China : Development of National Heat Pricing and Billing Policy

China : Development of National Heat Pricing and Billing Policy

Market-based reforms in China's urban centralized heating sector are essential to addressing the perpetual inefficiency of a sector built on welfare based principles. The reform of heat pricing and billing is a crucial part of overall heat ref...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Meyer, Anke Sofia, Kalkum, Bernd
Format:	ESMAP Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	AIR POLLUTION AMBIENT TEMPERATURE APPROACH AVERAGE COSTS BOILER BOILER HOUSE BOILER HOUSES BOILERS BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY BUILDING ENERGY USE CARBON DIOXIDE CENTRAL HEATING CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 EMISSIONS COAL COAL CONSUMPTION COAL PRICE COAL PRICES COAL USE COGENERATION COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONSTRUCTION CONSUMPTION PATTERNS COST SAVINGS DISTRIBUTION OF COSTS DISTRICT HEAT DISTRICT HEATING DISTRICT HEATING INDUSTRY DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS DOMINANT FUEL ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY EMISSION ENERGY BALANCE ENERGY CHARGE ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS ENERGY PLANNERS ENERGY RESOURCES ENERGY SAVINGS ENERGY SECTOR ENERGY USE ENGINEERS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS EXPENDITURES FIXED COSTS FLEXIBILITY FLOW METERS FUEL FUEL CELLS GENERATION GENERATION CAPACITY GREENHOUSE GASES HEAT HEAT DEMAND HEAT DISTRIBUTION HEAT ENERGY HEAT METER HEAT METERING HEAT METERS HEAT PRICING HEAT PRODUCTION HEAT REFORM HEAT REFORMS HEAT SALES HEAT SUBSTATIONS HEAT SUPPLY HEAT TARIFF HEAT TARIFFS HEATING ENERGY HOT WATER HOT WATER SUPPLY INCOME INFLATION INPUT PRICES INVENTORIES KILOWATT-HOUR LABOR PRODUCTIVITY MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COSTS NATURAL GAS PACIFIC REGION PILOT PROJECTS PIPES POLLUTION CONTROL POWER POWER ENERGY POWER SECTOR PRESSURE PRICE SETTING PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTIVITY PROVISION OF HEAT PUMPS RAW COAL RENEWABLE ENERGY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS SOLID FUELS SPACE HEATING SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS SULFUR REMOVAL SUPPLY COSTS SUPPLY EFFICIENCY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TARIFF DESIGN TARIFF STRUCTURE TAXATION THERMAL LOAD THERMAL PERFORMANCE THERMAL POWER TONS OF CARBON TONS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE TOOLS TRANSPORT TURBINES VALVES VARIABLE COSTS WATER FLOW WATER HEATING WESTERN EUROPE WIDENING
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9758464/china-development-national-heat-pricing-billing-policy http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17908

Description
Summary:	Market-based reforms in China's urban centralized heating sector are essential to addressing the perpetual inefficiency of a sector built on welfare based principles. The reform of heat pricing and billing is a crucial part of overall heat reform, since it will commodity heat and thus create economic incentives to provide and use heat much more efficiently. Heat pricing and billing reform requires substantial changes in four interrelated areas: (i) transfer of heat payment responsibility from work units to consumers, a change from invisible to visible heat subsidies and an improved targeted subsidy system; (ii) determination of an economically efficient and equitable heat pricing system; (iii) promotion of heat metering, consumer control of heat consumption and consumption based billing; and (iv) improvement of the system of heat price administration.

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