The Greening of Macedonia's Public Buildings : Financing Options for the National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2012-18

The Government of Macedonia (GOM) plans to launch a National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings (NPEEPB, or "the program") to achieve energy efficiency (EE) improvements in the buildings sector and meet the strategic target...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Limaye, Dilip, Meyer, Anke
Format: Energy Study
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:
EIB
OIL
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/19243633/greening-macedonias-public-buildings-financing-options-national-program-energy-efficiency-public-buildings-npeepb-former-yugoslav-republic-macedonia-2012-18
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17823
id okr-10986-17823
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS
ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS
APPROACH
AUDITING
AUDITS
AUTONOMY
AVAILABILITY
BALANCE
BANK ACCOUNT
BANK ACCOUNTS
BANK FINANCING
BANKING SECTOR
BIASES
BLOCK GRANTS
BOILER
BOILERS
BORROWER
BORROWING
BUDGETING
BUILDING ENERGY USE
CAPACITY BUILDING
CAPITALIZATION
CARBON
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON FINANCE
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
CLIMATE CHANGE
COLLATERAL
COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
COLLATERALS
COLLECTION SERVICES
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMERCIAL CREDIT
COMMERCIAL DEBT
COMMERCIAL LOANS
COMPETITIVE BIDDING
COST OF ENERGY
CREDIT GUARANTEE
CREDIT LINE
CREDIT LINES
CREDIT PROBLEMS
CREDIT RISK
CREDIT RISKS
CREDITS
CREDITWORTHINESS
DEBT
DEBT FINANCING
DEBT SERVICE
DECENTRALIZATION
DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS
DEPOSIT
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DEVELOPMENT BANKS
DIRECT FINANCING
DISTRICT HEATING
DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM
DONOR FUNDS
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT
EIB
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
ELECTRICITY SAVINGS
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
ELIGIBLE BORROWERS
EMISSION
EMISSIONS
EMPLOYMENT
ENERGY BILLS
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
ENERGY COST SAVINGS
ENERGY COSTS
ENERGY DEMAND
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
ENERGY PRICES
ENERGY PRICING
ENERGY SAVINGS
ENERGY SUPPLY
ENERGY USE
ENVIRONMENTAL
EQUIPMENT
EVALUATION CRITERIA
EXTERNAL FINANCING
FACILITATION
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL DATA
FINANCIAL EXPERTISE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MEANS
FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
FINANCIAL SERVICES
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FINANCING COSTS
FINANCING NEEDS
FINANCING SOURCES
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION
FLEXIBLE FINANCING
FLOW OF FUNDS
FUEL
FUELS
FUND MANAGEMENT
FUND MANAGER
FUNDING SOURCES
FUNDS FLOW
GOVERNMENT BUDGET
GOVERNMENT GRANTS
GREENHOUSE GAS
HEAT
HEATING ENERGY
HEATING SYSTEMS
HIGH INTEREST RATES
HOT WATER
HOT WATER SUPPLY
HOUSING
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
INCENTIVES TO SAVE
INCOME TAX
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
INITIAL FUNDING
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSTRUMENT
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL BANKS
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INVESTMENT BANK
INVESTMENT CAPITAL
INVESTMENT FUNDS
INVESTMENT GRANTS
INVESTMENT PLAN
KILOWATT-HOUR
KILOWATT-HOURS
LACK OF AWARENESS
LACK OF INFORMATION
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
LAWS
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGISLATION
LENDER
LENDERS
LIEN
LIMITED ACCESS
LIMITED BORROWING CAPACITY
LOAN
LOAN APPRAISALS
LOAN FINANCING
LOAN GUARANTEES
LOAN PRODUCT
LOCAL BANK
LOCAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
MARKET DEVELOPMENT
MARKET INTEREST RATES
MARKET POWER
MATURITIES
MUNICIPAL BONDS
MUNICIPAL CREDIT
MUNICIPALITIES
OIL
OIL EQUIVALENT
OPERATING COSTS
OPERATIONAL COSTS
OUTREACH
PARTIAL CREDIT
PAYBACK PERIOD
PAYMENT DEFAULTS
PEER REVIEW
PIPELINE
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
POTENTIAL INVESTMENT
POWER
PRESENT VALUE
PRIMARY ENERGY
PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
PRIVATE BANKS
PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
PROMOTION OF INVESTMENTS
PROPERTY TAX
PUBLIC AGENCIES
PUBLIC BUDGETS
PUBLIC CREDIT
PUBLIC FACILITIES
PUBLIC FUNDS
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
PUBLIC SERVICES
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
REPAYMENT
REPAYMENT GUARANTEE
REPAYMENTS
RETIREMENT
REVOLVING FUND
RISK MANAGEMENT
