Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy
In most large cities in developing countries, buses continue to be the public transport option of choice, carrying a large share of urban travelers. However, transit bus companies in these countries are often cash-strapped. In many cases, the opera...
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| Format: | ESMAP Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/01/16259489/best-operational-maintenance-practices-city-bus-fleets-maximize-fuel-economy-energy-efficient-cities-initiative http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17498 |
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okr-10986-17498 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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English en_US |
| topic |
ACCELERATION ACCELERATOR PEDAL AIR AIR CLEANER AIR CONDITIONER AIR FILTERS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AUTO MANUFACTURERS AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION AXLES BLACK SMOKE BRAKES BUS AVAILABILITY BUS COMPANIES BUS COMPANY BUS COSTS BUS DATA BUS DEPOTS BUS DRIVERS BUS FARES BUS FLEET BUS FLEETS BUS OPERATING BUS OPERATING COMPANIES BUS OPERATING COSTS BUS OPERATIONS BUS OPERATOR BUS OPERATORS BUS PASSENGER BUS REPLACEMENT BUS ROUTE BUS SERVICES BUS SYSTEMS BUS TRANSIT BUS TRANSPORT BUS TRANSPORTATION BUS TRAVEL BUS TYPE BUSES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CAR CARBON MONOXIDE CARS CERTIFICATION LEVELS CITY BUS CITY BUSES CITY TRANSIT CLEAN DIESEL CLIMATE CHANGE CLOGGING CLUTCH COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONGESTION CORROSION COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CYCLING DAILY TRAVEL DIESEL DIESEL BUS DIESEL BUSES DIESEL SOOT DRIVER BEHAVIOR DRIVER EDUCATION DRIVER TRAINING DRIVERS TRAINING DRIVING DRIVING CONDITIONS DRIVING STYLE ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM EMISSION EMISSION CERTIFICATION EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSIONS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENGINE ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EXHAUST EMISSIONS EXHAUST PIPE EXHAUST SYSTEM EXPENDITURES ON FUEL FILTERS FIXED COSTS FLEET MANAGEMENT FLEET OPERATORS FLEET SIZE FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COSTS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL ECONOMY IMPROVEMENT FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY DATA FUEL INJECTION FUEL SAVINGS FUEL USE FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING FUELS GARAGES GAS PRESSURE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES HYDROCARBONS INJECTION NOZZLE INJECTION NOZZLES INJECTION PUMP INJECTION TIMING INSPECTION MILEAGE MOBILITY NATURAL GAS BUSES NOISE O&M ODOMETER PARTICULATE MATTER PASSENGER CAPACITY PERIODIC MAINTENANCE POLLUTION PRIVATE OPERATORS PRIVATE VEHICLE PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RAPID BUS RIDER ROAD ROAD SAFETY ROAD TRANSPORT ROADWAYS ROUTE ROUTES SAFE DRIVING SHARING SMOKE OPACITY SPARK PLUGS SPEEDS STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT TEMPERATURE TIRES TRAIN DRIVERS TRANSIT TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION TRANSIT AGENCIES TRANSIT AGENCY TRANSIT AUTHORITIES TRANSIT AUTHORITY TRANSIT BUS TRANSIT OPERATIONS TRANSIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES TRANSPORT RESEARCH TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TRANSPORTATION FARES TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRIPS TRUE URBAN BUS URBAN BUS TRANSIT URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSIT URBAN TRANSPORTATION URBAN TRAVELERS URBANIZATION VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE MODEL VEHICLES VIBRATION WALKING WHEELS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCELERATION ACCELERATOR PEDAL AIR AIR CLEANER AIR CONDITIONER AIR FILTERS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AUTO MANUFACTURERS AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION AXLES BLACK SMOKE BRAKES BUS AVAILABILITY BUS