What Do We Know about Growth Patterns in Pakistan?
This paper explores stylized facts of Pakistan's growth patterns. It identifies the short-lived predominant character of its increasingly scarce growth accelerations, the average volatility of the growth rate by international standards, the hi...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/19311561/know-growth-patterns-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17875 |
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okr-10986-178752021-04-23T14:03:40Z What Do We Know about Growth Patterns in Pakistan? López-Cálix, J.R. Srinivasan, T.G. Waheed, Muhammad ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK ACCOUNTING MODELS ACTUAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ANNUAL GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATES BLOATED BUREAUCRACY CAPITA GROWTH CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL STOCK COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT RETURNS CORRELATION COEFFICIENT DATA QUALITY DEBT DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC SAVING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL TERMS EMPLOYMENT EXTERNAL SHOCKS FACTOR ACCUMULATION FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION FINANCIAL SECTOR FISCAL DEFICITS FLUCTUATIONS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GDP GLOBAL ECONOMY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH ACCELERATIONS GROWTH ACCOUNTING GROWTH DIAGNOSTICS GROWTH INVESTMENT GROWTH MODELS GROWTH PATTERN GROWTH PERFORMANCE GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES GROWTH THEORY GROWTH VOLATILITY GROWTH WITHOUT DEVELOPMENT HIGH GROWTH HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INFLATION RATES INHERITANCE INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUT LABOR SUPPLY LEVEL PLAYING FIELD LONG RUN LOW INFLATION MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMICS MASS EDUCATION NEGATIVE IMPACT OUTPUT GROWTH PAYMENT CRISIS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY STANCE POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTABILITY POLITICAL STABILITY POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE STABILITY PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RAPID GROWTH RATE OF GROWTH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL GDP REMITTANCES RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SAVING RATE SECTOR REFORMS SHORTAGES SIGNIFICANT FACTOR STAGFLATION STAGNATION STANDARD DEVIATION STATE OF TECHNOLOGY STRUCTURAL CHANGE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION TECHNICAL CHANGE TFP TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNSKILLED LABOR VOLATILITY This paper explores stylized facts of Pakistan's growth patterns. It identifies the short-lived predominant character of its increasingly scarce growth accelerations, the average volatility of the growth rate by international standards, the high but decreasing correlation between overall growth and agricultural growth, the long term decline of its growth (potential) rate to around 4.5 percent, well below the 6 percent rate of the 1960s or from the 7 percent rate required for absorbing the young labor force. It also explores the dramatically steady fall in productivity during the 2000s (measured by Total Factor Productivity) and, to a lesser extent, capital accumulation as main reasons of such decline. The paper analyzes the role factor accumulation plays in long-term labor reallocation across sectors, with industry stalling, agriculture still playing a major role that goes beyond its own contribution to GDP, and services playing an increasing role in creating employment, but on low productivity jobs. Growth acceleration is not assured and Pakistan will need to create more jobs moving from agriculture to industry and services in activities where productivity is higher, but to do this, curbing the factors that constraint growth overall and sectoral and Total Factor Productivity in particular will be essential. 2014-04-17T14:39:52Z 2014-04-17T14:39:52Z 2012-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/19311561/know-growth-patterns-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17875 English en_US World Bank Policy Paper Series on Pakistan;no. PK 5/12 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper South Asia Pakistan |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK ACCOUNTING MODELS ACTUAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ANNUAL GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATES BLOATED BUREAUCRACY CAPITA GROWTH CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL STOCK COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT RETURNS CORRELATION COEFFICIENT DATA QUALITY DEBT DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC SAVING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL TERMS EMPLOYMENT EXTERNAL SHOCKS FACTOR ACCUMULATION FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION FINANCIAL SECTOR FISCAL DEFICITS FLUCTUATIONS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GDP GLOBAL ECONOMY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH ACCELERATIONS GROWTH ACCOUNTING GROWTH DIAGNOSTICS GROWTH INVESTMENT GROWTH MODELS GROWTH PATTERN GROWTH PERFORMANCE GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES GROWTH THEORY GROWTH VOLATILITY GROWTH WITHOUT DEVELOPMENT HIGH GROWTH HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INFLATION RATES INHERITANCE INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUT LABOR SUPPLY LEVEL