SOCIAL SERVICES
STREAMS
SUBORDINATED DEBT
SUPERVISORY BOARD
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
TAX PAYMENTS
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
THERMAL ENERGY
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
TRANSPORT
TREATY
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNION
UTILITY BILLS
UTILIZATION OF ENERGY
spellingShingle ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS
ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS
APPROACH
AUDITING
AUDITS
AUTONOMY
AVAILABILITY
BALANCE
BANK ACCOUNT
BANK ACCOUNTS
BANK FINANCING
BANKING SECTOR
BIASES
BLOCK GRANTS
BOILER
BOILERS
BORROWER
BORROWING
BUDGETING
BUILDING ENERGY USE
CAPACITY BUILDING
CAPITALIZATION
CARBON
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON FINANCE
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
CLIMATE CHANGE
COLLATERAL
COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
COLLATERALS
COLLECTION SERVICES
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMERCIAL CREDIT
COMMERCIAL DEBT
COMMERCIAL LOANS
COMPETITIVE BIDDING
COST OF ENERGY
CREDIT GUARANTEE
CREDIT LINE
CREDIT LINES
CREDIT PROBLEMS
CREDIT RISK
CREDIT RISKS
CREDITS
CREDITWORTHINESS
DEBT
DEBT FINANCING
DEBT SERVICE
DECENTRALIZATION
DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS
DEPOSIT
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DEVELOPMENT BANKS
DIRECT FINANCING
DISTRICT HEATING
DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM
DONOR FUNDS
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT
EIB
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
ELECTRICITY SAVINGS
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
ELIGIBLE BORROWERS
EMISSION
EMISSIONS
EMPLOYMENT
ENERGY BILLS
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
ENERGY COST SAVINGS
ENERGY COSTS
ENERGY DEMAND
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
ENERGY PRICES
ENERGY PRICING
ENERGY SAVINGS
ENERGY SUPPLY
ENERGY USE
ENVIRONMENTAL
EQUIPMENT
EVALUATION CRITERIA
EXTERNAL FINANCING
FACILITATION
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL DATA
FINANCIAL EXPERTISE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MEANS
FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
FINANCIAL SERVICES
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FINANCING COSTS
FINANCING NEEDS
FINANCING SOURCES
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION
FLEXIBLE FINANCING
FLOW OF FUNDS
FUEL
FUELS
FUND MANAGEMENT
FUND MANAGER
FUNDING SOURCES
FUNDS FLOW
GOVERNMENT BUDGET
GOVERNMENT GRANTS
GREENHOUSE GAS
HEAT
HEATING ENERGY
HEATING SYSTEMS
HIGH INTEREST RATES
HOT WATER
HOT WATER SUPPLY
HOUSING
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
INCENTIVES TO SAVE
INCOME TAX
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
INITIAL FUNDING
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSTRUMENT
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL BANKS
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INVESTMENT BANK
INVESTMENT CAPITAL
INVESTMENT FUNDS
INVESTMENT GRANTS
INVESTMENT PLAN
KILOWATT-HOUR
KILOWATT-HOURS
LACK OF AWARENESS
LACK OF INFORMATION
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
LAWS
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGISLATION
LENDER
LENDERS
LIEN
LIMITED ACCESS
LIMITED BORROWING CAPACITY
LOAN
LOAN APPRAISALS
LOAN FINANCING
LOAN GUARANTEES
LOAN PRODUCT
LOCAL BANK
LOCAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
MARKET DEVELOPMENT
MARKET INTEREST RATES
MARKET POWER
MATURITIES
MUNICIPAL BONDS
MUNICIPAL CREDIT
MUNICIPALITIES
OIL
OIL EQUIVALENT
OPERATING COSTS
OPERATIONAL COSTS
OUTREACH
PARTIAL CREDIT
PAYBACK PERIOD
PAYMENT DEFAULTS
PEER REVIEW
PIPELINE
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
POTENTIAL INVESTMENT
POWER
PRESENT VALUE
PRIMARY ENERGY
PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
PRIVATE BANKS
PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
PROMOTION OF INVESTMENTS
PROPERTY TAX
PUBLIC AGENCIES
PUBLIC BUDGETS
PUBLIC CREDIT
PUBLIC FACILITIES
PUBLIC FUNDS
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
PUBLIC SERVICES
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
REPAYMENT
REPAYMENT GUARANTEE
REPAYMENTS
RETIREMENT
REVOLVING FUND
RISK MANAGEMENT
SOCIAL SERVICES
STREAMS
SUBORDINATED DEBT
SUPERVISORY BOARD
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
TAX PAYMENTS
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
THERMAL ENERGY
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
TRANSPORT
TREATY
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNION
UTILITY BILLS
UTILIZATION OF ENERGY
Limaye, Dilip
Meyer, Anke
The Greening of Macedonia's Public Buildings : Financing Options for the National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2012-18