COMPANIES BUS COMPANY BUS COSTS BUS DATA BUS DEPOTS BUS DRIVERS BUS FARES BUS FLEET BUS FLEETS BUS OPERATING BUS OPERATING COMPANIES BUS OPERATING COSTS BUS OPERATIONS BUS OPERATOR BUS OPERATORS BUS PASSENGER BUS REPLACEMENT BUS ROUTE BUS SERVICES BUS SYSTEMS BUS TRANSIT BUS TRANSPORT BUS TRANSPORTATION BUS TRAVEL BUS TYPE BUSES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CAR CARBON MONOXIDE CARS CERTIFICATION LEVELS CITY BUS CITY BUSES CITY TRANSIT CLEAN DIESEL CLIMATE CHANGE CLOGGING CLUTCH COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONGESTION CORROSION COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CYCLING DAILY TRAVEL DIESEL DIESEL BUS DIESEL BUSES DIESEL SOOT DRIVER BEHAVIOR DRIVER EDUCATION DRIVER TRAINING DRIVERS TRAINING DRIVING DRIVING CONDITIONS DRIVING STYLE ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM EMISSION EMISSION CERTIFICATION EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSIONS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENGINE ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EXHAUST EMISSIONS EXHAUST PIPE EXHAUST SYSTEM EXPENDITURES ON FUEL FILTERS FIXED COSTS FLEET MANAGEMENT FLEET OPERATORS FLEET SIZE FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COSTS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL ECONOMY IMPROVEMENT FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY DATA FUEL INJECTION FUEL SAVINGS FUEL USE FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING FUELS GARAGES GAS PRESSURE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES HYDROCARBONS INJECTION NOZZLE INJECTION NOZZLES INJECTION PUMP INJECTION TIMING INSPECTION MILEAGE MOBILITY NATURAL GAS BUSES NOISE O&M ODOMETER PARTICULATE MATTER PASSENGER CAPACITY PERIODIC MAINTENANCE POLLUTION PRIVATE OPERATORS PRIVATE VEHICLE PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RAPID BUS RIDER ROAD ROAD SAFETY ROAD TRANSPORT ROADWAYS ROUTE ROUTES SAFE DRIVING SHARING SMOKE OPACITY SPARK PLUGS SPEEDS STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT TEMPERATURE TIRES TRAIN DRIVERS TRANSIT TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION TRANSIT AGENCIES TRANSIT AGENCY TRANSIT AUTHORITIES TRANSIT AUTHORITY TRANSIT BUS TRANSIT OPERATIONS TRANSIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES TRANSPORT RESEARCH TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TRANSPORTATION FARES TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRIPS TRUE URBAN BUS URBAN BUS TRANSIT URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSIT URBAN TRANSPORTATION URBAN TRAVELERS URBANIZATION VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE MODEL VEHICLES VIBRATION WALKING WHEELS World Bank Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy |
| relation |
Energy Sector Management Assistance Program;briefing note 010/11. Guidance note |
| description |
In most large cities in developing
countries, buses continue to be the public transport option
of choice, carrying a large share of urban travelers.
However, transit bus companies in these countries are often
cash-strapped. In many cases, the operating cost per bus
kilometer exceeds revenues and bus fares are often kept low
irrespective of the cost of providing service. Many cities
are dominated by old and fuel-intensive buses with high
operating costs. Transit systems are also often plagued by
overcrowded and undependable service, congested roadways and
chaotic operating environments. Across the board, city
officials in developing countries are under strong pressure
to improve the efficiency and enhance the attractiveness of
bus transportation. Fuel makes up a relatively large
fraction of total bus operating costs, especially when labor
costs are low, as in many developing countries. Fuel costs
can be reduced by improving the driving style of bus drivers
and through sound maintenance practices. A safe and
economical driving style can reduce variable costs, decrease
down time due to repair work and maintenance, mitigate
negative environmental impacts and improve road safety.
