Urbanization and (In)Formalization

Inexorable urbanization and formalization have been the expectations in development discourse. Indeed, measures of urbanization and formalization have been provided and used as indicators of development. But while urbanization has proceeded apace i...

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Main Authors: Ghani, Ejaz, Kanbur, Ravi
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18868575/urbanization-formalization
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17744
id okr-10986-17744
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-177442021-04-23T14:03:40Z Urbanization and (In)Formalization Ghani, Ejaz Kanbur, Ravi AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES BASIC SERVICES CONCERN OF POLICY MAKERS CREATING JOBS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARNING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECOSYSTEM EDUCATED MIGRANTS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT RESEARCH EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES EXTERNALITIES FIRM SIZE FORMAL SECTOR WAGE INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES JOB CREATION JOBS LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR LAWS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR REGULATIONS LABOUR LAND USE LAND USE REGULATIONS LARGE CITIES LARGE POPULATION LEVELS OF PRODUCTIVITY LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE LOCAL POPULATION LOCATION DECISIONS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES METROPOLITAN AREAS MIGRANTS MINIMUM WAGE MODERNIZATION NATIONAL AUTHORITIES NEWSLETTER OCCUPATIONS PACE OF URBANIZATION PAYING JOBS PERMANENT SETTLEMENT PLANT PRODUCTIVITY POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY RESPONSE POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY GAINS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY SAFETY NET SANITATION SELF EMPLOYED SERVICE DELIVERY SKILLED WORKERS SLUMS SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL PROGRAMS STEEL FACTORY SUPPLIERS TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN MIGRATION URBAN POLICIES URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN POVERTY URBAN RESEARCH URBAN SECTOR URBAN SERVICES URBAN SETTLEMENTS URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT URBANIZATION VULNERABILITY WORKER WORKFORCE YOUNG MEN Inexorable urbanization and formalization have been the expectations in development discourse. Indeed, measures of urbanization and formalization have been provided and used as indicators of development. But while urbanization has proceeded apace in developing countries, formalization has slowed significantly over the past quarter century. These disconnect raises questions for development analysis and development policy. Why did one expect urbanization and formalization to go together in the first place? Is the link between urbanization and formalization more complex than what had once thought? What then explains the recent disconnect between urbanization and formalization? Is formalization a reasonable policy goal? May urbanization policies and formalization policies conflict? If so, what can be done to resolve the conflicts? These are the questions this paper addresses. The paper has three core sections. The first section asks what exactly is meant by formality and informality. The second section turns to urbanization processes and asks how they intersect with and interact with the incentives to formalize. The third section looks at policy. Each view of how urbanization feeds formalization has distinctive policy conclusions. 2014-04-11T14:13:02Z 2014-04-11T14:13:02Z 2013-11 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18868575/urbanization-formalization http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17744 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES
BASIC SERVICES
CONCERN OF POLICY MAKERS
CREATING JOBS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
EARNING
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECOSYSTEM
EDUCATED MIGRANTS
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH
EMPLOYMENT RESEARCH
EMPLOYMENT SHARE
EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES
EXTERNALITIES
FIRM SIZE
FORMAL SECTOR WAGE
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY
INDUSTRIALIZATION
INFORMAL ECONOMY
INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
INFORMAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES
JOB CREATION
JOBS
LABOR COSTS
LABOR FORCE
LABOR LAWS
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES
LABOR MARKETS
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
LABOR REGULATIONS
LABOUR
LAND USE
LAND USE REGULATIONS
LARGE CITIES
LARGE POPULATION
LEVELS OF PRODUCTIVITY
LIVING CONDITIONS
LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE
LOCAL POPULATION
LOCATION DECISIONS
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
METROPOLITAN AREAS
MIGRANTS
MINIMUM WAGE
MODERNIZATION
NATIONAL AUTHORITIES
NEWSLETTER
OCCUPATIONS
PACE OF URBANIZATION
PAYING JOBS
PERMANENT SETTLEMENT
PLANT PRODUCTIVITY
POLICY DISCUSSIONS
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
POLICY MAKERS
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POLICY RESPONSE
POPULATION DENSITY
POPULATION INCREASES
PRODUCTIVITY GAINS
