Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil

A multi-region computable general equilibrium model is used to evaluate the regional, multilateral, and unilateral trade policy options of Mercosur from the perspective of the welfare of all potential partners in several proposed agreements. The fo...

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Main Authors: Harrison, Glenn W., Rutherford, Thomas F., Tarr, David G., Gurgel, Angelo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
en_US
Published: Washington, DC: World Bank 2014
Subjects:
GDP
WTO
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/09/17747614/trade-policy-poverty-reduction-brazil
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17162
id okr-10986-17162
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-171622021-04-23T14:03:29Z Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil Harrison, Glenn W. Rutherford, Thomas F. Tarr, David G. Gurgel, Angelo AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT POLICIES AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION AGRICULTURE APPLIED TARIFF ARBITRAGE AVERAGE EXCHANGE RATE AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFFS BENCHMARK BORDER PROTECTION BUDGET CONSTRAINTS COEFFICIENT ESTIMATE CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CORRELATION COEFFICIENT COUNTRY DUMMY COUNTRY DUMMY VARIABLES CURRENCY DATA CUSTOMS CUSTOMS REVENUE DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEMAND ELASTICITY DEPRESSING EFFECT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTORTIONS DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SUPPORT POLICIES ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC POLICY ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF EXPORT EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE OVERVALUATION EXOGENOUS SHOCK EXPORT REVENUE EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT SUBSIDY COMMITMENTS EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORTERS EXPORTS FACTOR MARKETS FIXED COSTS FOOD INDUSTRY FREE ACCESS GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS HIGH TARIFFS HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES IMPACT ON PRICE IMPORT IMPORT COMPETITION IMPORT DEMAND IMPORT PRICES IMPORTS INCOME INDUSTRIAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT LDCS MARKET ACCESS MARKET STRUCTURE MOST FAVORED NATION NATIONAL CURRENCY NATIONAL INTERESTS NET EXPORTERS OVERVALUATION PER CAPITA INCOME PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS PRICE ELASTICITIES PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE INCREASES PRICE SUPPORT PRICE SUPPORTS PRODUCT MARKETS PROTECTION DATA PROTECTION MEASURES QUOTA TARIFFS QUOTAS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS RENTS RULES OF ORIGIN SPECIALIZATION SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS SUBSIDY POLICIES SUPPLY RESPONSE SUPPLY SIDE TARIFF CLASSIFICATION TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF LINES TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATE QUOTAS TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REVENUE TAXATION TERMS OF TRADE TOTAL EXPORTS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE LOSSES TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REFORMS TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS TRADE SHARES TRADING PARTNERS TRANSPORT COSTS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND WEIGHTS WELFARE GAINS WELFARE IMPACTS WELFARE LOSS WELFARE LOSSES WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICE WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO A multi-region computable general equilibrium model is used to evaluate the regional, multilateral, and unilateral trade policy options of Mercosur from the perspective of the welfare of all potential partners in several proposed agreements. The focus for Brazil is on poverty impacts. The results show that the poorest households in Brazil experience gains of 1.5-5.5 percent of their consumption, which are about three to four times the average gains for Brazil. Protection in Brazil favors capital-intensive manufacturing relative to unskilled labor-intensive agriculture and manufacturing. So trade liberalization raises the return to unskilled labor relative to capital and disproportionately helps the poor. 2014-02-26T13:19:35Z 2014-02-26T13:19:35Z 2004-09 Journal Article http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/09/17747614/trade-policy-poverty-reduction-brazil World Bank Economic Review http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17162 English en_US CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Journal Article Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Brazil
