50 Years of Urbanization in Africa : Examining the Role of Climate Change
This paper documents a significant impact of climate variation on urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa, primarily in more arid countries. By lowering farm incomes, reduced moisture availability encourages migration to nearby cities, while wetter cond...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19679968/50-years-urbanization-africa-examining-role-climate-change http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18757 |
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okr-10986-18757 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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English en_US |
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ADVERSE CLIMATE AIR AIR TEMPERATURE ALLOCATION AMOUNT OF RAINFALL ARID CLIMATES AVERAGE RAINFALL BASES CENSUSES CHANGES IN DEMAND CHANNELS CITY POPULATION CIVIL WAR CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES CLIMATE CHANGE DISCUSSION CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS CLIMATE CHANGES CLIMATE CONDITIONS CLIMATE DATA CLIMATE EFFECTS CLIMATE EXTREMES CLIMATE FACTORS CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS CLIMATE IMPACT CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH CLIMATE IMPACTS CLIMATE INDICATORS CLIMATE MODELS CLIMATE SCENARIOS CLIMATE SCIENTISTS CLIMATE TRENDS CLIMATE UNCERTAINTY CLIMATE VARIABILITY CLIMATIC CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CLIMATIC RESEARCH CLIMATIC VARIABILITY CLIMATOLOGISTS CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY CONVERGENCE DEMAND FOR SERVICES DESERTIFICATION DESERTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIVERGENCE DROUGHT EARLY CHILDHOOD ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECONOMIC DATA ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPACTS ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMIC SECTORS EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ELECTRICITY EMISSION EMISSION SCENARIOS ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ESTIMATES OF CLIMATE CHANGE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EXPORT EXTREME EVENTS FARMERS FARMING FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FLOODS FOOD SECURITY FOREST FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE GAS GAS FLARING GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE GLOBAL CLIMATE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES HOUSEHOLD WORK HUMAN CAPITAL ICE IMPACT OF CLIMATE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIATION IMPACT OF RAINFALL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE INCOME INDUSTRIALIZATION INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LOCAL DISTRIBUTION MALE LABOR FORCE MARITAL STATUS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOISTURE MONSOONS NATIONAL LEVEL NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NEGATIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN OCEAN TEMPERATURES PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES PET PH PLANT GROWTH POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION DATA POPULATION DECLINES POPULATION EFFECT POPULOUS COUNTRY PRECIPITATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMATE CITY PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES PULL FACTORS PUSH FACTORS RAIN RAINFALL RAINFALL ANOMALIES RAINFALL CLIMATOLOGY RAINFALL DEFICITS RAINFALL EFFECTS RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS RAINFALL UNCERTAINTY RAINFALL VARIATION REGIONAL CLIMATE REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESOURCE ECONOMICS RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATION GROWTH RURAL PRODUCTION RURAL RESIDENTS SCIENCES SEA SEA LEVEL SEASON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOILS SUMMER TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE DATA TEMPERATURE EFFECTS TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY TOTAL DEMAND TROPICS UNEP URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN MIGRATION URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATION GROWTH URBANIZATION UTILITY FUNCTION UTILITY FUNCTIONS VULNERABILITY WARS WATER CYCLE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY WORKFORCE |
| spellingShingle |