PLAYING FIELD LONG RUN LOW INFLATION MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMICS MASS EDUCATION NEGATIVE IMPACT OUTPUT GROWTH PAYMENT CRISIS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY STANCE POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTABILITY POLITICAL STABILITY POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE STABILITY PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RAPID GROWTH RATE OF GROWTH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL GDP REMITTANCES RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SAVING RATE SECTOR REFORMS SHORTAGES SIGNIFICANT FACTOR STAGFLATION STAGNATION STANDARD DEVIATION STATE OF TECHNOLOGY STRUCTURAL CHANGE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION TECHNICAL CHANGE TFP TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNSKILLED LABOR VOLATILITY |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK ACCOUNTING MODELS ACTUAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE ANNUAL GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATES BLOATED BUREAUCRACY CAPITA GROWTH CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL FORMATION CAPITAL STOCK COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT RETURNS CORRELATION COEFFICIENT DATA QUALITY DEBT DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC SAVING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC HISTORY ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REFORM ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL TERMS EMPLOYMENT EXTERNAL SHOCKS FACTOR ACCUMULATION FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION FINANCIAL SECTOR FISCAL DEFICITS FLUCTUATIONS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GDP GLOBAL ECONOMY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH ACCELERATIONS GROWTH ACCOUNTING GROWTH DIAGNOSTICS GROWTH INVESTMENT GROWTH MODELS GROWTH PATTERN GROWTH PERFORMANCE GROWTH POTENTIAL GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES GROWTH THEORY GROWTH VOLATILITY GROWTH WITHOUT DEVELOPMENT HIGH GROWTH HUMAN CAPITAL IMPERFECT COMPETITION INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INFLATION RATES INHERITANCE INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUT LABOR SUPPLY LEVEL PLAYING FIELD LONG RUN LOW INFLATION MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMICS MASS EDUCATION NEGATIVE IMPACT OUTPUT GROWTH PAYMENT CRISIS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY STANCE POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTABILITY POLITICAL STABILITY POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE STABILITY PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RAPID GROWTH RATE OF GROWTH REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL GDP REMITTANCES RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SAVING RATE SECTOR REFORMS SHORTAGES SIGNIFICANT FACTOR STAGFLATION STAGNATION STANDARD DEVIATION STATE OF TECHNOLOGY STRUCTURAL CHANGE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION TECHNICAL CHANGE TFP TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNSKILLED LABOR VOLATILITY López-Cálix, J.R. Srinivasan, T.G. Waheed, Muhammad What Do We Know about Growth Patterns in Pakistan? |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia Pakistan |
| relation |
World Bank Policy Paper Series on Pakistan;no. PK 5/12 |
| description |
This paper explores stylized facts of
Pakistan's growth patterns. It identifies the
short-lived predominant character of its increasingly scarce
growth accelerations, the average volatility of the growth
rate by international standards, the high but decreasing
correlation between overall growth and agricultural growth,
the long term decline of its growth (potential) rate to
around 4.5 percent, well below the 6 percent rate of the
1960s or from the 7 percent rate required for absorbing the
young labor force. It also explores the dramatically steady
fall in productivity during the 2000s (measured by Total
Factor Productivity) and, to a lesser extent, capital
accumulation as main reasons of such decline. The paper
analyzes the role factor accumulation plays in long-term
labor reallocation across sectors, with industry stalling,
agriculture still playing a major role that goes beyond its
own contribution to GDP, and services playing an increasing
role in creating employment, but on low productivity jobs.
Growth acceleration is not assured and Pakistan will need to
create more jobs moving from agriculture to industry and
services in activities where productivity is higher, but to
do this, curbing the factors that constraint growth overall
and sectoral and Total Factor Productivity in particular
will be essential. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| author |
López-Cálix, J.R. Srinivasan, T.G. Waheed, Muhammad |
| author_facet |
López-Cálix, J.R. Srinivasan, T.G. Waheed, Muhammad |
| author_sort |
López-Cálix, J.R. |
| title |
What Do We Know about Growth Patterns in Pakistan? |
| title_short |
What Do We Know about Growth Patterns in Pakistan? |
| title_full |
What Do We Know about Growth Patterns in Pakistan? |
| title_fullStr |
What Do We Know about Growth Patterns in Pakistan? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
What Do We Know about Growth Patterns in Pakistan? |
| title_sort |
what do we know about growth patterns in pakistan? |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/12/19311561/know-growth-patterns-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17875 |
| _version_ |
1764438632205123584 |