Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives
Reliable power supply is critical for Tajikistan's economy and poverty reduction goals. Without reliable, affordable electricity throughout the year, Tajikistan's businesses cannot invest, operate and create jobs; hospitals and schools cannot function fully or safely with frequent power cu...
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| Format: | Energy-Environment Review |
| Language: | en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17149 |
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okr-10986-17149 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
en_US |
| topic |
air air leakage air leaks air pollution air quality allowance alternative investments aluminum aluminum industry annual growth rate appliance standards approach availability average household consumption balance boiler boiler house boiler houses boilers CAPS carbon carbon monoxide catastrophic failure climate coal coal gas coal production colors compact fluorescent lamps conservation cost of electricity cost of energy cost of energy supply costs of electricity demand for electricity demand for energy demand for energy services demand forecast demand management demand reduction diesel diesel power dissolution distribution network distribution of electricity district heating district heating system district heating systems domestic sources Domestic Supply economic activity economic costs economic growth electric heaters electric water heating Electricity electricity consumption electricity costs electricity demand Electricity demand growth electricity generation electricity price electricity prices electricity savings Electricity Supply Electricity System electricity tariff electricity tariffs electricity usage electrolysis Emissions end-users energy audits energy bills energy consumption energy costs energy deficit energy demand ENERGY EFFICIENCY energy efficiency improvements energy efficiency investments energy efficiency measures energy efficiency programs energy efficiency standards energy generation energy intensity energy loss energy losses energy market energy needs energy prices energy resources Energy savings energy security ENERGY SHORTAGES energy sources energy system energy use extreme temperatures feasibility financial analysis financial condition financial costs financial needs financial reasons financial support Fluorescent Lamp foreign exchange fossil fossil fuels FUEL fuel oil fuel supply FUEL SWITCHING fuels Gas gas boilers Gas Turbine gasification generation capacity generation mix generation units gross domestic product growth in demand growth in electricity demand hard coal health risk Heat heat demand heat generation heat supply heat transmission heavy oil household energy household expenditures hydro power hydro power plants hydropower Hydropower Plant Imports income investments in energy investments in energy efficiency irradiation jobs Kilowatt Hour living standards load shedding natural gas natural gas supply negative impact Peak demand peak load peak power Petroleum power power capacity power consumption power demand power flows power generation Power Plant power plant construction power prices power sector power shortages power supply Power System power trade price elasticity price elasticity of demand price increase price signal provision of heat quantitative analysis quantity of electricity regulatory framework reliability of supply renewable energy renewable energy resources renewable energy sources Residential building residential buildings residential consumers residential demand scenarios Solar Power solar water heaters solid fuels Space heating substitution supply costs supply of electricity thermal capacity thermal plant thermal plant capacity thermal plants Thermal power Thermal Power Plant Thermal power plants total cost total demand transmission constraints Transmission Line transmission lines Transmission System turbines utility company Voltage waste |
| spellingShingle |
air air leakage air leaks air pollution air quality allowance alternative investments aluminum aluminum industry annual growth rate appliance standards approach availability average household consumption balance boiler boiler house boiler houses boilers CAPS carbon carbon monoxide catastrophic failure climate coal coal gas coal production colors compact fluorescent lamps conservation cost of electricity cost of energy cost of energy supply costs of electricity demand for electricity demand for energy demand for energy services demand forecast demand management demand reduction diesel diesel power dissolution distribution network distribution of electricity district heating district heating system district heating systems domestic sources Domestic Supply economic activity economic costs economic growth electric heaters electric water heating Electricity electricity consumption electricity costs electricity demand Electricity demand growth electricity generation electricity price electricity prices electricity savings Electricity Supply Electricity System electricity tariff electricity tariffs electricity usage electrolysis Emissions end-users energy audits energy bills energy consumption energy costs