Social Gains in the Balance : A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean
In 2012, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region continued its successful drive to reduce poverty and build the middle class. The proportion of the region's 600 million people living in extreme poverty, defined in the region as life on less than $2.50 a day, was cut in half between 200...
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Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17198 |
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okr-10986-17198 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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en_US |
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absolute terms access to education Access to electricity access to running water access to sanitation access to schooling access to services Andean Region annual rate average annual average growth average income basic infrastructure capital accumulation capital gains Caribbean Region cash transfer programs cash transfers concentration coefficients consumption growth country level developed countries developed economies differences in income dimensional poverty direct transfers Disposable Income drivers of poverty reduction earning inequality economic development economic efficiency economic growth economic growth prospects economic performance equal distribution equitable access Estimates of poverty extreme poverty extreme poverty line extreme poverty lines farmers financial crisis GDP Gini coefficient Gini index growth rates health expenditures health insurance high correlation household head household income household survey household survey data Household surveys housing human capital impact analysis incidence analysis Income income concepts income distribution income groups Income growth income inequality income redistribution Income Share Income Source income transfer incomes individual countries inequality inequality reduction intergenerational mobility international poverty lines labor force Labor income labor market labor markets Low income macroeconomic implications macroeconomic stability Market Income mean income middle class minimum level negative coefficients net effect nutrition pensions per capita growth per capita growth rate per capita income Personal income Personal income taxes policy implications poor poor people poorer areas poverty changes poverty indices poverty lines poverty rate Poverty rates Poverty reduction poverty reduction strategy power parity private consumption private transfers productive potential Public expenditure public expenditures public goods public investment public spending public transfers quality of life real per capita income redistributional impact redistributive impact reducing inequality reducing poverty reduction in poverty reduction of income regional data regional growth regional level regional poverty regional reports running water rural rural areas rural household rural households rural regions sanitation school attendance schooling significant differences significant impact social progress social security social spending sub-region sub-regions sustainable growth targeting taxation unemployment vulnerable households Wages wellbeing |
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absolute terms access to education Access to electricity access to running water access to sanitation access to schooling access to services Andean Region annual rate average annual average growth average income basic infrastructure capital accumulation capital gains Caribbean Region cash transfer programs cash transfers concentration coefficients consumption growth country level developed countries developed economies differences in income dimensional poverty direct transfers Disposable Income drivers of poverty reduction earning inequality economic development economic efficiency economic growth economic growth prospects economic performance equal distribution equitable access Estimates of poverty extreme poverty extreme poverty line extreme poverty lines farmers financial crisis GDP Gini coefficient Gini index growth rates health expenditures health insurance high correlation household head household income household survey household survey data Household surveys housing human capital impact analysis incidence analysis Income income concepts income distribution income groups Income growth income inequality income redistribution Income Share Income Source income transfer incomes individual countries inequality inequality reduction intergenerational mobility international poverty lines labor force Labor income labor market labor markets Low income macroeconomic implications macroeconomic stability Market Income mean income middle class minimum level negative coefficients net effect nutrition pensions per capita growth per capita growth rate per capita income Personal income Personal income taxes policy implications poor poor people poorer areas poverty changes poverty indices poverty lines poverty rate Poverty rates Poverty reduction poverty reduction strategy power parity private consumption private transfers productive potential Public expenditure public expenditures public goods public investment public spending public transfers quality of life real per capita income redistributional impact redistributive impact reducing inequality reducing poverty reduction in poverty reduction of income regional data regional growth regional level regional poverty regional reports running water rural rural areas rural household rural households rural regions sanitation school attendance schooling significant differences significant impact social progress social security social spending sub-region sub-regions sustainable growth targeting taxation unemployment vulnerable households Wages wellbeing World Bank Social Gains in the Balance : A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Central Africa Latin America |
| description |