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PROGRESS
PROPERTY RIGHTS
PURCHASING POWER
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
ROADS
RURAL AREAS
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
RURAL EMPLOYMENT
RURAL POPULATION
RURAL POVERTY
SAFETY NET
SANITATION
SELF EMPLOYED
SERVICE DELIVERY
SKILLED WORKERS
SLUMS
SMALL ENTERPRISES
SOCIAL COHESION
SOCIAL POLICY
SOCIAL PROGRAMS
STEEL FACTORY
SUPPLIERS
TAXATION
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
TRANSPORTATION
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT
URBAN
URBAN AREA
URBAN AREAS
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
URBAN EMPLOYMENT
URBAN MIGRATION
URBAN POLICIES
URBAN POPULATION
URBAN POPULATIONS
URBAN POVERTY
URBAN RESEARCH
URBAN SECTOR
URBAN SERVICES
URBAN SETTLEMENTS
URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT
URBANIZATION
VULNERABILITY
WORKER
WORKFORCE
YOUNG MEN
spellingShingle AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES
BASIC SERVICES
CONCERN OF POLICY MAKERS
CREATING JOBS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
EARNING
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECOSYSTEM
EDUCATED MIGRANTS
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH
EMPLOYMENT RESEARCH
EMPLOYMENT SHARE
EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES
EXTERNALITIES
FIRM SIZE
FORMAL SECTOR WAGE
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY
INDUSTRIALIZATION
INFORMAL ECONOMY
INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
INFORMAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES
JOB CREATION
JOBS
LABOR COSTS
LABOR FORCE
LABOR LAWS
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES
LABOR MARKETS
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
LABOR REGULATIONS
LABOUR
LAND USE
LAND USE REGULATIONS
LARGE CITIES
LARGE POPULATION
LEVELS OF PRODUCTIVITY
LIVING CONDITIONS
LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE
LOCAL POPULATION
LOCATION DECISIONS
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
METROPOLITAN AREAS
MIGRANTS
MINIMUM WAGE
MODERNIZATION
NATIONAL AUTHORITIES
NEWSLETTER
OCCUPATIONS
PACE OF URBANIZATION
PAYING JOBS
PERMANENT SETTLEMENT
PLANT PRODUCTIVITY
POLICY DISCUSSIONS
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
POLICY MAKERS
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POLICY RESPONSE
POPULATION DENSITY
POPULATION INCREASES
PRODUCTIVITY GAINS
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PROGRESS
PROPERTY RIGHTS
PURCHASING POWER
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
ROADS
RURAL AREAS
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
RURAL EMPLOYMENT
RURAL POPULATION
RURAL POVERTY
SAFETY NET
SANITATION
SELF EMPLOYED
SERVICE DELIVERY
SKILLED WORKERS
SLUMS
SMALL ENTERPRISES
SOCIAL COHESION
SOCIAL POLICY
SOCIAL PROGRAMS
STEEL FACTORY
SUPPLIERS
TAXATION
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
TRANSPORTATION
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT
URBAN
URBAN AREA
URBAN AREAS
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
URBAN EMPLOYMENT
URBAN MIGRATION
URBAN POLICIES
URBAN POPULATION
URBAN POPULATIONS
URBAN POVERTY
URBAN RESEARCH
URBAN SECTOR
URBAN SERVICES
URBAN SETTLEMENTS
URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT
URBANIZATION
VULNERABILITY
WORKER
WORKFORCE
YOUNG MEN
Ghani, Ejaz
Kanbur, Ravi
Urbanization and (In)Formalization
description Inexorable urbanization and formalization have been the expectations in development discourse. Indeed, measures of urbanization and formalization have been provided and used as indicators of development. But while urbanization has proceeded apace in developing countries, formalization has slowed significantly over the past quarter century. These disconnect raises questions for development analysis and development policy. Why did one expect urbanization and formalization to go together in the first place? Is the link between urbanization and formalization more complex than what had once thought? What then explains the recent disconnect between urbanization and formalization? Is formalization a reasonable policy goal? May urbanization policies and formalization policies conflict? If so, what can be done to resolve the conflicts? These are the questions this paper addresses. The paper has three core sections. The first section asks what exactly is meant by formality and informality. The second section turns to urbanization processes and asks how they intersect with and interact with the incentives to formalize. The third section looks at policy. Each view of how urbanization feeds formalization has distinctive policy conclusions.
format Publications & Research :: Working Paper
author Ghani, Ejaz
Kanbur, Ravi
author_facet Ghani, Ejaz
Kanbur, Ravi
author_sort Ghani, Ejaz
title Urbanization and (In)Formalization
title_short Urbanization and (In)Formalization
title_full Urbanization and (In)Formalization
title_fullStr Urbanization and (In)Formalization
title_full_unstemmed Urbanization and (In)Formalization
title_sort urbanization and (in)formalization
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2014
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18868575/urbanization-formalization
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17744
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