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES
AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT
AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT POLICIES
AGRICULTURAL TRADE
AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
AGRICULTURE
APPLIED TARIFF
ARBITRAGE
AVERAGE EXCHANGE RATE
AVERAGE TARIFF
AVERAGE TARIFFS
BENCHMARK
BORDER PROTECTION
BUDGET CONSTRAINTS
COEFFICIENT ESTIMATE
CONSUMER SURPLUS
CONSUMERS
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
COUNTRY DUMMY
COUNTRY DUMMY VARIABLES
CURRENCY DATA
CUSTOMS
CUSTOMS REVENUE
DEMAND ELASTICITIES
DEMAND ELASTICITY
DEPRESSING EFFECT
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DISTORTIONS
DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
DOMESTIC DEMAND
DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
DOMESTIC SUPPORT POLICIES
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC POLICY
ELASTICITY
ELASTICITY OF EXPORT
EQUILIBRIUM
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATE OVERVALUATION
EXOGENOUS SHOCK
EXPORT REVENUE
EXPORT SUBSIDIES
EXPORT SUBSIDY
EXPORT SUBSIDY COMMITMENTS
EXPORT SUPPLY
EXPORTERS
EXPORTS
FACTOR MARKETS
FIXED COSTS
FOOD INDUSTRY
FREE ACCESS
GDP
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS
GLOBAL TRADE
GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS
HIGH TARIFFS
HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
IMPACT ON PRICE
IMPORT
IMPORT COMPETITION
IMPORT DEMAND
IMPORT PRICES
IMPORTS
INCOME
INDUSTRIAL POLICY
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS
INTERNATIONAL MARKET
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT
LDCS
MARKET ACCESS
MARKET STRUCTURE
MOST FAVORED NATION
NATIONAL CURRENCY
NATIONAL INTERESTS
NET EXPORTERS
OVERVALUATION
PER CAPITA INCOME
PREFERENTIAL ACCESS
PREFERENTIAL TRADE
PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS
PRICE ELASTICITIES
PRICE ELASTICITY
PRICE INCREASES
PRICE SUPPORT
PRICE SUPPORTS
PRODUCT MARKETS
PROTECTION DATA
PROTECTION MEASURES
QUOTA TARIFFS
QUOTAS
REDUCTION IN TARIFFS
RENTS
RULES OF ORIGIN
SPECIALIZATION
SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
SUBSIDY POLICIES
SUPPLY RESPONSE
SUPPLY SIDE
TARIFF CLASSIFICATION
TARIFF EQUIVALENT
TARIFF LINES
TARIFF PROTECTION
TARIFF RATE
TARIFF RATE QUOTAS
TARIFF REDUCTION
TARIFF REDUCTIONS
TARIFF REVENUE
TAXATION
TERMS OF TRADE
TOTAL EXPORTS
TRADE BARRIERS
TRADE DATA
TRADE LIBERALIZATION
TRADE LOSSES
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
TRADE POLICY
TRADE POLICY REFORMS
TRADE PREFERENCES
TRADE REFORMS
TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS
TRADE SHARES
TRADING PARTNERS
TRANSPORT COSTS
UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
URUGUAY ROUND
WEIGHTS
WELFARE GAINS
WELFARE IMPACTS
WELFARE LOSS
WELFARE LOSSES
WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
WORLD ECONOMY
WORLD MARKET
WORLD MARKETS
WORLD PRICE
WORLD PRICES
WORLD TRADE
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
WORLD TRADING SYSTEM
WTO
spellingShingle AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES
AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT
AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT POLICIES
AGRICULTURAL TRADE
AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
AGRICULTURE
APPLIED TARIFF
ARBITRAGE
AVERAGE EXCHANGE RATE
AVERAGE TARIFF
AVERAGE TARIFFS
BENCHMARK
BORDER PROTECTION
BUDGET CONSTRAINTS
COEFFICIENT ESTIMATE
CONSUMER SURPLUS
CONSUMERS
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
COUNTRY DUMMY
COUNTRY DUMMY VARIABLES