energy deficit energy demand ENERGY EFFICIENCY energy efficiency improvements energy efficiency investments energy efficiency measures energy efficiency programs energy efficiency standards energy generation energy intensity energy loss energy losses energy market energy needs energy prices energy resources Energy savings energy security ENERGY SHORTAGES energy sources energy system energy use extreme temperatures feasibility financial analysis financial condition financial costs financial needs financial reasons financial support Fluorescent Lamp foreign exchange fossil fossil fuels FUEL fuel oil fuel supply FUEL SWITCHING fuels Gas gas boilers Gas Turbine gasification generation capacity generation mix generation units gross domestic product growth in demand growth in electricity demand hard coal health risk Heat heat demand heat generation heat supply heat transmission heavy oil household energy household expenditures hydro power hydro power plants hydropower Hydropower Plant Imports income investments in energy investments in energy efficiency irradiation jobs Kilowatt Hour living standards load shedding natural gas natural gas supply negative impact Peak demand peak load peak power Petroleum power power capacity power consumption power demand power flows power generation Power Plant power plant construction power prices power sector power shortages power supply Power System power trade price elasticity price elasticity of demand price increase price signal provision of heat quantitative analysis quantity of electricity regulatory framework reliability of supply renewable energy renewable energy resources renewable energy sources Residential building residential buildings residential consumers residential demand scenarios Solar Power solar water heaters solid fuels Space heating substitution supply costs supply of electricity thermal capacity thermal plant thermal plant capacity thermal plants Thermal power Thermal Power Plant Thermal power plants total cost total demand transmission constraints Transmission Line transmission lines Transmission System turbines utility company Voltage waste Fields, Daryl Kochnakyan, Artur Stuggins, Gary Besant-Jones, John Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Asia Central Asia Commonwealth of Independent States Eastern Europe Tajikistan |
| description |
Reliable power supply is critical for Tajikistan's economy and poverty reduction goals. Without reliable, affordable electricity throughout the year, Tajikistan's businesses cannot invest, operate and create jobs; hospitals and schools cannot function fully or safely with frequent power cuts during winter; citizens suffer indoor air pollution from burning wood for heating and cooking. Electricity also powers the country's two largest exports: aluminum and agricultural produce, which account for about 30 percent of Tajikistan's annual gross domestic product and almost 45 percent of export earnings. Currently, electricity is the cheapest available resource to heat homes so the residential and commercial sectors are highly dependent on electricity for heat as well as lighting and industrial processes. The Government is responsible for guiding programs that keep power supply apace with demand. The purpose of this study is to assist the Government in further defining ways to meet growing demand for electricity in Tajikistan, with a particular focus on the recurring winter shortages which amount to about 24 percent of winter demand. The study also examines the potential benefits of power exports, particularly during summers when hydropower plants spill energy. The study explores a range of alternatives to meet electricity demand as quickly as possible and develop a short term plan of action to alleviate the social and economic costs of winter shortages. The study focuses on multiple initiatives that can be started immediately and simultaneously, and will establish fundamental components of energy security for Tajikistan, namely: to moderate unsustainable demand growth, protect the current asset base, and remedy the thermal/hydro imbalance in the energy sector. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Energy-Environment Review |
| author |
Fields, Daryl Kochnakyan, Artur Stuggins, Gary Besant-Jones, John |
| author_facet |
Fields, Daryl Kochnakyan, Artur Stuggins, Gary Besant-Jones, John |
| author_sort |
Fields, Daryl |
| title |
Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_short |
Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_full |
Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_fullStr |
Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives |
| title_sort |
tajikistan’s winter energy crisis : electricity supply and demand alternatives |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17149 |
| _version_ |
