Economic Inequality in the Arab Region

The paper uses harmonized household survey micro-data to assess the levels and determinants of economic inequality in 12 Arab countries. It focuses on the sources of rural-urban, as well as metropolitan-nonmetropolitan, inequalities and applies the...

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Main Author:	Hassine, Nadia Belhaj
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACCESS TO TRANSPORTATION ACCOUNTING ADVERSE EFFECTS AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOME LEVEL AVERAGE INCOMES BANK POLICY BENCHMARK BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CONSUMER PRICE INDICES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION LEVELS COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY LEVEL CROSS-COUNTRY DATA CROSS-COUNTRY STUDIES DATA QUALITY DATA SET DECISION MAKING DECOMPOSITION RESULTS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING REGIONS DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL MEASURES DUMMY VARIABLE DURABLE DURABLE GOODS DURABLES DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC FACTORS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC SITUATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXCHANGE RATE EXPLANATORY POWER EXTERNAL FACTORS FAMILY MEMBERS FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD SUBSIDIES FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC REGION GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBALIZATION GROUP INEQUALITIES GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH SPELLS HIGH INEQUALITY HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MICRO-DATA HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY DECOMPOSITION INEQUALITY ESTIMATES INEQUALITY INDICATORS INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES INSTRUMENT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL STANDARD LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND OWNERSHIP LINEAR REGRESSION LIVING STANDARD LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME MARKET ECONOMY MEAN INCOMES MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEASURING INCOME INEQUALITY MEDIUM INEQUALITY MEDIUM LEVELS METROPOLITAN REGIONS MIDDLE CLASS MONETARY FUND MORTGAGES OIL PRICES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVEL PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY INTERVENTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL STABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION SUB-GROUPS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUANTILE REGRESSIONS REAL WAGES REGIONAL AGGREGATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGIONAL DIVIDE REGIONAL IMBALANCES REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INCOME DISPARITIES REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITIES REGIONAL INEQUALITIES REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LOCATION REGIONAL WELFARE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS REMOTE REGIONS RETURN RETURNS RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL MARKETS RURAL POOR RURAL WELFARE SCHOOLING SHADOW PRICES SPATIAL DIMENSIONS TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WEALTH WELFARE DISTRIBUTION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19641016/economic-inequality-arab-region http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18769