ADVERSE CLIMATE AIR AIR TEMPERATURE ALLOCATION AMOUNT OF RAINFALL ARID CLIMATES AVERAGE RAINFALL BASES CENSUSES CHANGES IN DEMAND CHANNELS CITY POPULATION CIVIL WAR CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES CLIMATE CHANGE DISCUSSION CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS CLIMATE CHANGES CLIMATE CONDITIONS CLIMATE DATA CLIMATE EFFECTS CLIMATE EXTREMES CLIMATE FACTORS CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS CLIMATE IMPACT CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH CLIMATE IMPACTS CLIMATE INDICATORS CLIMATE MODELS CLIMATE SCENARIOS CLIMATE SCIENTISTS CLIMATE TRENDS CLIMATE UNCERTAINTY CLIMATE VARIABILITY CLIMATIC CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CLIMATIC RESEARCH CLIMATIC VARIABILITY CLIMATOLOGISTS CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY CONVERGENCE DEMAND FOR SERVICES DESERTIFICATION DESERTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIVERGENCE DROUGHT EARLY CHILDHOOD ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECONOMIC DATA ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPACTS ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMIC SECTORS EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ELECTRICITY EMISSION EMISSION SCENARIOS ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ESTIMATES OF CLIMATE CHANGE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EXPORT EXTREME EVENTS FARMERS FARMING FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FLOODS FOOD SECURITY FOREST FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE GAS GAS FLARING GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE GLOBAL CLIMATE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES HOUSEHOLD WORK HUMAN CAPITAL ICE IMPACT OF CLIMATE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIATION IMPACT OF RAINFALL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE INCOME INDUSTRIALIZATION INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LOCAL DISTRIBUTION MALE LABOR FORCE MARITAL STATUS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOISTURE MONSOONS NATIONAL LEVEL NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NEGATIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN OCEAN TEMPERATURES PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES PET PH PLANT GROWTH POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION DATA POPULATION DECLINES POPULATION EFFECT POPULOUS COUNTRY PRECIPITATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMATE CITY PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES PULL FACTORS PUSH FACTORS RAIN RAINFALL RAINFALL ANOMALIES RAINFALL CLIMATOLOGY RAINFALL DEFICITS RAINFALL EFFECTS RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS RAINFALL UNCERTAINTY RAINFALL VARIATION REGIONAL CLIMATE REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESOURCE ECONOMICS RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATION GROWTH RURAL PRODUCTION RURAL RESIDENTS SCIENCES SEA SEA LEVEL SEASON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOILS SUMMER TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE DATA TEMPERATURE EFFECTS TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY TOTAL DEMAND TROPICS UNEP URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN MIGRATION URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATION GROWTH URBANIZATION UTILITY FUNCTION UTILITY FUNCTIONS VULNERABILITY WARS WATER CYCLE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY WORKFORCE Henderson, J. Vernon Storeygard, Adam Deichmann, Uwe 50 Years of Urbanization in Africa : Examining the Role of Climate Change |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Africa |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6925 |
| description |
This paper documents a significant
impact of climate variation on urbanization in Sub-Saharan
Africa, primarily in more arid countries. By lowering farm
incomes, reduced moisture availability encourages migration
to nearby cities, while wetter conditions slow migration.
The paper also provides evidence for rural-urban income
links. In countries with a larger industrial base, reduced
moisture shrinks the agricultural sector and raises total
incomes in nearby cities. However, if local cities are
entirely dependent on servicing agriculture so their
fortunes move with those of agriculture, reduced moisture
tends to reduce local urban incomes. Finally, the paper
shows that climate induces employment changes within the
rural sector itself. Drier conditions induce a shift out of
farm activities, especially for women, into non-farm
activities, and especially out of the workforce. Overall,
these findings imply a strong link between climate and
urbanization in Africa. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Henderson, J. Vernon Storeygard, Adam Deichmann, Uwe |
| author_facet |
Henderson, J. Vernon Storeygard, Adam Deichmann, Uwe |
| author_sort |
Henderson, J. Vernon |
| title |
50 Years of Urbanization in Africa : Examining the Role of Climate Change |
| title_short |
50 Years of Urbanization in Africa : Examining the Role of Climate Change |
| title_full |
50 Years of Urbanization in Africa : Examining the Role of Climate Change |
| title_fullStr |
50 Years of Urbanization in Africa : Examining the Role of Climate Change |
| title_full_unstemmed |
50 Years of Urbanization in Africa : Examining the Role of Climate Change |
| title_sort |
50 years of urbanization in africa : examining the role of climate change |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19679968/50-years-urbanization-africa-examining-role-climate-change http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18757 |
| _version_ |