1764435649858895872 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-171492021-04-23T14:03:34Z Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives Fields, Daryl Kochnakyan, Artur Stuggins, Gary Besant-Jones, John air air leakage air leaks air pollution air quality allowance alternative investments aluminum aluminum industry annual growth rate appliance standards approach availability average household consumption balance boiler boiler house boiler houses boilers CAPS carbon carbon monoxide catastrophic failure climate coal coal gas coal production colors compact fluorescent lamps conservation cost of electricity cost of energy cost of energy supply costs of electricity demand for electricity demand for energy demand for energy services demand forecast demand management demand reduction diesel diesel power dissolution distribution network distribution of electricity district heating district heating system district heating systems domestic sources Domestic Supply economic activity economic costs economic growth electric heaters electric water heating Electricity electricity consumption electricity costs electricity demand Electricity demand growth electricity generation electricity price electricity prices electricity savings Electricity Supply Electricity System electricity tariff electricity tariffs electricity usage electrolysis Emissions end-users energy audits energy bills energy consumption energy costs energy deficit energy demand ENERGY EFFICIENCY energy efficiency improvements energy efficiency investments energy efficiency measures energy efficiency programs energy efficiency standards energy generation energy intensity energy loss energy losses energy market energy needs energy prices energy resources Energy savings energy security ENERGY SHORTAGES energy sources energy system energy use extreme temperatures feasibility financial analysis financial condition financial costs financial needs financial reasons financial support Fluorescent Lamp foreign exchange fossil fossil fuels FUEL fuel oil fuel supply FUEL SWITCHING fuels Gas gas boilers Gas Turbine gasification generation capacity generation mix generation units gross domestic product growth in demand growth in electricity demand hard coal health risk Heat heat demand heat generation heat supply heat transmission heavy oil household energy household expenditures hydro power hydro power plants hydropower Hydropower Plant Imports income investments in energy investments in energy efficiency irradiation jobs Kilowatt Hour living standards load shedding natural gas natural gas supply negative impact Peak demand peak load peak power Petroleum power power capacity power consumption power demand power flows power generation Power Plant power plant construction power prices power sector power shortages power supply Power System power trade price elasticity price elasticity of demand price increase price signal provision of heat quantitative analysis quantity of electricity regulatory framework reliability of supply renewable energy renewable energy resources renewable energy sources Residential building residential buildings residential consumers residential demand scenarios Solar Power solar water heaters solid fuels Space heating substitution supply costs supply of electricity thermal capacity thermal plant thermal plant capacity thermal plants Thermal power Thermal Power Plant Thermal power plants total cost total demand transmission constraints Transmission Line transmission lines Transmission System turbines utility company Voltage waste Reliable power supply is critical for Tajikistan's economy and poverty reduction goals. Without reliable, affordable electricity throughout the year, Tajikistan's businesses cannot invest, operate and create jobs; hospitals and schools cannot function fully or safely with frequent power cuts during winter; citizens suffer indoor air pollution from burning wood for heating and cooking. Electricity also powers the country's two largest exports: aluminum and agricultural produce, which account for about 30 percent of Tajikistan's annual gross domestic product and almost 45 percent of export earnings. Currently, electricity is the cheapest available resource to heat homes so the residential and commercial sectors are highly dependent on electricity for heat as well as lighting and industrial processes. The Government is responsible for guiding programs that keep power supply apace with demand. The purpose of this study is to assist the Government in further defining ways to meet growing demand for electricity in Tajikistan, with a particular focus on the recurring winter shortages which amount to about 24 percent of winter demand. The study also examines the potential benefits of power exports, particularly during summers when hydropower plants spill energy. The study explores a range of alternatives to meet electricity demand as quickly as possible and develop a short term plan of action to alleviate the social and economic costs of winter shortages. The study focuses on multiple initiatives that can be started immediately and simultaneously, and will establish fundamental components of energy security for Tajikistan, namely: to moderate unsustainable demand growth, protect the current asset base, and remedy the thermal/hydro imbalance in the energy sector. 2014-02-25T20:52:35Z 2014-02-25T20:52:35Z 2012-11 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17149 en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Energy-Environment Review Economic & Sector Work Europe and Central Asia Asia Central Asia Commonwealth of Independent States Eastern Europe Tajikistan |