Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization
This article presents estimates of the impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). China is estimated to be the biggest beneficiary (US$31 billion a year from trade reforms in preparation for accession and additional gai...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/01/17742413/impacts-chinas-accession-world-trade-organization http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17152 |
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okr-10986-17152 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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English en_US |
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ACCESSION ACCESSION AGREEMENT ACCESSION COMMITMENTS ACCESSION PROCESS ACCESSION TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ACCESSION TO WTO ADVERSE IMPACTS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL RETURNS AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURE APPAREL AUTOMOBILE SECTOR AVERAGE TARIFFS BARRIER BENCHMARK BENCHMARK DATA CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL PER WORKER COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT ELASTICITY OF TRANSFORMATION CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMER DEMANDS CONSUMER PRICES CONTINGENT PROTECTION CUSTOMS UNION DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DEVELOPING ECONOMY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOWNWARD PRESSURE DUTY EXEMPTIONS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RELATIONS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE REGIME EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PRODUCTION EXPORT QUOTAS EXPORT SECTOR EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT TAX EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINANCIAL FLOWS FINANCIAL REFORM FOREIGN COMPETITION FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS GOVERNMENT BUDGET GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HARMONIZATION HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT PROTECTION INCOMES INDUSTRIAL COUNTRY INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INSURANCE INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES INTENSIVE PRODUCTS INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DISTORTIONS LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR-INTENSIVE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING SECTORS MARGINAL COST MARKET BARRIERS MERCHANDISE TRADE LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCE NEGATIVE PROTECTION NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES NONTARIFF BARRIERS OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLICY REFORM POLICY REFORMS POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATIZATION PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PRODUCTION STRUCTURE PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES PROTECTION DATA PROTECTION MEASURES PROTECTIVE IMPACT QUOTA RENTS RAPID GROWTH RATES OF PROTECTION REAL INCOME REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ROUND AGREEMENT RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL SECTOR RURAL WAGES RURAL WORKERS SAFEGUARD ACTIONS SAVINGS SERVICE SECTORS SERVICES DIMENSION SERVICES SECTORS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL SAFETY NET STATE ENTERPRISE STATE ENTERPRISES STATE TRADING STATUTORY TARIFF STATUTORY TARIFF RATES STRUCTURAL CHANGE TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF CUTS TARIFF DATA TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF LIBERALIZATION TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TAX RATE TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE BALANCE TRADE DATA TRADE FLOWS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PARTNERS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE RULES TRADE VOLUMES TRADING PARTNER TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSACTION COST TRANSITIONAL PRODUCT UNDERESTIMATES UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS URBAN-RURAL INCOME DIFFERENTIALS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE ADDED VALUE OF IMPORTS WHOLESALE PRICES WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO WTO ACCESSION WTO COMMITMENTS WTO MEMBERS WTO MEMBERSHIP WTO RULES |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESSION ACCESSION AGREEMENT ACCESSION COMMITMENTS ACCESSION PROCESS ACCESSION TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ACCESSION TO WTO ADVERSE IMPACTS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL RETURNS AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURE APPAREL AUTOMOBILE SECTOR AVERAGE TARIFFS BARRIER BENCHMARK BENCHMARK DATA CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL PER WORKER COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT ELASTICITY OF TRANSFORMATION CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMER DEMANDS CONSUMER PRICES CONTINGENT PROTECTION CUSTOMS UNION DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DEVELOPING ECONOMY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOWNWARD PRESSURE DUTY EXEMPTIONS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RELATIONS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE REGIME EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PRODUCTION EXPORT QUOTAS EXPORT SECTOR EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT TAX EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINANCIAL FLOWS FINANCIAL REFORM FOREIGN COMPETITION FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS GOVERNMENT BUDGET GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HARMONIZATION HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT PROTECTION INCOMES INDUSTRIAL COUNTRY INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INSURANCE INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES INTENSIVE PRODUCTS INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DISTORTIONS LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR-INTENSIVE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING SECTORS MARGINAL COST MARKET BARRIERS MERCHANDISE TRADE LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCE NEGATIVE PROTECTION NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES NONTARIFF BARRIERS OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLICY REFORM POLICY REFORMS POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATIZATION PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PRODUCTION STRUCTURE PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES PROTECTION DATA PROTECTION MEASURES PROTECTIVE IMPACT QUOTA RENTS RAPID GROWTH RATES OF PROTECTION REAL INCOME REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ROUND AGREEMENT RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL SECTOR RURAL WAGES RURAL WORKERS SAFEGUARD ACTIONS SAVINGS SERVICE SECTORS SERVICES DIMENSION SERVICES SECTORS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL SAFETY NET STATE ENTERPRISE STATE ENTERPRISES STATE TRADING STATUTORY TARIFF STATUTORY TARIFF RATES STRUCTURAL CHANGE TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF CUTS TARIFF DATA TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF LIBERALIZATION TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TAX RATE TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE BALANCE TRADE DATA TRADE FLOWS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PARTNERS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE RULES TRADE VOLUMES TRADING PARTNER TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSACTION COST TRANSITIONAL PRODUCT UNDERESTIMATES UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS URBAN-RURAL INCOME DIFFERENTIALS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE ADDED VALUE OF IMPORTS WHOLESALE PRICES WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO WTO ACCESSION WTO COMMITMENTS WTO MEMBERS WTO MEMBERSHIP WTO RULES Ianchovichina, Elena Martin, Will Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific China |