CURRENCY DATA
CUSTOMS
CUSTOMS REVENUE
DEMAND ELASTICITIES
DEMAND ELASTICITY
DEPRESSING EFFECT
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DISTORTIONS
DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
DOMESTIC DEMAND
DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
DOMESTIC SUPPORT POLICIES
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC POLICY
ELASTICITY
ELASTICITY OF EXPORT
EQUILIBRIUM
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATE OVERVALUATION
EXOGENOUS SHOCK
EXPORT REVENUE
EXPORT SUBSIDIES
EXPORT SUBSIDY
EXPORT SUBSIDY COMMITMENTS
EXPORT SUPPLY
EXPORTERS
EXPORTS
FACTOR MARKETS
FIXED COSTS
FOOD INDUSTRY
FREE ACCESS
GDP
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS
GLOBAL TRADE
GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS
HIGH TARIFFS
HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
IMPACT ON PRICE
IMPORT
IMPORT COMPETITION
IMPORT DEMAND
IMPORT PRICES
IMPORTS
INCOME
INDUSTRIAL POLICY
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS
INTERNATIONAL MARKET
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT
LDCS
MARKET ACCESS
MARKET STRUCTURE
MOST FAVORED NATION
NATIONAL CURRENCY
NATIONAL INTERESTS
NET EXPORTERS
OVERVALUATION
PER CAPITA INCOME
PREFERENTIAL ACCESS
PREFERENTIAL TRADE
PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS
PRICE ELASTICITIES
PRICE ELASTICITY
PRICE INCREASES
PRICE SUPPORT
PRICE SUPPORTS
PRODUCT MARKETS
PROTECTION DATA
PROTECTION MEASURES
QUOTA TARIFFS
QUOTAS
REDUCTION IN TARIFFS
RENTS
RULES OF ORIGIN
SPECIALIZATION
SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
SUBSIDY POLICIES
SUPPLY RESPONSE
SUPPLY SIDE
TARIFF CLASSIFICATION
TARIFF EQUIVALENT
TARIFF LINES
TARIFF PROTECTION
TARIFF RATE
TARIFF RATE QUOTAS
TARIFF REDUCTION
TARIFF REDUCTIONS
TARIFF REVENUE
TAXATION
TERMS OF TRADE
TOTAL EXPORTS
TRADE BARRIERS
TRADE DATA
TRADE LIBERALIZATION
TRADE LOSSES
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
TRADE POLICY
TRADE POLICY REFORMS
TRADE PREFERENCES
TRADE REFORMS
TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS
TRADE SHARES
TRADING PARTNERS
TRANSPORT COSTS
UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
URUGUAY ROUND
WEIGHTS
WELFARE GAINS
WELFARE IMPACTS
WELFARE LOSS
WELFARE LOSSES
WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
WORLD ECONOMY
WORLD MARKET
WORLD MARKETS
WORLD PRICE
WORLD PRICES
WORLD TRADE
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
WORLD TRADING SYSTEM
WTO
Harrison, Glenn W.
Rutherford, Thomas F.
Tarr, David G.
Gurgel, Angelo
Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil
geographic_facet Latin America & Caribbean
Brazil
description A multi-region computable general equilibrium model is used to evaluate the regional, multilateral, and unilateral trade policy options of Mercosur from the perspective of the welfare of all potential partners in several proposed agreements. The focus for Brazil is on poverty impacts. The results show that the poorest households in Brazil experience gains of 1.5-5.5 percent of their consumption, which are about three to four times the average gains for Brazil. Protection in Brazil favors capital-intensive manufacturing relative to unskilled labor-intensive agriculture and manufacturing. So trade liberalization raises the return to unskilled labor relative to capital and disproportionately helps the poor.
format Journal Article
author Harrison, Glenn W.
Rutherford, Thomas F.
Tarr, David G.
Gurgel, Angelo
author_facet Harrison, Glenn W.
Rutherford, Thomas F.
Tarr, David G.
Gurgel, Angelo
author_sort Harrison, Glenn W.
title Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil
title_short Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil
title_full Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil
title_fullStr Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil
title_sort trade policy and poverty reduction in brazil
publisher Washington, DC: World Bank
publishDate 2014
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/09/17747614/trade-policy-poverty-reduction-brazil
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17162
_version_ 1764433388878430208