Infrastructure : Doing More with Less

Adequate urban infrastructure can be expensive, but the costs of not delivering housing, transportation, water, sewage, public facilities, and other necessities are also high. Inadequate infrastructure slows and even reverses economic growth, drivi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Woetzel, Jonathan, Pohl, Herbert
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACCOUNTABILITY ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS AIR AIR TRAFFIC AIR TRANSPORT AIRPORTS ASSETS BASIC SERVICES BRIDGE BUS BUS SYSTEMS BUSINESS CASES BUSINESS MODELS BUSINESS PLANS CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CAPITAL NEEDS CAPITAL PROJECTS CARS CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICERS CITIES COMMUNICATION NETWORKS CONGESTION CONSUMER GOODS CONTRACTORS DEBT DECISION MAKERS DECISION MAKING DECISION-MAKING DEMOGRAPHICS DRIVING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELECTRONIC PAYMENT ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS ELECTRONIC ROAD PRICING EMISSIONS EMPLOYMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EXCHANGE RATE EXPRESSWAYS FINANCE INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCIAL SAVINGS FLOOR SPACE FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION HIGHWAY HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS LEARNING MEDIA MEGACITIES METRO RAIL MODES OF TRANSPORT MUNICIPAL MUNICIPALITIES NATURAL RESOURCES POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH PPPS PRIVATE TRAFFIC PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PUBLIC AGENCIES PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RAIL RAIL ADMINISTRATIONS RIDERSHIP ROAD ROAD EXPANSION ROAD IMPROVEMENTS ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROAD PROJECTS ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD USERS ROADS ROADWAY SAFETY SANITATION SCHOOLS SEWAGE TOLL TOLL ROAD TRAFFIC TRAFFIC FLOWS TRAFFIC LIGHTS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION DEMAND TRANSPORTATION NETWORK TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS TRANSPORTATION PLAN TRAVEL TIME TRUE TUNNEL TUNNELS UNDERGROUND URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTS URBAN GROWTH URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN PLANNING URBAN RAIL URBAN RAIL SYSTEMS URBAN ROUTES URBAN WATER SUPPLY URBANIZATION VEHICLE VEHICLE FLOW VEHICLE USE WASTE WATER SUPPLY
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/05/19541551/infrastructure-doing-more-less http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18751

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Summary:	Adequate urban infrastructure can be expensive, but the costs of not delivering housing, transportation, water, sewage, public facilities, and other necessities are also high. Inadequate infrastructure slows and even reverses economic growth, driving unemployment, crime, and urban decay. It can fuel urban tensions by widening divisions among ethnic or income groups or between long-time residents and recent immigrants. And it can foster a general malaise that drains a city's vitality and spirit. One study in Africa showed that the return on investment for infrastructure was about 50 percent, based on contributions to gross domestic product (GDP), and that if investments were optimized, the return will be closer to 150 percent. This value is delivered through increased productivity and job creation, among other channels. Social benefits from improved public services and living standards are also substantial. In emerging markets, inadequate infrastructure can be a substantial barrier to growth. Adequate infrastructure reduces costs, supports economic activity, increases factor productivity in cities, and connects cities to domestic and international markets. With the staggering demand for infrastructure in emerging economies, officials will need to continue gathering as much funding as possible to meet their needs. This paper looks closer at the infrastructure needs of cities in emerging markets, based on the most recent McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) analysis. It offers practical suggestions on how to answer fundamental questions facing any government trying to get the greatest impact from limited infrastructure funds. And before concluding, it examines how cities worldwide have improved governance, institutions, processes, and capabilities to help close the infrastructure funding gap.

Infrastructure : Doing More with Less

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