| description |
This article presents estimates of the
impact of China's accession to the World Trade
Organization (WTO). China is estimated to be the biggest
beneficiary (US$31 billion a year from trade reforms in
preparation for accession and additional gains of $10
billion a year from reforms after accession), followed by
its major trading partners that also undertake
liberalization, including the economies in North America,
Western Europe, and Taiwan (China). Accession will boost
manufacturing sectors in China, especially textiles and
apparel, which will benefit directly from the removal of
export quotas. Developing economies competing with China in
third markets may suffer small losses. Accession will have
important distributional consequences for China, with the
wages of skilled and unskilled nonfarm workers rising in
real terms and relative to those of farm workers. Possible
policy changes, including reductions in barriers to labor
mobility and improvements in rural education, could more
than offset these negative impacts and facilitate the
development of China's economy. |
| format |
Journal Article |
| author |
Ianchovichina, Elena Martin, Will |
| author_facet |
Ianchovichina, Elena Martin, Will |
| author_sort |
Ianchovichina, Elena |
| title |
Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization |
| title_short |
Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization |
| title_full |
Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization |
| title_fullStr |
Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization |
| title_sort |
impacts of china's accession to the world trade organization |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/01/17742413/impacts-chinas-accession-world-trade-organization http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17152 |
| _version_ |
1764433181655695360 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-171522021-04-23T14:03:29Z Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization Ianchovichina, Elena Martin, Will ACCESSION ACCESSION AGREEMENT ACCESSION COMMITMENTS ACCESSION PROCESS ACCESSION TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ACCESSION TO WTO ADVERSE IMPACTS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL RETURNS AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURE APPAREL AUTOMOBILE SECTOR AVERAGE TARIFFS BARRIER BENCHMARK BENCHMARK DATA CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL PER WORKER COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT ELASTICITY OF TRANSFORMATION CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMER DEMANDS CONSUMER PRICES CONTINGENT PROTECTION CUSTOMS UNION DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DEVELOPING ECONOMY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOWNWARD PRESSURE DUTY EXEMPTIONS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RELATIONS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE REGIME EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PRODUCTION EXPORT QUOTAS EXPORT SECTOR EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT TAX EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINANCIAL FLOWS FINANCIAL REFORM FOREIGN COMPETITION FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS GOVERNMENT BUDGET GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HARMONIZATION HUMAN CAPITAL IMPORT PROTECTION INCOMES INDUSTRIAL COUNTRY INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INSURANCE INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES INTENSIVE PRODUCTS INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET DISTORTIONS LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR-INTENSIVE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING SECTORS MARGINAL COST MARKET BARRIERS MERCHANDISE TRADE LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT MULTILATERAL TRADE NATURAL RESOURCE NEGATIVE PROTECTION NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES NONTARIFF BARRIERS OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY CHANGES POLICY REFORM POLICY REFORMS POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATIZATION PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PRODUCTION STRUCTURE PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES PROTECTION DATA PROTECTION MEASURES PROTECTIVE IMPACT QUOTA RENTS RAPID GROWTH RATES OF PROTECTION REAL INCOME REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ROUND AGREEMENT RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL SECTOR RURAL WAGES RURAL WORKERS SAFEGUARD ACTIONS SAVINGS SERVICE SECTORS SERVICES DIMENSION SERVICES SECTORS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL SAFETY NET STATE ENTERPRISE STATE ENTERPRISES STATE TRADING STATUTORY TARIFF STATUTORY TARIFF RATES STRUCTURAL CHANGE TARIFF BINDINGS TARIFF CUTS TARIFF DATA TARIFF EQUIVALENT TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF LIBERALIZATION TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TAX RATE TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE BALANCE TRADE DATA TRADE FLOWS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PARTNERS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE RULES TRADE VOLUMES TRADING PARTNER TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSACTION COST TRANSITIONAL PRODUCT UNDERESTIMATES UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN AREAS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS URBAN-RURAL INCOME DIFFERENTIALS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE ADDED VALUE OF IMPORTS WHOLESALE PRICES WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO WTO ACCESSION WTO COMMITMENTS WTO MEMBERS WTO MEMBERSHIP WTO RULES This article presents estimates of the impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). China is estimated to be the biggest beneficiary (US$31 billion a year from trade reforms in preparation for accession and additional gains of $10 billion a year from reforms after accession), followed by its major trading partners that also undertake liberalization, including the economies in North America, Western Europe, and Taiwan (China). Accession will boost manufacturing sectors in China, especially textiles and apparel, which will benefit directly from the removal of export quotas. Developing economies competing with China in third markets may suffer small losses. Accession will have important distributional consequences for China, with the wages of skilled and unskilled nonfarm workers rising in real terms and relative to those of farm workers. Possible policy changes, including reductions in barriers to labor mobility and improvements in rural education, could more than offset these negative impacts and facilitate the development of China's economy. 2014-02-25T22:34:41Z 2014-02-25T22:34:41Z 2004-01 Journal Article http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/01/17742413/impacts-chinas-accession-world-trade-organization World Bank Economic Review http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17152 English en_US CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Journal Article Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific China |