geographic_facet Europe and Central Asia
Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of
North Macedonia (Formerly the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
description The Government of Macedonia (GOM) plans to launch a National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings (NPEEPB, or "the program") to achieve energy efficiency (EE) improvements in the buildings sector and meet the strategic targets outlined in the energy development strategy of the Republic of Macedonia until 2030, the EE strategy until 2020, and the national EE action plan in 2010-18. The NPEEPB, coordinated by the Ministry of Economy (MOE), aims to retrofit existing public buildings and to lead by example in the implementation of EE measures. Its targets are public buildings that are used for administrative and other activities of public interest and that are fully owned by government institutions or municipalities. This report focuses on the financing mechanisms that are considered the best fit with the institutional environment to achieve the goals of the NPEEPB, and describes in detail the implementation of the proposed financing mechanisms: a full-service EE fund, a dedicated EE credit line, and a municipal EE improvement program implemented within the government. The national EE target is a 9 percent savings in final energy consumption by 2018, compared to average energy consumption in 2002-06. The NPEEPB target for energy savings in public buildings is 13.6 thousand tons of oil equivalents (ktoe) 2 per year, which is about 56 percent of the national EE target for the commercial and service sector.
format Economic & Sector Work :: Energy Study
author Limaye, Dilip
Meyer, Anke
author_facet Limaye, Dilip
Meyer, Anke
author_sort Limaye, Dilip
title The Greening of Macedonia's Public Buildings : Financing Options for the National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2012-18
title_short The Greening of Macedonia's Public Buildings : Financing Options for the National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2012-18
title_full The Greening of Macedonia's Public Buildings : Financing Options for the National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2012-18
title_fullStr The Greening of Macedonia's Public Buildings : Financing Options for the National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2012-18
title_full_unstemmed The Greening of Macedonia's Public Buildings : Financing Options for the National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2012-18
title_sort greening of macedonia's public buildings : financing options for the national program for energy efficiency in public buildings in the former yugoslav republic of macedonia, 2012-18
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2014
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/19243633/greening-macedonias-public-buildings-financing-options-national-program-energy-efficiency-public-buildings-npeepb-former-yugoslav-republic-macedonia-2012-18
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17823
_version_ 1764438471353565184
spelling okr-10986-178232021-04-23T14:03:40Z The Greening of Macedonia's Public Buildings : Financing Options for the National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2012-18 Limaye, Dilip Meyer, Anke ACCOUNTING ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS APPROACH AUDITING AUDITS AUTONOMY AVAILABILITY BALANCE BANK ACCOUNT BANK ACCOUNTS BANK FINANCING BANKING SECTOR BIASES BLOCK GRANTS BOILER BOILERS BORROWER BORROWING BUDGETING BUILDING ENERGY USE CAPACITY BUILDING CAPITALIZATION CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON FINANCE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CHANGE COLLATERAL COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS COLLATERALS COLLECTION SERVICES COMMERCIAL BANK COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMERCIAL CREDIT COMMERCIAL DEBT COMMERCIAL LOANS COMPETITIVE BIDDING COST OF ENERGY CREDIT GUARANTEE CREDIT LINE CREDIT LINES CREDIT PROBLEMS CREDIT RISK CREDIT RISKS CREDITS CREDITWORTHINESS DEBT DEBT FINANCING DEBT SERVICE DECENTRALIZATION DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS DEPOSIT DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT BANKS DIRECT FINANCING DISTRICT HEATING DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM DONOR FUNDS EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT EIB ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY SAVINGS ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ELIGIBLE BORROWERS EMISSION EMISSIONS EMPLOYMENT ENERGY BILLS ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY