Taking Stock of Fiscal Health : Trends in Global, Regional, and Country Level Health Financing
This note analyzes levels and trends of health expenditures by country, income group, and region in the context of overall government revenue, expenditure, and GDP trends between 1995 and 2010. The study uses available data from the World Health Or...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/19491051/taking-stock-fiscal-health-trends-global-regional-country-level-health-financing http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18695 |
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okr-10986-186952021-04-23T14:03:48Z Taking Stock of Fiscal Health : Trends in Global, Regional, and Country Level Health Financing Fleisher, Lisa Leive, Adam Schieber, George ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE SHARE BASE YEAR BENCHMARKS CAPITA HEALTH SPENDING CLEAN WATER COUNTRY LEVEL CROWDING DEBT DEMAND FOR HEALTH DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ECONOMIC FACTORS EXCHANGE RATES EXOGENOUS SHOCKS FAMILIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FISCAL POLICY GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SPENDING HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SHARE HEALTH SPENDING HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SYSTEMS HIGH CORRELATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME ELASTICITIES INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INFANT MORTALITY INSURANCE INSURANCE COVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH LINEAR REGRESSION LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC CONTEXT MEAN INCOME MEDICAL CARE MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY MORTALITY MORTALITY RATES NATIONAL HEALTH NOMINAL INCOME NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUTRITION OBESITY PHYSICIAN POLICY PERSPECTIVE POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE COEFFICIENT PRIVATE SPENDING PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS REAL GDP REGRESSION ANALYSIS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES TAXATION TROUGH This note analyzes levels and trends of health expenditures by country, income group, and region in the context of overall government revenue, expenditure, and GDP trends between 1995 and 2010. The study uses available data from the World Health Organization's (WHO) National Health Accounts, the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) fiscal data bases, and the World Bank's World Development Indicators. The paper provides snapshots of health financing patterns, both public and private, at different points in time, as well as analyzing the stability of these relationships and tracing their evolution during this period. In general, there is little variation in the average income elasticity's of total, government, and out-of pocket (OOP) health spending by income level or region. The elasticity's of government health spending to total government expenditures and revenues exhibit more variation across both income groups and region than the income elasticity. Controlling for demographics moderately reduces the magnitude of these estimates. Many elasticity estimates are close to one, indicating the importance of income as a driving force behind health spending. Some countries exhibit fluctuations in the income elasticity of government health spending but many have increasing elasticity's over the 1995 to 2010 period. These trends highlight the simple macro-fiscal context for health spending, and flag situations that require more in-depth analyses as countries struggle with the fiscal sustainability of their health systems, particularly as they pursue universal insurance coverage and significant supply side expansions. 2014-06-17T22:44:42Z 2014-06-17T22:44:42Z 2013-11 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/19491051/taking-stock-fiscal-health-trends-global-regional-country-level-health-financing http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18695 English en_US Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP) discussion paper; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE SHARE BASE YEAR BENCHMARKS CAPITA HEALTH SPENDING CLEAN WATER COUNTRY LEVEL CROWDING DEBT DEMAND FOR HEALTH DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ECONOMIC FACTORS EXCHANGE RATES EXOGENOUS SHOCKS FAMILIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FISCAL POLICY GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SPENDING HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SHARE HEALTH SPENDING HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SYSTEMS HIGH CORRELATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME ELASTICITIES INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INFANT MORTALITY INSURANCE INSURANCE COVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH LINEAR REGRESSION LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC CONTEXT MEAN INCOME MEDICAL CARE MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY MORTALITY MORTALITY RATES NATIONAL HEALTH NOMINAL INCOME NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUTRITION OBESITY PHYSICIAN POLICY PERSPECTIVE POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE COEFFICIENT PRIVATE SPENDING PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS REAL GDP REGRESSION ANALYSIS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES TAXATION TROUGH |
| spellingShingle |
ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE SHARE BASE YEAR BENCHMARKS CAPITA HEALTH SPENDING CLEAN WATER COUNTRY LEVEL CROWDING DEBT DEMAND FOR HEALTH DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ECONOMIC FACTORS EXCHANGE RATES EXOGENOUS SHOCKS FAMILIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FISCAL POLICY GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SPENDING HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INDICATORS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SHARE HEALTH SPENDING HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SYSTEMS HIGH CORRELATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME ELASTICITIES INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOMES INFANT MORTALITY INSURANCE INSURANCE COVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH LINEAR REGRESSION LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC CONTEXT MEAN INCOME MEDICAL CARE MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY MORTALITY MORTALITY RATES NATIONAL HEALTH NOMINAL INCOME NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUTRITION OBESITY PHYSICIAN POLICY PERSPECTIVE POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION SHARE POSITIVE COEFFICIENT PRIVATE SPENDING PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS REAL GDP REGRESSION ANALYSIS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES TAXATION TROUGH Fleisher, Lisa Leive, Adam Schieber, George Taking Stock of Fiscal Health : Trends in Global, Regional, and Country Level Health Financing |
| relation |
Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP)
discussion paper; |
| description |
This note analyzes levels and trends of
health expenditures by country, income group, and region in
the context of overall government revenue, expenditure, and
GDP trends between 1995 and 2010. The study uses available
data from the World Health Organization's (WHO)
National Health Accounts, the International Monetary
Fund's (IMF) fiscal data bases, and the World
Bank's World Development Indicators. The paper provides
snapshots of health financing patterns, both public and
private, at different points in time, as well as analyzing
the stability of these relationships and tracing their
evolution during this period. In general, there is little
variation in the average income elasticity's of total,
government, and out-of pocket (OOP) health spending by
income level or region. The elasticity's of government
health spending to total government expenditures and
revenues exhibit more variation across both income groups
and region than the income elasticity. Controlling for
demographics moderately reduces the magnitude of these
estimates. Many elasticity estimates are close to one,
indicating the importance of income as a driving force
behind health spending. Some countries exhibit fluctuations
in the income elasticity of government health spending but
many have increasing elasticity's over the 1995 to 2010
period. These trends highlight the simple macro-fiscal
context for health spending, and flag situations that
require more in-depth analyses as countries struggle with
the fiscal sustainability of their health systems,
particularly as they pursue universal insurance coverage and
significant supply side expansions. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| author |
Fleisher, Lisa Leive, Adam Schieber, George |
| author_facet |
Fleisher, Lisa Leive, Adam Schieber, George |
| author_sort |
Fleisher, Lisa |
| title |
Taking Stock of Fiscal Health : Trends in Global, Regional, and Country Level Health Financing |
| title_short |
Taking Stock of Fiscal Health : Trends in Global, Regional, and Country Level Health Financing |
| title_full |
Taking Stock of Fiscal Health : Trends in Global, Regional, and Country Level Health Financing |
| title_fullStr |
Taking Stock of Fiscal Health : Trends in Global, Regional, and Country Level Health Financing |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Taking Stock of Fiscal Health : Trends in Global, Regional, and Country Level Health Financing |
| title_sort |
taking stock of fiscal health : trends in global, regional, and country level health financing |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/19491051/taking-stock-fiscal-health-trends-global-regional-country-level-health-financing http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18695 |
| _version_ |
1764442336625950720 |