Similarly, well-maintained buses that are properly tuned and
adjusted tend to be cleaner, safer and consume less fuel
than poorly maintained vehicles. This guidance note provides
detailed and practical recommendations on how city bus
operations managers and their technical staff can plan and
implement such enhancements to their fleets through
Operations and Maintenance (O&M) practices without
significant capital investments. By implementing such
recommendations, municipal officials and bus operators can
increase the efficiency and fuel economy of their bus
systems and reduce their cities' energy consumption,
congestion and pollution. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy |
| title_short |
Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy |
| title_full |
Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy |
| title_fullStr |
Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy |
| title_sort |
best operational and maintenance practices for city bus fleets to maximize fuel economy |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/01/16259489/best-operational-maintenance-practices-city-bus-fleets-maximize-fuel-economy-energy-efficient-cities-initiative http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17498 |
| _version_ |
1764437726661181440 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-174982021-04-23T14:03:38Z Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy World Bank ACCELERATION ACCELERATOR PEDAL AIR AIR CLEANER AIR CONDITIONER AIR FILTERS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AUTO MANUFACTURERS AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION AXLES BLACK SMOKE BRAKES BUS AVAILABILITY BUS COMPANIES BUS COMPANY BUS COSTS BUS DATA BUS DEPOTS BUS DRIVERS BUS FARES BUS FLEET BUS FLEETS BUS OPERATING BUS OPERATING COMPANIES BUS OPERATING COSTS BUS OPERATIONS BUS OPERATOR BUS OPERATORS BUS PASSENGER BUS REPLACEMENT BUS ROUTE BUS SERVICES BUS SYSTEMS BUS TRANSIT BUS TRANSPORT BUS TRANSPORTATION BUS TRAVEL BUS TYPE BUSES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CAR CARBON MONOXIDE CARS CERTIFICATION LEVELS CITY BUS CITY BUSES CITY TRANSIT CLEAN DIESEL CLIMATE CHANGE CLOGGING CLUTCH COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONGESTION CORROSION COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CYCLING DAILY TRAVEL DIESEL DIESEL BUS DIESEL BUSES DIESEL SOOT DRIVER BEHAVIOR DRIVER EDUCATION DRIVER TRAINING DRIVERS TRAINING DRIVING DRIVING CONDITIONS DRIVING STYLE ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM EMISSION EMISSION CERTIFICATION EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSIONS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENGINE ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EXHAUST EMISSIONS EXHAUST PIPE EXHAUST SYSTEM EXPENDITURES ON FUEL FILTERS FIXED COSTS FLEET MANAGEMENT FLEET OPERATORS FLEET SIZE FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST FUEL COSTS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL ECONOMY IMPROVEMENT FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY DATA FUEL INJECTION FUEL SAVINGS FUEL USE FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING FUELS GARAGES GAS PRESSURE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES HYDROCARBONS INJECTION NOZZLE INJECTION NOZZLES INJECTION PUMP INJECTION TIMING INSPECTION MILEAGE MOBILITY NATURAL GAS BUSES NOISE O&M ODOMETER PARTICULATE MATTER PASSENGER CAPACITY PERIODIC MAINTENANCE POLLUTION PRIVATE OPERATORS PRIVATE VEHICLE PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RAPID BUS RIDER ROAD ROAD SAFETY ROAD TRANSPORT ROADWAYS ROUTE ROUTES SAFE DRIVING SHARING SMOKE OPACITY SPARK PLUGS SPEEDS STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT TEMPERATURE TIRES TRAIN DRIVERS TRANSIT TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION TRANSIT AGENCIES TRANSIT AGENCY TRANSIT AUTHORITIES TRANSIT AUTHORITY TRANSIT BUS TRANSIT OPERATIONS TRANSIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES TRANSPORT RESEARCH TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TRANSPORTATION FARES TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRIPS TRUE URBAN BUS URBAN BUS TRANSIT URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSIT URBAN TRANSPORTATION URBAN TRAVELERS URBANIZATION VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE MODEL VEHICLES VIBRATION WALKING WHEELS In most large cities in developing countries, buses continue to be the public transport option of choice, carrying a large share of urban travelers. However, transit bus companies in these countries are often cash-strapped. In many cases, the operating cost per bus kilometer exceeds revenues and bus fares are often kept low irrespective of the cost of providing service. Many cities are dominated by old and fuel-intensive buses with high operating costs. Transit systems are also often plagued by overcrowded and undependable service, congested roadways and chaotic operating environments. Across the board, city officials in developing countries are under strong pressure to improve the efficiency and enhance the attractiveness of bus transportation. Fuel makes up a relatively large fraction of total bus operating costs, especially when labor costs are low, as in many developing countries. Fuel costs can be reduced by improving the driving style of bus drivers and through sound maintenance practices. A safe and economical driving style can reduce variable costs, decrease down time due to repair work and maintenance, mitigate negative environmental impacts and improve road safety. Similarly, well-maintained buses that are properly tuned and adjusted tend to be cleaner, safer and consume less fuel than poorly maintained vehicles. This guidance note provides detailed and practical recommendations on how city bus operations managers and their technical staff can plan and implement such enhancements to their fleets through Operations and Maintenance (O&M) practices without significant capital investments. By implementing such recommendations, municipal officials and bus operators can increase the efficiency and fuel economy of their bus systems and reduce their cities' energy consumption, congestion and pollution. 2014-03-31T14:36:49Z 2014-03-31T14:36:49Z 2011-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/01/16259489/best-operational-maintenance-practices-city-bus-fleets-maximize-fuel-economy-energy-efficient-cities-initiative http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17498 English en_US Energy Sector Management Assistance Program;briefing note 010/11. Guidance note CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper Publications & Research |