COST SAVINGS ENERGY COSTS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ENERGY MANAGEMENT ENERGY PRICES ENERGY PRICING ENERGY SAVINGS ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EQUIPMENT EVALUATION CRITERIA EXTERNAL FINANCING FACILITATION FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL DATA FINANCIAL EXPERTISE FINANCIAL INSTITUTION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MEANS FINANCIAL PRODUCTS FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINANCING COSTS FINANCING NEEDS FINANCING SOURCES FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION FLEXIBLE FINANCING FLOW OF FUNDS FUEL FUELS FUND MANAGEMENT FUND MANAGER FUNDING SOURCES FUNDS FLOW GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT GRANTS GREENHOUSE GAS HEAT HEATING ENERGY HEATING SYSTEMS HIGH INTEREST RATES HOT WATER HOT WATER SUPPLY HOUSING IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES INCENTIVES TO SAVE INCOME TAX INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INITIAL FUNDING INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSTRUMENT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL BANKS INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INVESTMENT BANK INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENT FUNDS INVESTMENT GRANTS INVESTMENT PLAN KILOWATT-HOUR KILOWATT-HOURS LACK OF AWARENESS LACK OF INFORMATION LACK OF KNOWLEDGE LAWS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGISLATION LENDER LENDERS LIEN LIMITED ACCESS LIMITED BORROWING CAPACITY LOAN LOAN APPRAISALS LOAN FINANCING LOAN GUARANTEES LOAN PRODUCT LOCAL BANK LOCAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MARKET DEVELOPMENT MARKET INTEREST RATES MARKET POWER MATURITIES MUNICIPAL BONDS MUNICIPAL CREDIT MUNICIPALITIES OIL OIL EQUIVALENT OPERATING COSTS OPERATIONAL COSTS OUTREACH PARTIAL CREDIT PAYBACK PERIOD PAYMENT DEFAULTS PEER REVIEW PIPELINE PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL INVESTMENT POWER PRESENT VALUE PRIMARY ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PRIVATE BANKS PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS PROMOTION OF INVESTMENTS PROPERTY TAX PUBLIC AGENCIES PUBLIC BUDGETS PUBLIC CREDIT PUBLIC FACILITIES PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS RENEWABLE RESOURCES REPAYMENT REPAYMENT GUARANTEE REPAYMENTS RETIREMENT REVOLVING FUND RISK MANAGEMENT SOCIAL SERVICES STREAMS SUBORDINATED DEBT SUPERVISORY BOARD SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TAX PAYMENTS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE THERMAL ENERGY TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TRANSPORT TREATY UNEMPLOYMENT UNION UTILITY BILLS UTILIZATION OF ENERGY The Government of Macedonia (GOM) plans to launch a National Program for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings (NPEEPB, or "the program") to achieve energy efficiency (EE) improvements in the buildings sector and meet the strategic targets outlined in the energy development strategy of the Republic of Macedonia until 2030, the EE strategy until 2020, and the national EE action plan in 2010-18. The NPEEPB, coordinated by the Ministry of Economy (MOE), aims to retrofit existing public buildings and to lead by example in the implementation of EE measures. Its targets are public buildings that are used for administrative and other activities of public interest and that are fully owned by government institutions or municipalities. This report focuses on the financing mechanisms that are considered the best fit with the institutional environment to achieve the goals of the NPEEPB, and describes in detail the implementation of the proposed financing mechanisms: a full-service EE fund, a dedicated EE credit line, and a municipal EE improvement program implemented within the government. The national EE target is a 9 percent savings in final energy consumption by 2018, compared to average energy consumption in 2002-06. The NPEEPB target for energy savings in public buildings is 13.6 thousand tons of oil equivalents (ktoe) 2 per year, which is about 56 percent of the national EE target for the commercial and service sector. 2014-04-16T14:26:00Z 2014-04-16T14:26:00Z 2014 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/19243633/greening-macedonias-public-buildings-financing-options-national-program-energy-efficiency-public-buildings-npeepb-former-yugoslav-republic-macedonia-2012-18 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17823 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Energy Study Europe and Central Asia Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of North Macedonia (Formerly the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)