In 2012, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region continued its successful drive to reduce poverty and build the middle class. The proportion of the region's 600 million people living in extreme poverty, defined in the region as life on less than $2.50 a day, was cut in half between 2003 and 2012 to 12.3 percent. Reflecting the upward mobility out of poverty, households vulnerable to falling back into poverty became the largest group in LAC in 2005, and represent almost 38 percent of the population. However, in the last two years, the share of vulnerable households has started to decline. The middle class, currently 34.3 percent of the population, is growing rapidly and is projected to replace the vulnerable as the largest economic group in LAC by 2016. The Southern Cone region (including Brazil) continued to be the most dynamic region and the main driver of poverty reduction in LAC, while poverty in Central America and Mexico proved more stubborn. About 68 percent of poverty reduction between 2003 and 2012 was driven by economic growth, with the remaining 32 percent arising from decline in inequality. Overall, equality of access to basic childhood goods and services has improved in recent years. Yet access can be further improved, and serious issues remain concerning the quality of those goods and services, particularly in education and housing infrastructure. Moreover, access increases with parental education and income or assets, reflecting low intergenerational mobility in many countries in the region. As with poverty reduction, most of the progress in equality of access since 2000 has come in the Southern Cone and the Andean regions, while many of Central America's countries managed only small improvements. There are also severe differences at the subnational level and between urban and rural areas, highlighting the need to strengthen the capacity of local governments to deliver high quality basic services to all their citizens. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Social Gains in the Balance : A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_short |
Social Gains in the Balance : A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_full |
Social Gains in the Balance : A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_fullStr |
Social Gains in the Balance : A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Social Gains in the Balance : A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_sort |
social gains in the balance : a fiscal policy challenge for latin america and the caribbean |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17198 |
| _version_ |
1764436639937986560 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-171982021-04-23T14:03:37Z Social Gains in the Balance : A Fiscal Policy Challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean World Bank absolute terms access to education Access to electricity access to running water access to sanitation access to schooling access to services Andean Region annual rate average annual average growth average income basic infrastructure capital accumulation capital gains Caribbean Region cash transfer programs cash transfers concentration coefficients consumption growth country level developed countries developed economies differences in income dimensional poverty direct transfers Disposable Income drivers of poverty reduction earning inequality economic development economic efficiency economic growth economic growth prospects economic performance equal distribution equitable access Estimates of poverty extreme poverty extreme poverty line extreme poverty lines farmers financial crisis GDP Gini coefficient Gini index growth rates health expenditures health insurance high correlation household head household income household survey household survey data Household surveys housing human capital impact analysis incidence analysis Income income concepts income distribution income groups Income growth income inequality income redistribution Income Share Income Source income transfer incomes individual countries inequality inequality reduction intergenerational mobility international poverty lines labor force Labor income labor market labor markets Low income macroeconomic implications macroeconomic stability Market Income mean income middle class minimum level negative coefficients net effect nutrition pensions per capita growth per capita growth rate per capita income Personal income Personal income taxes policy implications poor poor people poorer areas poverty changes poverty indices poverty lines poverty rate Poverty rates Poverty reduction poverty reduction strategy power parity private consumption private transfers productive potential Public expenditure public expenditures public goods public investment public spending public transfers quality of life real per capita income redistributional impact redistributive impact reducing inequality reducing poverty reduction in poverty reduction of income regional data regional growth regional level regional poverty regional reports running water rural rural areas rural household rural households rural regions sanitation school attendance schooling significant differences significant impact social progress social security social spending sub-region sub-regions sustainable growth targeting taxation unemployment vulnerable households Wages wellbeing In 2012, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region continued its successful drive to reduce poverty and build the middle class. The proportion of the region's 600 million people living in extreme poverty, defined in the region as life on less than $2.50 a day, was cut in half between 2003 and 2012 to 12.3 percent. Reflecting the upward mobility out of poverty, households vulnerable to falling back into poverty became the largest group in LAC in 2005, and represent almost 38 percent of the population. However, in the last two years, the share of vulnerable households has started to decline. The middle class, currently 34.3 percent of the population, is growing rapidly and is projected to replace the vulnerable as the largest economic group in LAC by 2016. The Southern Cone region (including Brazil) continued to be the most dynamic region and the main driver of poverty reduction in LAC, while poverty in Central America and Mexico proved more stubborn. About 68 percent of poverty reduction between 2003 and 2012 was driven by economic growth, with the remaining 32 percent arising from decline in inequality. Overall, equality of access to basic childhood goods and services has improved in recent years. Yet access can be further improved, and serious issues remain concerning the quality of those goods and services, particularly in education and housing infrastructure. Moreover, access increases with parental education and income or assets, reflecting low intergenerational mobility in many countries in the region. As with poverty reduction, most of the progress in equality of access since 2000 has come in the Southern Cone and the Andean regions, while many of Central America's countries managed only small improvements. There are also severe differences at the subnational level and between urban and rural areas, highlighting the need to strengthen the capacity of local governments to deliver high quality basic services to all their citizens. 2014-02-27T23:31:59Z 2014-02-27T23:31:59Z 2014-02-24 978-1-4648-0291-1 10.1596/978-1-4648-0291-1 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17198 en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Central Africa Latin America |