id	okr-10986-18769
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCESS TO TRANSPORTATION ACCOUNTING ADVERSE EFFECTS AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOME LEVEL AVERAGE INCOMES BANK POLICY BENCHMARK BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CONSUMER PRICE INDICES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION LEVELS COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY LEVEL CROSS-COUNTRY DATA CROSS-COUNTRY STUDIES DATA QUALITY DATA SET DECISION MAKING DECOMPOSITION RESULTS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING REGIONS DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL MEASURES DUMMY VARIABLE DURABLE DURABLE GOODS DURABLES DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC FACTORS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC SITUATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXCHANGE RATE EXPLANATORY POWER EXTERNAL FACTORS FAMILY MEMBERS FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD SUBSIDIES FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC REGION GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBALIZATION GROUP INEQUALITIES GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH SPELLS HIGH INEQUALITY HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MICRO-DATA HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY DECOMPOSITION INEQUALITY ESTIMATES INEQUALITY INDICATORS INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES INSTRUMENT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL STANDARD LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND OWNERSHIP LINEAR REGRESSION LIVING STANDARD LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME MARKET ECONOMY MEAN INCOMES MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEASURING INCOME INEQUALITY MEDIUM INEQUALITY MEDIUM LEVELS METROPOLITAN REGIONS MIDDLE CLASS MONETARY FUND MORTGAGES OIL PRICES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVEL PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY INTERVENTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL STABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION SUB-GROUPS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUANTILE REGRESSIONS REAL WAGES REGIONAL AGGREGATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGIONAL DIVIDE REGIONAL IMBALANCES REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INCOME DISPARITIES REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITIES REGIONAL INEQUALITIES REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LOCATION REGIONAL WELFARE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS REMOTE REGIONS RETURN RETURNS RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL MARKETS RURAL POOR RURAL WELFARE SCHOOLING SHADOW PRICES SPATIAL DIMENSIONS TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WEALTH WELFARE DISTRIBUTION
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO TRANSPORTATION ACCOUNTING ADVERSE EFFECTS AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOME LEVEL AVERAGE INCOMES BANK POLICY BENCHMARK BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CONSUMER PRICE INDICES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION LEVELS COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY LEVEL CROSS-COUNTRY DATA CROSS-COUNTRY STUDIES DATA QUALITY DATA SET DECISION MAKING DECOMPOSITION RESULTS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING REGIONS DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL MEASURES DUMMY VARIABLE DURABLE DURABLE GOODS DURABLES DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC FACTORS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC SITUATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXCHANGE RATE EXPLANATORY POWER EXTERNAL FACTORS FAMILY MEMBERS FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD SUBSIDIES FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC REGION GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBALIZATION GROUP INEQUALITIES GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH SPELLS HIGH INEQUALITY HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MICRO-DATA HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY DECOMPOSITION INEQUALITY ESTIMATES INEQUALITY INDICATORS INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES INSTRUMENT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL STANDARD LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND OWNERSHIP LINEAR REGRESSION LIVING STANDARD LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME MARKET ECONOMY MEAN INCOMES MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEASURING INCOME INEQUALITY MEDIUM INEQUALITY MEDIUM LEVELS METROPOLITAN REGIONS MIDDLE CLASS MONETARY FUND MORTGAGES OIL PRICES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVEL PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY INTERVENTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL STABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION SUB-GROUPS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUANTILE REGRESSIONS REAL WAGES REGIONAL AGGREGATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGIONAL DIVIDE REGIONAL IMBALANCES REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INCOME DISPARITIES REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITIES REGIONAL INEQUALITIES REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LOCATION REGIONAL WELFARE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS REMOTE REGIONS RETURN RETURNS RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL MARKETS RURAL POOR RURAL WELFARE SCHOOLING SHADOW PRICES SPATIAL DIMENSIONS TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WEALTH WELFARE DISTRIBUTION Hassine, Nadia Belhaj Economic Inequality in the Arab Region
geographic_facet	Middle East and North Africa Africa North Africa Middle East
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6911
description	The paper uses harmonized household survey micro-data to assess the levels and determinants of economic inequality in 12 Arab countries. It focuses on the sources of rural-urban, as well as metropolitan-nonmetropolitan, inequalities and applies the unconditional quantile regression decomposition technique to analyze the welfare gaps across the entire distribution. The analysis finds moderate inequality levels, with the Gini coefficient for the distribution of household real per capita total expenditures ranging between 30.7 in Libya and 45 in Mauritania. Differences in households' endowments, such as demographic composition, human capital, and community characteristics, appear as the main sources of the urban-rural welfare gap. There is inequality between metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions in many countries, mainly because of differences in returns to households' characteristics and particularly returns to human capital.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Hassine, Nadia Belhaj
author_facet	Hassine, Nadia Belhaj
author_sort	Hassine, Nadia Belhaj
title	Economic Inequality in the Arab Region
title_short	Economic Inequality in the Arab Region
title_full	Economic Inequality in the Arab Region
title_fullStr	Economic Inequality in the Arab Region
title_full_unstemmed	Economic Inequality in the Arab Region
title_sort	economic inequality in the arab region
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19641016/economic-inequality-arab-region http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18769
_version_	1764442648962138112
spelling	okr-10986-187692021-04-23T14:03:49Z Economic Inequality in the Arab Region Hassine, Nadia Belhaj ACCESS TO TRANSPORTATION ACCOUNTING ADVERSE EFFECTS AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOME LEVEL AVERAGE INCOMES BANK POLICY BENCHMARK BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CONSUMER PRICE INDICES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION LEVELS COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY LEVEL CROSS-COUNTRY DATA CROSS-COUNTRY STUDIES DATA QUALITY DATA SET DECISION MAKING DECOMPOSITION RESULTS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING REGIONS DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS DISTRIBUTIONAL MEASURES DUMMY VARIABLE DURABLE DURABLE GOODS DURABLES DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC FACTORS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC SITUATION EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXCHANGE RATE EXPLANATORY POWER EXTERNAL FACTORS FAMILY MEMBERS FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD SUBSIDIES FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GEOGRAPHIC REGION GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBALIZATION GROUP INEQUALITIES GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH SPELLS HIGH INEQUALITY HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MICRO-DATA HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME SHARE INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY DATA INEQUALITY DECOMPOSITION INEQUALITY ESTIMATES INEQUALITY INDICATORS INEQUALITY LEVELS INEQUALITY MEASURES INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES INSTRUMENT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL STANDARD LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND OWNERSHIP LINEAR REGRESSION LIVING STANDARD LIVING STANDARDS LOW INCOME MARKET ECONOMY MEAN INCOMES MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEASURING INCOME INEQUALITY MEDIUM INEQUALITY MEDIUM LEVELS METROPOLITAN REGIONS MIDDLE CLASS MONETARY FUND MORTGAGES OIL PRICES PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVEL PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY INTERVENTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL STABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION SUB-GROUPS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFORTS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY REDUCTION POWER PARITY PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUANTILE REGRESSIONS REAL WAGES REGIONAL AGGREGATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGIONAL DIVIDE REGIONAL IMBALANCES REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INCOME DISPARITIES REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITIES REGIONAL INEQUALITIES REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LOCATION REGIONAL WELFARE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS REMOTE REGIONS RETURN RETURNS RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INEQUALITY RURAL MARKETS RURAL POOR RURAL WELFARE SCHOOLING SHADOW PRICES SPATIAL DIMENSIONS TRANSITION COUNTRIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WEALTH WELFARE DISTRIBUTION The paper uses harmonized household survey micro-data to assess the levels and determinants of economic inequality in 12 Arab countries. It focuses on the sources of rural-urban, as well as metropolitan-nonmetropolitan, inequalities and applies the unconditional quantile regression decomposition technique to analyze the welfare gaps across the entire distribution. The analysis finds moderate inequality levels, with the Gini coefficient for the distribution of household real per capita total expenditures ranging between 30.7 in Libya and 45 in Mauritania. Differences in households' endowments, such as demographic composition, human capital, and community characteristics, appear as the main sources of the urban-rural welfare gap. There is inequality between metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions in many countries, mainly because of differences in returns to households' characteristics and particularly returns to human capital. 2014-06-25T21:44:57Z 2014-06-25T21:44:57Z 2014-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19641016/economic-inequality-arab-region http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18769 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6911 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Middle East and North Africa Africa North Africa Middle East

Economic Inequality in the Arab Region

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