Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes

This paper utilizes a cross-country panel of 83 developing countries to examine how changes in cohort size are correlated with subsequent employment outcomes for workers at different ages. The results depend on countries' level of development....

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Main Authors:	Newhouse, David, Wolff, Claudia
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ADVANCED COUNTRIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS ANNUALIZED CHANGE AVERAGE WAGES COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS COUNTRY DUMMY CROSS-COUNTRY PANEL CROSS-SECTION DATA DATA SET DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DIVIDEND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STUDIES ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EFFICIENCY WAGES ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT STATUSES EQUILIBRIUM WAGES EXTERNAL FACTORS FAMILY INCOME FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE GLOBAL ECONOMY GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH RATE HIGH INCOME HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INFORMAL SECTOR JOB STATUS JOBS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR SURVEYS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKETS LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MEASUREMENT ERROR MIDDLE INCOME MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MORTALITY NATIONAL INCOME NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP NEOCLASSICAL GROWTH OPPORTUNITY COST POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POOR GROWTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION DATA POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY REDUCTION PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REAL WAGE REAL WAGES SAFETY SAFETY NETS SALARIED WORKERS SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL SOCIAL SAFETY SOCIAL SAFETY NETS SUBSTITUTION EFFECT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNPAID WORKERS UNSKILLED WORKERS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKERS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH LABOR YOUTH PARTICIPATION YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH WORK
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/04/19455980/cohort-size-youth-employment-outcomes http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18335

id	okr-10986-18335
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-183352021-04-23T14:03:44Z Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes Newhouse, David Wolff, Claudia ADVANCED COUNTRIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS ANNUALIZED CHANGE AVERAGE WAGES COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS COUNTRY DUMMY CROSS-COUNTRY PANEL CROSS-SECTION DATA DATA SET DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DIVIDEND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STUDIES ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EFFICIENCY WAGES ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT STATUSES EQUILIBRIUM WAGES EXTERNAL FACTORS FAMILY INCOME FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE GLOBAL ECONOMY GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH RATE HIGH INCOME HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INFORMAL SECTOR JOB STATUS JOBS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR SURVEYS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKETS LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MEASUREMENT ERROR MIDDLE INCOME MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MORTALITY NATIONAL INCOME NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP NEOCLASSICAL GROWTH OPPORTUNITY COST POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POOR GROWTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION DATA POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY REDUCTION PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REAL WAGE REAL WAGES SAFETY SAFETY NETS SALARIED WORKERS SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL SOCIAL SAFETY SOCIAL SAFETY NETS SUBSTITUTION EFFECT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNPAID WORKERS UNSKILLED WORKERS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKERS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH LABOR YOUTH PARTICIPATION YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH WORK This paper utilizes a cross-country panel of 83 developing countries to examine how changes in cohort size are correlated with subsequent employment outcomes for workers at different ages. The results depend on countries' level of development. In low-income countries, young adults that are born into smaller cohorts are less likely to work, but school attendance remains unchanged. In middle-income countries, young adults in smaller cohorts are less likely to be unemployed and more likely to work outside of agriculture. Neither pattern can be discerned among older adults, although the estimates are imprecise. In sum, reductions in cohort size are associated with moderate improvements in employment outcomes for youth in middle-income countries, but there is scant evidence that these improvements persist into adulthood. 2014-05-14T22:17:31Z 2014-05-14T22:17:31Z 2014-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/04/19455980/cohort-size-youth-employment-outcomes http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18335 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6848 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ADVANCED COUNTRIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS ANNUALIZED CHANGE AVERAGE WAGES COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS COUNTRY DUMMY CROSS-COUNTRY PANEL CROSS-SECTION DATA DATA SET DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DIVIDEND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STUDIES ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EFFICIENCY WAGES ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT STATUSES EQUILIBRIUM WAGES EXTERNAL FACTORS FAMILY INCOME FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE GLOBAL ECONOMY GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH RATE HIGH INCOME HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INFORMAL SECTOR JOB STATUS JOBS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR SURVEYS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKETS LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MEASUREMENT ERROR MIDDLE INCOME MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MORTALITY NATIONAL INCOME NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP NEOCLASSICAL GROWTH OPPORTUNITY COST POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POOR GROWTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION DATA POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY REDUCTION PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REAL WAGE REAL WAGES SAFETY SAFETY NETS SALARIED WORKERS SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL SOCIAL SAFETY SOCIAL SAFETY NETS SUBSTITUTION EFFECT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNPAID WORKERS UNSKILLED WORKERS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKERS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH LABOR YOUTH PARTICIPATION YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH WORK
spellingShingle	ADVANCED COUNTRIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS ANNUALIZED CHANGE AVERAGE WAGES COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS COUNTRY DUMMY CROSS-COUNTRY PANEL CROSS-SECTION DATA DATA SET DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DIVIDEND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC STUDIES ECONOMICS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EFFICIENCY WAGES ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL RESULTS EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT POLICY EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT RATES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT STATUSES EQUILIBRIUM WAGES EXTERNAL FACTORS FAMILY INCOME FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE GLOBAL ECONOMY GROWTH MODEL GROWTH MODELS GROWTH RATE HIGH INCOME HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INFORMAL SECTOR JOB STATUS JOBS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOR SURVEYS LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKETS LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS MEASUREMENT ERROR MIDDLE INCOME MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MORTALITY NATIONAL INCOME NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP NEOCLASSICAL GROWTH OPPORTUNITY COST POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POOR GROWTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION DATA POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY REDUCTION PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REAL WAGE REAL WAGES SAFETY SAFETY NETS SALARIED WORKERS SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL SOCIAL SAFETY SOCIAL SAFETY NETS SUBSTITUTION EFFECT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNPAID WORKERS UNSKILLED WORKERS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKERS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH LABOR YOUTH PARTICIPATION YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH WORK Newhouse, David Wolff, Claudia Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6848
description	This paper utilizes a cross-country panel of 83 developing countries to examine how changes in cohort size are correlated with subsequent employment outcomes for workers at different ages. The results depend on countries' level of development. In low-income countries, young adults that are born into smaller cohorts are less likely to work, but school attendance remains unchanged. In middle-income countries, young adults in smaller cohorts are less likely to be unemployed and more likely to work outside of agriculture. Neither pattern can be discerned among older adults, although the estimates are imprecise. In sum, reductions in cohort size are associated with moderate improvements in employment outcomes for youth in middle-income countries, but there is scant evidence that these improvements persist into adulthood.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Newhouse, David Wolff, Claudia
author_facet	Newhouse, David Wolff, Claudia
author_sort	Newhouse, David
title	Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes
title_short	Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes
title_full	Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes
title_fullStr	Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes
title_full_unstemmed	Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes
title_sort	cohort size and youth employment outcomes
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/04/19455980/cohort-size-youth-employment-outcomes http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18335
_version_	1764440658913787904

Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes

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