AUTO FUEL POLICY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AUTOMOTIVE FUELS AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINE BIOMASS CARBON CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS CHEMICALS CLEANER FUELS CO CO2 COAL COLORS COMBUSTION COMBUSTION SOURCES COMPOSITE URBAN EMISSIONS COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONCENTRATIONS CONTROLLING AIR POLLUTION COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES DIESEL DIESEL DIESEL ENGINES DIESEL FUEL DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL VEHICLES DILUTION OF EXHAUST GAS DUST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY ELIMINATION OF LEAD IN GASOLINE EMISSIONS INSPECTION ENGINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS FINE PARTICLES FINE PARTICULATE MATTER FUEL COMBUSTION FUEL ECONOMY FUEL OIL FUEL QUALITY FUEL SUPPLY FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAXATION FUELS GASOLINE GASOLINE GASOLINE ENGINES GASOLINE OCTANE GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS GASOLINE VEHICLES GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GROSS POLLUTERS HC HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS LEVEL OF EMISSIONS LNG LOWER EMISSIONS MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM OXIDE METALS NITRATE NITRATES NITRIC OXIDE NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 NOX OIL OIL SECTOR ORGANIC CARBON OXIDES OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OF SULFUR OZONE PAH PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION PARTICULATE EMISSIONS PASSENGER CARS PETROLEUM GAS PM10 POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS POWER PLANTS PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLES REDUCING EMISSIONS REFINERIES REMOTE SENSING RESTRICTED ACTIVITY DAYS SMOKE OPACITY SO2 SOX STATIONARY SOURCES SUBSTRATES SULFATE SULFATES SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR IN DIESEL SUSPENDED PARTICLES TRAFFIC URBAN AIR URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE EXHAUST VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSIONS VEHICLE INSPECTION VEHICLES WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION This ESMAP study was undertaken to provide technical input to support the region-wide process of developing and adopting cost-effective and realistic policies and efficient enforcement mechanisms to reverse the deteriorating trend in urban air quality in South Asia. It focused mainly on fine particulate matter, estimated to account for most premature mortality and illnesses caused by outdoor air pollution. Through stakeholder feedback, the study examined two areas where more information and policy analysis could complement ongoing activities on air pollution control: making vehicle emissions inspection more effective and understanding sources of small particulate matter. Poorly maintained older technology vehicles contribute disproportionately to total vehicular emissions. A common approach to identifying gross polluters and ensuring that they are repaired or retired is a vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program. The analysis carried out in this study recommends that limited resources be concentrated on applying more robust (but also costly) test protocols to vehicle categories in large cities likely to contain a disproportionately large fraction of high annual-kilometer, gross polluters (for example, commercial diesel vehicles). The ultimate goal of I/M is to reduce human exposure to elevated concentrations of harmful pollutants. Where air pollution is not serious, the number of people exposed is not large, or for vehicles that are not driven many kilometers a year or do not pollute much (such as new gasoline vehicles), the benefit of testing vehicles would be much less limited, if not negligibly small. 2014-06-30T19:53:17Z 2014-06-30T19:53:17Z 2004-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/03/4958287/toward-cleaner-urban-air-south-asia-tackling-transport-pollution-understanding-sources http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18860 English en_US Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP) report;no. 281/04 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper Publications & Research South Asia |