Sustainable and Smart Cities

Sustainable and Smart Cities

This paper explores the challenges and opportunities that government officials face in designing coherent 'rules of the game' for achieving urban sustainability during times of growth. Sustainability is judged by three criteria. The first...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Kahn, Matthew E.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACIDS ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE AGGREGATE DEMAND AGGREGATE SUPPLY AIR AIR CONDITIONING AIR POLLUTION ALLOCATION ALLOWANCE ALLOWANCE TRADING APPROACH AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOTIVE LEAD EMISSIONS BALANCE BUS BUS LANES BUS ROUTES BUS STATIONS BUSES CAR CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON FOOTPRINT CARBON PRICE CARBON TAX CARBON TAX SWAP CARS CATALYTIC CONVERTER CHEMICALS CITIZENS CLEAN AIR CLEAN WATER CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS CLIMATE RESILIENCE COAL CONGESTION CHARGE CONGESTION PRICING CONVENTIONAL GASOLINE COPPER DEMAND CURVE DEMAND FOR POWER DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIESEL DOUBLE DIVIDEND DRAINAGE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DRIVING DROUGHT DYES ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY SUPPLY EMISSION EMISSION CONTROL EMISSION LEVELS EMISSIONS CONTROL EMISSIONS FROM INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS ENERGY POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS EXCHANGE RATE EXTERNALITIES EXTREME HEAT EXTREME RAINFALL EXTREME WEATHER EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS FAT TAIL FINANCIAL SUPPORT FLOOR AREA FLOOR AREA RATIO FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION FOSSIL FUELS FREIGHT FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL ECONOMY FUEL EFFICIENCY GAS PRICES GAS PRODUCTION GASOLINE GASOLINE TAX GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREEN SPACE GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS HEALTH CARE HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT HEAT HEAVY INDUSTRY HIGH SPEEDS HIGHWAYS HURRICANE HYBRID VEHICLES INCOME INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INSPECTION INSURANCE INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES JOBS LAND USE LOW-CARBON MILEAGE MORTALITY MORTALITY RISK NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL GAS NEGATIVE IMPACTS NEIGHBORHOODS OZONE PARTICULATE PEAK-TIME PEAK-TIME PRICING PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA VEHICLE PESTICIDES PHARMACEUTICALS POLICE POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLLUTION POLLUTION COSTS POLLUTION EXPOSURE POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION GROWTH POWER POWER GENERATION POWER PLANT POWER PLANTS PRIVATE VEHICLE PRIVATE VEHICLES PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PROPERTY TAXES PUBLIC PARKING PUBLIC ROADS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION QUALITY OF LIFE RAIL RAIL TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT PLANNING RAILWAYS RAIN RAINFALL RAPID TRANSIT REAL ESTATE RENEWABLE POWER RESIDENTIAL HOUSING RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RIDER RIDERSHIP RISK MANAGEMENT ROAD ROAD CONGESTION ROAD PROVISION ROADS RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SANITATION SO2 SOLAR PANELS SOLVENTS SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY SUBSTITUTION SUBURBS SUBWAY SUBWAY LINES SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS SUPPLY CURVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX TEMPERATURE TOLL TOTAL EMISSIONS TRADING PARTNERS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRAFFIC SAFETY TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS TRANSPORTATION EMISSIONS TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM TREATY TRUCK USE TRUCKS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN DRIVERS URBAN PLANNERS URBAN TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE OWNERSHIP VEHICLE PURCHASES VEHICLE USE WALKING WATER POLLUTION WATER TREATMENT WIND WIND TURBINES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/05/19540872/sustainable-smart-cities http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18748

Description
Summary:	This paper explores the challenges and opportunities that government officials face in designing coherent 'rules of the game' for achieving urban sustainability during times of growth. Sustainability is judged by three criteria. The first involves elements of day-to-day quality of life, such as having clean air and water and green space. The provision of these public goods has direct effects on the urban public's health and productivity. The second focuses on the city's greenhouse gas emissions. Developing cities are investing in new infrastructure, from highways and public transit systems to electricity generation and transmission. They are building water treatment, water delivery, and sewage disposal systems. Residents of these cities are simultaneously making key decisions about where they live and work and whether to buy such energy-consuming durables as private vehicles and home air-conditioning units. Given the long-lived durability of the capital stock, short-term decisions will have long-term effects on the city's carbon footprint. The third criterion is a city's resilience to natural disasters and extreme weather events. This subsection focuses on how the urban poor can be better equipped to adapt to the anticipated challenges of climate change.

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