1764442755797352448 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-187572021-04-23T14:03:49Z 50 Years of Urbanization in Africa : Examining the Role of Climate Change Henderson, J. Vernon Storeygard, Adam Deichmann, Uwe ADVERSE CLIMATE AIR AIR TEMPERATURE ALLOCATION AMOUNT OF RAINFALL ARID CLIMATES AVERAGE RAINFALL BASES CENSUSES CHANGES IN DEMAND CHANNELS CITY POPULATION CIVIL WAR CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES CLIMATE CHANGE DISCUSSION CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS CLIMATE CHANGES CLIMATE CONDITIONS CLIMATE DATA CLIMATE EFFECTS CLIMATE EXTREMES CLIMATE FACTORS CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS CLIMATE IMPACT CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH CLIMATE IMPACTS CLIMATE INDICATORS CLIMATE MODELS CLIMATE SCENARIOS CLIMATE SCIENTISTS CLIMATE TRENDS CLIMATE UNCERTAINTY CLIMATE VARIABILITY CLIMATIC CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CLIMATIC RESEARCH CLIMATIC VARIABILITY CLIMATOLOGISTS CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY CONVERGENCE DEMAND FOR SERVICES DESERTIFICATION DESERTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIVERGENCE DROUGHT EARLY CHILDHOOD ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECONOMIC DATA ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPACTS ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMIC SECTORS EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ELECTRICITY EMISSION EMISSION SCENARIOS ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ESTIMATES OF CLIMATE CHANGE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EXPORT EXTREME EVENTS FARMERS FARMING FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FLOODS FOOD SECURITY FOREST FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE GAS GAS FLARING GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE GLOBAL CLIMATE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES HOUSEHOLD WORK HUMAN CAPITAL ICE IMPACT OF CLIMATE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIATION IMPACT OF RAINFALL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE INCOME INDUSTRIALIZATION INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR SUPPLY LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LOCAL DISTRIBUTION MALE LABOR FORCE MARITAL STATUS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MOISTURE MONSOONS NATIONAL LEVEL NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE NEGATIVE IMPACTS NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN OCEAN TEMPERATURES PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES PET PH PLANT GROWTH POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION DATA POPULATION DECLINES POPULATION EFFECT POPULOUS COUNTRY PRECIPITATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMATE CITY PROGRESS PUBLIC SERVICES PULL FACTORS PUSH FACTORS RAIN RAINFALL RAINFALL ANOMALIES RAINFALL CLIMATOLOGY RAINFALL DEFICITS RAINFALL EFFECTS RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS RAINFALL UNCERTAINTY RAINFALL VARIATION REGIONAL CLIMATE REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESOURCE ECONOMICS RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATION GROWTH RURAL PRODUCTION RURAL RESIDENTS SCIENCES SEA SEA LEVEL SEASON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOILS SUMMER TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE DATA TEMPERATURE EFFECTS TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY TOTAL DEMAND TROPICS UNEP URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN MIGRATION URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATION GROWTH URBANIZATION UTILITY FUNCTION UTILITY FUNCTIONS VULNERABILITY WARS WATER CYCLE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY WORKFORCE This paper documents a significant impact of climate variation on urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa, primarily in more arid countries. By lowering farm incomes, reduced moisture availability encourages migration to nearby cities, while wetter conditions slow migration. The paper also provides evidence for rural-urban income links. In countries with a larger industrial base, reduced moisture shrinks the agricultural sector and raises total incomes in nearby cities. However, if local cities are entirely dependent on servicing agriculture so their fortunes move with those of agriculture, reduced moisture tends to reduce local urban incomes. Finally, the paper shows that climate induces employment changes within the rural sector itself. Drier conditions induce a shift out of farm activities, especially for women, into non-farm activities, and especially out of the workforce. Overall, these findings imply a strong link between climate and urbanization in Africa. 2014-06-25T20:28:49Z 2014-06-25T20:28:49Z 2014-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19679968/50-years-urbanization-africa-examining-role-climate-change http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18757 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6925 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Africa |